Addition to Assignment

Research Proposal Method Section:

Tonia Joseph-Armstrong

Class – PSYC 8202

Institution affiliation:

Date:

METHOD SECTION

Context of the study

This study will be conducted in the organization which is the most appropriate because it consists of a social unit of people that is structured and managed to meet a need or to pursue collective goals. This research proposal concerns about employee involvement in the achievements of the organization through motivation, training and interaction of employees and the management of the organization. Therefore, organization is the best context for this study. The research will be carried out across all the departments of the organization by utilizing an appropriate representative number of employees so that to obtain data which depicts the real situation of the organization under consideration.

Participants/Sample

The participants in this study are the employees. A sample size of participants will be determined by utilizing Fischer’s formula which can be represented as;

n = z2pq/d2

Where;

n = desired sample size (target pop ≥ 100)

z = Standard normal deviant at the required confidence level (1.96)

p = The proportion in the target population estimated to have particular characteristics being measured (50%).

q =1-p = 1-0.5 = 0.5

d = precision level set at 5% = 0.05

p =50%

n = {(1.96)2(0.5) (0.5)}/ 0.052 = 384.14

For purposive of expenses and convenience, the researcher decided to work with 10% of the desired population and used half of n (0.5n)

Since our sample size is 384.14, now working with 10% of half sample size will give a new sample size which can be calculated as;

10% of 0.5 n = 0.1 * (0.5 * 384.14) = 19.507 ≈ 20 participants

Rounding off the sample size to the nearest tens will give 20 as a sample size. Therefore, a sample size of 20 participants will be utilized in carrying out the research.

The participants will be selected randomly without any biasness irrespective of sex or gender where gender balance will be considered i.e. at least 30% of the representative sample should be female. The participants will be selected across all the ethnic groups and socioeconomic status without any biasness. The level of precision and the confidence level will be considered where the sample size will have a 5% level of precision and a confidence level of 95%.

Measures and Materials

The measure which will be utilized to collect data will involve use of questionnaires mainly semi-structured ones. The main advantages of this measure is that it will be time saving, economical and easy to analyze. Each of the 20 participants will be issued with one questionnaire. The participants will fill his/her response on the questionnaire. The confidentiality and anonymity of the participant being taken care of by simply not allowing them to write their names on the questionnaire. The materials which will be used by participants are paper which contains the questionnaire and a pen for filling the responses on the questionnaire.

Procedure and Protocol

The first step will be selecting a research topic which will involve identifying an area of interest which will be an organization in this case. The question of concern is “How likely are bosses willing to choose, provide employment or groom, training as well as extra resources to those workers who are actually deemed as per roles of leadership who have or developed a disability?”

After selecting the research topic, a research problem will be identified. The researcher will identify specific problems or questions that relate to the subject. The researcher may be familiar with subject and may already know the problem they want to research. If the researcher is new to the topic, it may be helpful to examine literature and previous studies, as well as talk to other researchers. The problem selected should be important to the field and be of significance to others in the discipline.

A literature will then be conducted as the next step. Once the research problem is identified, a literature search will be conducted. It will be helpful because it will assist in knowing which studies have been performed, the designs, the instruments used, the procedures and the findings.

After that, a hypothesis will be formulated. In this step, the researcher will state the research question as a hypothesis. This provides the basis for all other decisions in the process and therefore, it is a critical step. The null hypothesis (H0) and the alternative hypothesis (H1) will be formulated.

The next step will be determining the design of the research. The researcher will review the hypothesis and verify that an experimental design is the appropriate research design needed to answer the question.

The research methods will then be determined. In this step, the researcher will identify and plan the details necessary to conduct the research. This includes identifying the test subjects, materials, data collection instruments and methods, and the procedures for the conducting the research.

The determination of the research methods will be followed by conduction of the research and testing of the hypothesis. The hypothesis will be tested using T-test. Therefore, in each case, a T-test will be performed to determine the difference in means, and if the calculated p-value is less than 0.05 Ho will be rejected and H1 accepted, but if the calculated p-value is more than 0.05, then Ho will be accepted and H1 rejected.

Finally, the data will be analyzed and conclusions formulated. The data will be reviewed and determined if it confirms or disproves the hypothesis.

Ethical Procedures

The researcher will consider ultimate privacy and confidentiality of the gathered information from the participants. Anonymity concerning identities of the participants will be protected by advising them not to write their names on the questionnaires. Consent will be sought from the participants and clear explanation about the objectives of the study will be provided to them before withdrawing any information from them.

The researcher will obtain permission from relevant authorities before carrying out the study. In this case, the permission will be obtained from the management of the organization. The researcher will write a formal letter to the management of the organization and the study will only be carried out when the management corresponds back by also writing a letter.

Data Analyses

The approach which will be utilized in data analysis is qualitative data analysis where grouped data will be analyzed using statistical methods. For this case, the null hypothesis and alternative hypothesis can be formulated as follows.

H0: Socio-demographic factors have no impacts on the employee’s trust, commitment and performance in the organization.

H1: Socio-demographic factors have impacts on the employee’s trust, commitment and performance in the organization

The null and alternative hypothesis will be tested by using T-test at 95% confidence level using sample means & probability density curves. The null hypothesis will be rejected if the calculated p-value is less than 0.05.

Collected data was analyzed using descriptive statistical analysis method. The researcher in the study will get the findings from the description of variables in the study in relation to other variables.

The outcome of data analysis will provide a basis for either rejecting the null hypothesis and accepting the alternative analysis based on the results obtained. Therefore, the research hypothesis is expected to be supported based on the research findings after analysis.

Dissemination of Findings

The findings of this study will be made available to the management of the organization & local community at large. This dissemination of findings is aimed at creating an awareness of the significance of involving employees in the affairs of the organization through motivation and decision making process. The findings will be made available to the respective audience through newspaper articles and academic journals.

References

Potocki, K. A., & Brocato, R. C. (1995). A system of management for organizational improvement. Johns Hopkins apl technical digest, 16(4), 403.

Punch, K. F. (1998). Introduction to Social Research – Quantitative and Qualitative Approaches. London, Sage.

Steneck, N. H., & Scheetz, M. D. (2002). Investigating Research Integrity. Proceedings of the First ORI Research Conference on Research Integrity. Retrieved from https://ori.hhs.gov/documents/proceedings_rri.pdf