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BONE DISORDERS AND DIAGNOSIS

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Bone disorders and diseases vary widely and are studied in detail in fields such as Osteopathy and Bioarcheology to mention but a few. They have various variations and factors that are involved in their onset encompass age, geographical location, ethnic descent, and sex. Through extensive research in the field, medical practitioners have tried to narrow down some of the causative factors. According to a book on the Bioarchaeology of bone diseases,

“Conditions that lead to iron deficiency induced anemia which results in subsidiary effects on bone cells and structure to have potential causative factors which compose of intestinal parasitic infections and blood loss. (Megan Brickley, 2010, p. 3).

In the case Study given, the patient exhibits symptoms that can be linked to a bone disorder. After a bone marrow biopsy had been carried out on her, results showed that the patient had abnormal plasma cells and also an increase in immunoglobulin A. Abnormal plasma cells are an indicator of a condition known as Multiple Myeloma. This condition causes the plasma which is a type of white blood cell to build up in the bone marrow forming tumors. This results in weakening of the bone and even damage. There are several types of plasma neoplasm thus the need to carry out various tests and procedures like; A physical exam and history to check for lumps and anything else unusual, Blood and Urine immunoglobulin studies which are done to measure a number of particular antibodies and also a cytogenetic analysis to check for specific changes in chromosomes in the bone marrow.

After these tests have been carried out on the patient, the following are some of the the-would-be expected results. After the Blood and Urine immunoglobulin tests, beta-2 –macroglobulin, free light chains and protein amount would be abnormally high. This would test positive for multiple myeloma. ("Plasma cells Neoplasm," 2016).

The results obtained from the various tests conclusively point out that the patient is suffering from Multiple Myeloma which is one of the several variations of plasma cell Neoplasm. This prognosis is also aided by the fact that the patient’s levels of immunoglobulin A were abnormal. Further symptoms of the condition were exhibited by the patient as she complained of fatigue and bone pain. The bone pain may be as a result of bone damage caused by the Myeloma. More research on the disease's prognosis shows that "partial or complete deletion of chromosomes 13 and t (4:14) show a high-risk of the disease." (Singhal, Mehta, vol. 1).

The diagnosis shows that the patient is suffering from Multiple Myeloma. There is no known cure yet for multiple myeloma, but from medical research, therapy has been known to improve the chances for patients with multiple myeloma. An extract from the book on multiple myeloma says that "Without treatment, the median survival rate of a victim is approximately six mo." (Heller, pg. 34). Therefore I would recommend advanced treatment for Julia to improve her chances of survival.

References

Brickley, M., & Ives, R. (2008). The bioarchaeology of metabolic bone disease. Amsterdam: Academic Press.

Plasma Cell Neoplasms (Including Multiple Myeloma) Treatment. (2017). National Cancer Institute. Retrieved 17 February 2017, from https://www.cancer.gov/types/myeloma/patient/myeloma-treatment-pdq

Singhal, S. & Mehta, J. (2017). Multiple Myeloma. Retrieved 17 February 2017, from http://cjasn.asnjournals.org/content/1/6/1322.full

Heller, R. J. (2005). Multiple Myeloma: The plain English handbook for patients and caregivers. Marietta, Ga: Wollaston Press.