NORTEL

5 /1 9/2 017 M GM T314 ­  U neth ic al B ehavio rs  in  O rg aniz atio ns h ttp s://e dge.a pus.e du/a ccess/c onte nt/g ro up/b usin ess­c om mon/U niv ers al/M GM T/3 14/e lf/le sson­6 /e lf_ in dex.h tm l 1 /1 5 M GM T 3 14 | W EEK 6 M an ag ers a s E th ic a l L e ad ers a n d E m pow erin g E th ic a l E m plo ye es O ne o f t h e m ost i m porta n t d ete rm in an ts o f w heth er a n o rg an iz a tio n w ill h ave a n e th ic al o rg an iz a tio nal c u lt u re i s l e ad ers h ip . T h e l e ad ers o f a n o rg an iz a tio n s e t t h e t o ne a t t h e t o p a n d t h e b eh avio r t h ey d em onstr a te b eco m es a m od el f o r e ve ry o ne w ho w ork s u n d er t h em . I n t h eir e ffo rts t o s e t t h e t o ne a t t h e t o p , l e ad ers c an a c t a s d if fe re n t t y p es o f r o le m od els , u se d if fe re n t f o rm s o f p ow er, a n d p ra c tic e d if fe re n t t y p es o f l e ad ers h ip . T h is l e sso n w ill p ro vid e a n o ve rv ie w a n d e xa m ple s o f e ac h o f t h ese . T h is l e sso n a ls o w ill d is c u ss w hat e m plo ye es w an t f r o m a j o b . E m plo ye es a re m otiv a te d b y a v a rie ty o f t h in g s, a n d , u sin g M aslo w ’s H ie ra rc h y o f N eed s t o f r a m e t h e d is c u ssio n, t h is l e sso n w ill c o ve r w hat t h ese n eed s a re a n d h o w e m plo ye es c an m eet t h em .

L E A RN IN G O BJE C TIV ES : E xa m in e t h e a p plic atio n o f l e ad ers h ip c o nce p ts a n d e th ic al t h eo rie s i n t h e b usin ess e n vir o nm en t. b ac k t o t o p 5 /1 9/2 017 M GM T314 ­  U neth ic al B ehavio rs  in  O rg aniz atio ns h ttp s://e dge.a pus.e du/a ccess/c onte nt/g ro up/b usin ess­c om mon/U niv ers al/M GM T/3 14/e lf/le sson­6 /e lf_ in dex.h tm l 2 /1 5 T o ne a t t h e T o p T h e l e ad ers o f a n o rg an iz a tio n s e t t h e t o ne a t t h e t o p , w hic h d ete rm in es t h e t y p e o f o rg an iz a tio nal c u lt u re t h at w ill p re va il. T o ne a t t h e t o p c an b e d efin ed a s t h e e th ic al a tm osp here t h at t h e o rg an iz a tio n’s l e ad ers h ip c re ate s i n t h e w ork p la c e . T h e t o ne t h at a n o rg an iz a tio n’s l e ad ers s e t w ill t r ic kle -d ow n t o t h e r e st o f t h e o rg an iz a tio n’s e m plo ye es.

I f t h e t o ne a t t h e t o p m ake s e th ic s a n d i n te g rit y a p rio rit y , e m plo ye es w ill b e m ore l ik e ly t o e sp ouse t h o se s a m e m ora ls . B ut i f t h e l e ad ers d o n o t m ake e th ic s a p rio rit y , e m plo ye es w ill b e l e ss l ik e ly t o s tr iv e t o b e e th ic al b ecau se t h ey l ik e ly w ill f e el t h at t h e o rg an iz a tio n d oes n o t p la c e v a lu e o n e th ic al b eh avio r. R e se arc h h as i n d ic ate d t h at e m plo ye es t a ke n o te o f t h eir l e ad ers ’ b eh avio r a n d a c tio ns, a n d e m plo ye es s tr iv e t o m od el t h e l e ad ers ’ c o nd uct. I f a n o rg an iz a tio n i s t o h ave a n e th ic al o rg an iz a tio nal c u lt u re , i t s ta rts w it h l e ad ers h ip s e ttin g a n e th ic al t o ne a t t h e t o p ( A sso cia tio n o f C ertif ie d F ra u d E xa m in ers ).

b ac k t o t o p 5 /1 9/2 017 M GM T314 ­  U neth ic al B ehavio rs  in  O rg aniz atio ns h ttp s://e dge.a pus.e du/a ccess/c onte nt/g ro up/b usin ess­c om mon/U niv ers al/M GM T/3 14/e lf/le sson­6 /e lf_ in dex.h tm l 3 /1 5 T yp es o f L e ad ers h ip R o le M od els : T h e O pportu n is t I n t h eir e ffo rts t o b e r o le m od els , l e ad ers m ay a ssu m e a c e rta in s ty le . T h is l e sso n w ill r e vie w f o ur o f t h ese s ty le s— th e o p portu n is t, d ip lo m at, t e ch nic ia n , a n d a c h ie ve r. L e t’ s f ir s t l o ok a t t h e o p portu n is t a s r o le m od el. W HAT  D EFIN ES A N  O PPO RTU NIS T? H O W  D O  O PPO RTU NIS TS  IN TE R AC T W IT H  O TH ER S? H O W  L O NG  D O  O PPO RTU NIS TS  S TA Y  IN  L E AD ER SH IP  P O SIT IO NS? W HAT  C HAR AC TE R IZ E S A N  O RG AN IZ AT IO N T H AT  S U PPO RTS  O PPO RTU NIS TS ? b ac k t o t o p 5 /1 9/2 017 M GM T314 ­  U neth ic al B ehavio rs  in  O rg aniz atio ns h ttp s://e dge.a pus.e du/a ccess/c onte nt/g ro up/b usin ess­c om mon/U niv ers al/M GM T/3 14/e lf/le sson­6 /e lf_ in dex.h tm l 4 /1 5 T h e d ip lo m at i s a l e ad er w ho i s m ore e asily i n flu e n ce d b y t h e p eo p le h e o r s h e w ork s w it h a n d t e n d s t o b eh ave i n w ays t h at o th ers a g re e i s a p pro p ria te . D ip lo m ats a re c o nsid ere d t o b e t e am p la ye rs . A cco rd in g t o R o oke a n d T o rb ert ( 2 005), d ip lo m ats a re l o ya l t o t h e g ro up o f p eo p le t h ey w ork w it h , a n d t h ey s e ek t o p le ase t h eir c o lle ag ue s w hile a vo id in g c o nflic t. T h ey s tr iv e t o g ain c o ntr o l o f t h eir o w n b eh avio r a n d a re n o t c o nce rn ed a b out g ain in g c o ntr o l o f t h e p eo p le a ro un d t h em o r e ve n ts . U nd er t h e l o g ic u se d b y a d ip lo m at, l e ad ers h ip i s a b out g ain in g a c ce p ta n ce a n d i n flu e n ce , a n d t h is i s d one b y b ein g c o op era tiv e w it h t h e o rg an iz a tio n’s n o rm s a n d b y p erfo rm in g d aily r o le s w ell. T yp es o f L e ad ers h ip R o le M od els : T h e D ip lo m at D EFIN IN G  A D IP LO M AT D IP LO M AT S  IN TE R AC TIN G W IT H  O TH ER S D IP LO M AT S  IN  S EN IO R L E AD ER SH IP  P O SIT IO NS T yp es o f L e ad ers h ip R o le M od els : T h e T e ch nic ia n T h e t e ch nic ia n , o r e xp ert, r e lie s o n d ata a n d a n aly sis t o m ake d ecis io ns a n d d ete rm in e h o w t o b eh ave . W heth er o r n o t t e ch nic ia n s b eh ave e th ic ally i s d ete rm in ed b y t h e r e su lt s o f t h e d ata a n d a n aly sis . A cco rd in g t o R o oke a n d T o rb ert ( 2 005), t h is t y p e o f l e ad er t r ie s t o c o ntr o l b oth h is o r h er p ro fe ssio nal a n d p ers o nal l iv e s t h ro ug h k n o w le d ge t h at i s a s p erfe ct a s p ossib le . S uch l e ad ers p la c e e xtr e m e i m porta n ce o n t h e a b ilit y t o p ra c tic e b ac k t o t o p 5 /1 9/2 017 M GM T314 ­  U neth ic al B ehavio rs  in  O rg aniz atio ns h ttp s://e dge.a pus.e du/a ccess/c onte nt/g ro up/b usin ess­c om mon/U niv ers al/M GM T/3 14/e lf/le sson­6 /e lf_ in dex.h tm l 5 /1 5 u n d is p uta b le t h in kin g . O nce t h ey a re c e rta in t h at t h eir d ata i s s o un d a n d t h ey c an o ffe r a n i r re fu ta b le a n aly sis , t h ey p re se n t t h is t o o th ers e xp ectin g t o g ain s u p port f o r t h eir i d eas. T e ch nic ia n s t e n d t o b e f o un d i n p ro fe ssio ns s u ch a s a c co un tin g , m ark e tin g , a n d s o ft w are e n g in eerin g .

T e ch nic ia n s v a lu e c o nsta n t i m pro ve m en t, e ffic ie n cy, a n d e xc e lle n ce . A s s u ch , a c co rd in g t o R o oke a n d T o rb ert ( 2 005), t h ey c an b e o uts ta n d in g i n d iv id ual c o ntr ib uto rs t o h elp a n o rg an iz a tio n s u cce ed . B ut a s l e ad ers , t h ey m ay b e p ro b le m atic b ecau se o nce t h ey d eve lo p t h eir d ata a n d a n aly sis , t h ey b eco m e c e rta in t h ey a re r ig ht a n d e xp ect o th ers t o d o e xa c tly w hat t h ey r e co m men d . T h ey d o n o t c o lla b ora te w it h o th ers . S in ce t h ey f e el t h ey a lr e ad y h ave t h e a n sw ers , t h ey f in d c o lla b ora tio n t o b e a n u n nece ssa ry p ro ce ss. I n a d dit io n, t h ey m ay r e g ard o th ers ’ o p in io ns a n d i n p ut w it h d is d ain .

T yp es o f L e ad ers h ip R o le M od els : T h e A ch ie ve r b ac k t o t o p 5 /1 9/2 017 M GM T314 ­  U neth ic al B ehavio rs  in  O rg aniz atio ns h ttp s://e dge.a pus.e du/a ccess/c onte nt/g ro up/b usin ess­c om mon/U niv ers al/M GM T/3 14/e lf/le sson­6 /e lf_ in dex.h tm l 6 /1 5 A ch ie ve rs a s l e ad ers f o cu s o n a c h ie vin g a n o rg an iz a tio n’s g oals . T h ey s tr iv e t o d o t h is b y a n y m ean s p ossib le s o i f t h e g oal c an b e a c co m plis h ed u sin g e th ic al m eth o d s, t h eir b eh avio r w ill b e e th ic al. L ik e w is e , i f u n eth ic al p ro ce sse s a re r e q uir e d t o a c h ie ve a g oal, t h eir b eh avio r w ill b e u n eth ic al. D EFIN IN G A C HIE VER S H O W  A C HIE VER S IN TE R AC T W IT H S U BO RDIN AT E S P O SIT IV E A SPEC TS  O F A C HIE VER S F o rm s o f P o w er U se d b y L e ad ers L e ad ers d eriv e p ow er f r o m d if fe re n t s o urc e s, a n d e ac h s o urc e o f p ow er c an b e u se d i n d if fe re n t w ays. L e t’ s l o ok a t f iv e o f t h ese f o rm s o f p ow er— le g it im ate , r e w ard , c o erc iv e , r e fe re n t, a n d e xp ert. ‹   1 / 5   › b ac k t o t o p 5 /1 9/2 017 M GM T314 ­  U neth ic al B ehavio rs  in  O rg aniz atio ns h ttp s://e dge.a pus.e du/a ccess/c onte nt/g ro up/b usin ess­c om mon/U niv ers al/M GM T/3 14/e lf/le sson­6 /e lf_ in dex.h tm l 7 /1 5 L e g it im ate p ow er e m an ate s f r o m a l e ad er’s p osit io n a n d t it le . F o r e xa m ple , t h e c h ie f e xe cu tiv e o ffic e r o f a n o rg an iz a tio n h as p ow er a n d f o rm al a u th o rit y o ve r t h e o rg an iz a tio n’s s ta ff a n d a c tiv it ie s s im ply b ecau se h e o r s h e i s t h e C EO . L e g it im ate p ow er i s l in ke d t o a n i n d iv id ual’ s p osit io n s o i f t h e l e ad er l o se s t h e p osit io n, h e o r s h e w ill l o se t h e p ow er t h at i s a sso cia te d w it h i t . W it h l e g it im ate p ow er, s u b ord in ate s c o m ply w it h t h e l e ad er’s d ir e ctiv e s b ecau se t h ey t h in k t h e l e ad er’s p osit io n g iv e s h im o r h er t h e a u th o rit y t o i s su e d ir e ctiv e s.

L ik e w is e , t h ey f e el t h at a s s u b ord in ate s, t h ey h ave a r e sp onsib ilit y t o c o m ply ( Y ukl 2 006, 1 4 8-1 4 9). L e ad ers h ip S ty le s: A uth o rit a ria n L e ad ers h ip c an b e p ra c tic e d m an y d if fe re n t w ays. S ch o la rs h ave i d en tif ie d s e ve ra l s ty le s t h at a re c o m monly u se d .

T h is l e sso n w ill c o ve r t h re e— au th o rit a ria n , p artic ip ato ry , a n d s it u atio nal. A s t h is l e sso n w ill e xp la in , t h e s it u atio nal l e ad ers h ip s ty le h as v a rio us a sp ects a n d c an b e p ra c tic e d i n d if fe re n t w ays d ep en d in g o n t h e s it u atio n.

F ir s t, l e t’ s l o ok a t t h e a u th o rit a ria n s ty le o f l e ad ers h ip . W HAT  D EFIN ES A U TH O RIT A R IA N  L E AD ER SH IP ? H O W  D O  A U TH O RIT A R IA N  L E AD ER S IN TE R AC T W IT H  S U BO RDIN AT E S? b ac k t o t o p 5 /1 9/2 017 M GM T314 ­  U neth ic al B ehavio rs  in  O rg aniz atio ns h ttp s://e dge.a pus.e du/a ccess/c onte nt/g ro up/b usin ess­c om mon/U niv ers al/M GM T/3 14/e lf/le sson­6 /e lf_ in dex.h tm l 8 /1 5 L e ad ers h ip S ty le s: P artic ip ato ry T h e p artic ip ato ry l e ad ers h ip s ty le i s a m ore d em ocra tic a p pro ac h t o l e ad ers h ip b ecau se s u b ord in ate s a re g iv e n a s m uch o p portu n it y a s p ossib le t o p ro vid e i n p ut i n to t h e w ork p ro ce sse s a n d t o p artic ip ate i n d ecis io n m akin g . T h e d eve lo p m en t o f t h is l e ad ers h ip s ty le w as i n flu e n ce d b y t h e w ork o f D oug la s M cG re g or ( 1 9 87), w ho d eve lo p ed T h eo ry X a n d T h eo ry Y . M cG re g or ( 1 9 87) a rg ue d t h at l e ad ers w ho p ra c tic e T h eo ry X t h in k t h e a ve ra g e s u b ord in ate f in d s w ork d is ta ste fu l a n d m ake s e ve ry e ffo rt t o a vo id i t . A cco rd in g t o T h eo ry X , l e ad ers m ust c o erc e , c o ntr o l, a n d e ve n t h re ate n s u b ord in ate s t o m otiv a te t h em t o w ork . U nd er t h is t h eo ry , l e ad ers t h in k a ve ra g e s u b ord in ate s a vo id r e sp onsib ilit y a s m uch a s p ossib le a n d h ave l im it e d a m bit io n. W hen t h ey h o ld a j o b , t h eir t o p p rio rit y i s s e cu rit y , a n d l e ad ers m ust p ro vid e c o nsta n t i n str u ctio ns a n d m otiv a tio n t o e n su re t h ey k e ep w ork in g . ‹   1 / 2   › b ac k t o t o p 5 /1 9/2 017 M GM T314 ­  U neth ic al B ehavio rs  in  O rg aniz atio ns h ttp s://e dge.a pus.e du/a ccess/c onte nt/g ro up/b usin ess­c om mon/U niv ers al/M GM T/3 14/e lf/le sson­6 /e lf_ in dex.h tm l 9 /1 5 L e ad ers h ip S ty le s: S it u atio nal U nd er t h e s it u atio nal l e ad ers h ip m od el, l e ad ers s h o uld t a ke a c o ntin g en cy a p pro ac h t o l e ad ers h ip , l o okin g f o r t h e m ost s u it a b le w ays t o m eet t h eir s u b ord in ate s’ n eed s a s w ell a s s a tis fy t h e r e q uir e m en ts o f d if fe re n t w ork s it u atio ns.

A s n eed ed , l e ad ers s h o uld a d ap t t h eir l e ad ers h ip s ty le t o a d dre ss c h an g es i n t h e w ork p la c e .

T o a c h ie ve t h is , s c h o la rs H ers e y a n d B la n ch ard a rg ue t h at l e ad ers s h o uld e m plo y b oth d ir e ctiv e a n d s u p portiv e b eh avio rs a s t h ey w ork w it h t h eir s u b ord in ate s. D IR EC TIV E B EH AV IO R S U PPO RTIV E B EH AV IO R T h e t y p e o f b eh avio r, d ir e ctiv e o r s u p portiv e , t o b e u se d i n a g iv e n s it u atio n i s d ete rm in ed b y s u b ord in ate s’ m atu rit y l e ve ls ( Jo hnso n a n d J o hnso n 2 009, 1 9 8).

M ore o n S it u atio nal L e ad ers h ip S ty le A s t h ey u se e it h er d ir e ctiv e o r s u p portiv e b eh avio r i n d ealin g w it h s u b ord in ate s, s it u atio nal l e ad ers a ls o h ave d if fe re n t l e ad ers h ip s ty le s t h at t h ey c an u se . T h is l e sso n d is c u sse s f o ur o f t h em — dir e ctin g , s e llin g /co ac h in g , p artic ip atin g /su p portin g , a n d d ele g atin g . ‹   1 / 4   › b ac k t o t o p 5 /1 9/2 017 M GM T314 ­  U neth ic al B ehavio rs  in  O rg aniz atio ns h ttp s://e dge.a pus.e du/a ccess/c onte nt/g ro up/b usin ess­c om mon/U niv ers al/M GM T/3 14/e lf/le sson­6 /e lf_ in dex.h tm l 1 0/1 5 D ir e ctiv e – W hen l e ad ers u se t h e d ir e ctiv e s ty le , t h ey p ra c tic e h ig h d ir e ctiv e b eh avio rs a n d l o w s u p portiv e b eh avio rs . T h ey a re f o cu se d o n t h e t a sk a n d e n su rin g t h at i s i t c o m ple te d . T h ey g iv e s u b ord in ate s s p ecif ic i n str u ctio ns a b out t a sk s, i n clu d in g e xp ecta tio ns f o r w hat t h ey s h o uld a c co m plis h , h o w t h ey s h o uld d o t h e w ork , a n d t h e d ead lin es t h ey m ust m eet. T h e l e ad er d oes a ll p la n nin g a n d a ssig nin g o f t h e w ork , m onit o rs p ro g re ss, a n d f o llo w s u p a s n eed ed t o c la rif y e xp ecta tio ns. T h e d ir e ctiv e l e ad ers h ip s ty le i s u se d m ost c o m monly i n l a w e n fo rc e m en t a n d t h e m ilit a ry . I t a ls o w ork s w ell w hen w ork in g w it h s u b ord in ate s w ho h ave l it tle o r n o e xp erie n ce a n d n eed m ore d ir e ctio n t h at m ore m atu re s u b ord in ate s. E m plo ye e E ng ag em en t H avin g e m plo ye es w ho a re e n g ag ed a n d f e el c o m mit te d t o t h eir j o b s a n d o rg an iz a tio ns i s a n i m porta n t p art o f c re atin g a n e th ic al o rg an iz a tio nal c u lt u re . W hen e m plo ye es a re n o t e n g ag ed a n d h ave l it tle o r n o l o ya lt y t o t h eir j o b s a n d o rg an iz a tio ns, t h ey a re m ore l ik e ly t o p ra c tic e u n eth ic al b eh avio r. H ow d o e m plo ye rs m otiv a te e m plo ye es t o b e e n g ag ed ? H YG IE N E F A C TO RS M OTIV ATO R F A C TO RS M aslo w ’s H ie ra rc h y o f N eed s b ac k t o t o p 5 /1 9/2 017 M GM T314 ­  U neth ic al B ehavio rs  in  O rg aniz atio ns h ttp s://e dge.a pus.e du/a ccess/c onte nt/g ro up/b usin ess­c om mon/U niv ers al/M GM T/3 14/e lf/le sson­6 /e lf_ in dex.h tm l 1 1 /1 5 P h ysio lo g ic al N eed s – T h e f ir s t l e ve l o f n eed s a re b asic , c o ve rin g t h e t h in g s t h at i n d iv id uals n eed t o s u rv iv e . T h ese n eed s i n clu d e o xyg en t o b re ath e, f o od a n d w ate r f o r n o uris h m en t, s le ep t o r e n ew t h e b od y, a n d s h elt e r f o r p ro te ctio n. I n t h e w ork p la c e , t h ese n eed s a re m et b y p ro vid in g b re aks w hile o n t h e j o b s o e m plo ye es c an r e st a n d e at. T h ese n eed s a ls o a re m et b y p ro vid in g a s a tis fa c to ry s a la ry t h at e n ab le s e m plo ye es t o p urc h ase f o od a n d s h elt e r. T o f u rth er u n d ers ta n d w hat m otiv a te s e m plo ye es, i n clu d in g t h eir n eed s r e g ard in g w ork , i t i s b en efic ia l t o u n d ers ta n d M aslo w ’s H ie ra rc h y o f N eed s. A s M aslo w e xp la in ed , e ve ry i n d iv id ual h as f iv e c ate g orie s o f n eed s. ‹   1 / 5   › L e sso n O ve rv ie w b ac k t o t o p 5 /1 9/2 017 M GM T314 ­  U neth ic al B ehavio rs  in  O rg aniz atio ns h ttp s://e dge.a pus.e du/a ccess/c onte nt/g ro up/b usin ess­c om mon/U niv ers al/M GM T/3 14/e lf/le sson­6 /e lf_ in dex.h tm l 1 2/1 5 T o b e a n e ffe ctiv e l e ad er, i t i s i m porta n t t o u n d ers ta n d t h e d if fe re n t t y p es o f l e ad ers h ip s ty le s a n d w hic h a re m ost e ffe ctiv e i n d if fe re n t w ork s e ttin g s.

E m plo ye e e n g ag em en t i s a ls o i m porta n t t o e n su re t h at e m plo ye es f e el i m porta n t a n d a re m otiv a te d t o c o ntr ib ute t o t h e o rg an iz a tio n i n a n e th ic al w ay. K no w le d ge C heck G era ld i s a l e ad er w ho i s t o ta lly f o cu se d o n e n su rin g t h at h is o rg an iz a tio n a c co m plis h es i t s g oals a n d o b je ctiv e s. U su ally , G era ld t r ie s t o p ra c tic e e th ic al b eh avio r a s h e d oes h is w ork , b ut h e’s n o t a fr a id t o b e a r is k t a ke r, e ve n b en d in g t h e r u le s i f n eed ed t o a c h ie ve a g oal. H e a ls o d oes n o t p artic u la rly c are w hat o th ers t h in k o f h im , a lt h o ug h h e d oes t r y t o f o ste r a c arin g w ork e n vir o nm en t, s tr iv in g t o e m pow er h is s u b ord in ate s. W hat t y p e o f l e ad er i s G era ld ?

V ir g in ia i s w ork in g w it h a g ro up o f y o un g p eo p le w ho r e ce n tly g ra d uate d f r o m c o lle g e a n d a re h o ld in g t h eir f ir s t j o b s a s p ro fe ssio nals . V ir g in ia w an ts t o h elp t h ese i n d iv id uals l e arn a n d g ro w a s D ip lo m at A ch ie ve r T e ch nic ia n A uth o rit a ria n b ac k t o t o p 5 /1 9/2 017 M GM T314 ­  U neth ic al B ehavio rs  in  O rg aniz atio ns h ttp s://e dge.a pus.e du/a ccess/c onte nt/g ro up/b usin ess­c om mon/U niv ers al/M GM T/3 14/e lf/le sson­6 /e lf_ in dex.h tm l 1 3/1 5 m uch a s p ossib le o n t h e j o b . T o a c h ie ve t h is , w hic h l e ad ers h ip s ty le s h o uld V ir g in ia u se ?

C onra d i s t h e m an ag er o f a g ro up o f b aris ta s a t a l o cal c o ffe e s h o p . M ost o f t h e b aris ta s a re y o un g , w it h l it tle p re vio us j o b e xp erie n ce . C onra d f e els t h at t h e b est w ay t o m otiv a te t h em a n d e n su re t h ey d o t h eir w ork s a tis fa c to rily t o h im i s t o p un is h t h em w hen h e d oes n o t l ik e t h eir w ork . H e w it h ho ld s t ip s, r e fu se s t o l e t t h em h ave t im e o ff, a n d p uts t h em o n b ath ro om d uty i f h e i s d is p le ase d w it h a n y a sp ect o f t h eir w ork . W hat t y p e o f p ow er i s C onra d u sin g t o d eal w it h t h e b aris ta s? M arth a l e ad s a g ro up o f e m plo ye es w ho t y p ic ally d o t h e b are m in im um t o g et t h eir j o b s d one. T h ey t e n d t o c o m e t o w ork l a te a n d o ft e n l e ave e arly , a n d t h ey h ave v e ry l it tle e n th usia sm f o r t h eir w ork .

M arth a k n o w s t h at e m plo ye es n eed t o b e s a tis fie d w it h t h eir w ork b efo re t h ey w ill e n jo y t h eir j o b s.

M arth a a ls o k n o w s t h at h er s ta ff i s u n d erp aid c o m pare d t o i n d ustr y s ta n d ard s f o r p ay r a te s, a n d t h ey r e ce iv e n o b en efit s . M arth a t h in ks t h at t h is i s su e n eed s t o b e a d dre sse d b efo re s h e c an i n still a s e n se o f c o m mit m en t t o t h e w ork i n h er s ta ff. T o a c h ie ve t h is , w hat w ill M arth a f o cu s o n a s s h e a tte m pts t o i m pro ve t h e w ork s it u atio n f o r h er s ta ff? D ele g atin g P artic ip atin g a n d S up portin g D ir e ctiv e L e ad ers h ip S ty le S ellin g a n d C oac h in g C oerc iv e p ow er E xp ert P o w er R e fe re n t p ow er R e w ard p ow er b ac k t o t o p 5 /1 9/2 017 M GM T314 ­  U neth ic al B ehavio rs  in  O rg aniz atio ns h ttp s://e dge.a pus.e du/a ccess/c onte nt/g ro up/b usin ess­c om mon/U niv ers al/M GM T/3 14/e lf/le sson­6 /e lf_ in dex.h tm l 1 4/1 5 K ey T e rm s: A C HIE VER S A U TH O RIT A R IA N , O R A U TO CRAT IC , L E AD ER SH IP C O ER CIV E P O W ER D ELE G AT IN G D IP LO M AT D IR EC TIV E B EH AV IO R D IR EC TIV E L E AD ER SH IP  S TY LE E XPER T P O W ER H YG IE N E F A C TO RS L E G IT IM AT E  P O W ER M OTIV ATO R F A C TO RS O PPO RTU NIS TS M otiv a to r F ac to rs L e g it im ate P o w er H yg ie n e F ac to rs P h ysio lo g ic al N eed s b ac k t o t o p 5 /1 9/2 017 M GM T314 ­  U neth ic al B ehavio rs  in  O rg aniz atio ns h ttp s://e dge.a pus.e du/a ccess/c onte nt/g ro up/b usin ess­c om mon/U niv ers al/M GM T/3 14/e lf/le sson­6 /e lf_ in dex.h tm l 1 5/1 5 P A R TIC IP AT IN G  A N D S U PPO RTIN G P A R TIC IP ATO RY L E AD ER SH IP  S TY LE P H YSIO LO GIC AL N EED S R EFE R EN T P O W ER R EW AR D P O W ER S AFE TY  N EED S S ELF ­A C TU ALIZ AT IO N S ELF ­E STE EM  N EED S S ELLIN G  A N D C O AC HIN G S O CIA L N EED S S U PPO RTIV E B EH AV IO R T E C HNIC IA N T O NE A T  T H E T O P W ork s C it e d :

A sso cia tio n o f C ertif ie d F ra u d E xa m in ers . “ T o ne a t t h e T o p : H ow M an ag em en t C an P re ve n t F ra u d i n t h e W ork p la c e .” A cce sse d o n-lin e J u n e 6 , 2 016 , a t h ttp :/ /w ww.a c fe .c o m /u p lo ad ed File s/ A C FE _W eb sit e /C onte n t/ d ocu m en ts / to ne-a t-t h e-t o p -r e se arc h .p df. J o hnso n, D avid W . a n d F ra n k P . J o hnso n. 2 009. G ro up T h eo ry a n d G ro up S kills , T e n th E d it io n. U pper S ad dle R iv e r, N ew J e rs e y: P e ars o n E d ucatio n, I n c. M cG re g or, D oug la s M urra y. 1 9 87. “ T h e H um an S id e o f E nte rp ris e ,” i n C la ssic s o f P u b lic A dm in is tr a tio n, S eco nd E d it io n, 2 56-2 62. P ac if ic G ro ve , C alif o rn ia : B ro oks/ C ole P u b lis h in g C om pan y. b ac k t o t o p