Capstone Project!!

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ABSTRACT………………………………………………………………………….ii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS………………………………………………………….iv

TABLE OF CONTENTS……………………………………………………………v

LIST OF TABLES…………………………………………………………………...ix

LIST OF GRAPHS…………………………………………………………………...x

LIST OF FIGURES………………………………………………………………….xi

ACRONYMS……………………………………………………………………….xii

CHAPTER 1 - CAFO Development and History …………………………….1

Section 1.1 Introduction……………………………………………………1

Section 1.2 Classification of CAFOs……………………………………...1

Section 1.3 CAFO Growth………………………………………………...3

Section 1.4 International Expansion of CAFOs……………………………8

CHAPTER 2 - Government Regulations and Programs……………………..10

Section 2.1 Air Regulations………………………………………………10

Section 2.2 Water Regulations……………………………………………11

Section 2.3 Regulation Issues……………………………………………..12

Section 2.4 Government Subsidies………………………………………..13

CHAPTER 3 - Waste Management Practices………………………………...15

Section 3.1 Manure Management…………………………………………15

Section 3.2 Interstate Relations…………………………………………...19

Section 3.3 Spread of Contamination in Ohio Related to…………………21 Manure Management

CHAPTER 4 - Environmental Impacts / Issues………………………………23

Section 4.1 Introduction…………………………………………………..23

Section 4.2 Pollutants of Concern………………………………………...23

Section 4.3 Rural Property Value Losses…………………………………28

Section 4.4 Antibiotic Resistant Pathogens……………………………….29

Section 4.5 Bacteria……………………………………………………….29

Section 4.6 Biodiversity…………………………………………………..29

Section 4.7 Greenhouse Gases…………………………………………….30

Section 4.8 Air Pollution Sources / Issues………………………………...31

Section 4.9 Water Pollution Sources / Issues……………………………..33

CHAPTER 5 - Human Health Issues…………………………………………38

Section 5.1 Introduction…………………………………………………..38

Section 5.2 Impacts to Man……………………………………………….38

Section 5.3 Air and Water Health Impacts………………………………..41

CHAPTER 6 - Human Health Effects………………………………………..43

Section 6.1 Introduction…………………………………………………..43

Section 6.2 Documentation of Human Health Effects………….. ………..47

Section 6.3 Direct Links to Human Health Effects From…………………47 Air Pollutants

Section 6.4 Direct Links to Human Health Effects From…………………49 Water Pollutants

Section 6.5 Indirect Links to Environmental Impacts or Human…………51 Health Effects

Section 6.6 Measurement Studies That Identified Environmental………..51 Impacts

Section 6.7 No Link Impact Studies ………….…………………………..52

Section 6.8 Detailed Study That Identified CAFO Pollutants……………..52 With Fatalities

Section 6.9 Additional Air Studies With Links to CAFO…………………53 Pollutants

Section 6.10 Additional Water Studies With Links to CAFO………………55 Pollutants

Section 6.11 Additional Health Impacts From Pollutants……………………57 Linked to Animal Wastes

CHAPTER 7 - Summary/Conclusions…………………………………………59

Section 7.1 Restated Hypothesis…………………………………………...59

Section 7.2 Conclusion……………………………………………………..59

Section 7.3 Recommendations……………………………………………..60

APPENDIX A………………………………………………………………………....62

BIBLIOGRAPHY……………………………………………………………………..65