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  • Course Text: James, R. K. & Gilliland, B.E. (2017). Crisis intervention strategies (8th ed.). Boston, MA: Cengage Learning. 

Chapter 16, "Human Services Workers in Crisis: Burnout, Vicarious Traumatization, and Compassion Fatigue"



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Borritz, M., Rugulies, R., Bjorner, J., Villadsen, E., Mikkelsen, O. A., & Kristensen, T. S. (2006). Burnout among employees in human service work: Design and baseline findings of the PUMA study. Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, 34(1), 49–58.
This article analyzes the results of a study that explored burnout among human services professionals in Denmark using a new burnout tool, the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory. Potential determinants and consequences of burnout are discussed.

Ducharme, L. J., Knudsen, H. K., & Roman, P. M. (2008). Emotional exhaustion and turnover intention in human service occupations: The protective role of coworker support. Sociological Spectrum, 28(1), 81–104.
In this article, the authors examine how coworker support can help prevent emotional exhaustion, turnover, and burnout among human services professionals. The results of a study that analyzed data related to burnout among substance abuse treatment counselors are examined.

Rugulies, R., Christensen, K. B., Borritz, M., Villadsen, E., Bültmann, U., & Kristensen, T. S. (2007). The contribution of the psychosocial work environment to sickness absence in human service workers: Results of a 3-year follow-up study. Work & Stress, 21(4), 293–311.
This article analyzes the contribution of 16 different psychosocial factors to sickness absenteeism among 890 human services professionals. Implications for the psychosocial work environment are discussed.