BUS 372 wk 2 assignment (Creating a timeline table)(DO NOT CHANGE THE PRICE) IF YOU DO I WILL NOT SEND A HANDSHAKE.

Employee and Labor Relations A Practical Guide Gwen Seaquist Ithaca College sea81813_00_fm_i-xviii.indd 1 12/11/14 1:09 PM Gwen Seaquist Employee and Labor Relations: A Practical Guide Editor in Chief, AVP: Steve Wainwright Sponsoring Editor: Greer Lleuad Development Editors: Leah Mori and Carrie Brandt Assistant Editor: Jaime Anderson Editorial Assistant: Teresa Bdzil Production Editor: Lauren LePera Senior Product Manager: Pamela H. Fox Cover Design: Michelle Tippett Printing Services: Bordeaux Production Services: Lachina Permission Editor : Sheri Gilbert Cover Image: .Alinari Archives/CORBIS ISBN-10: 1-62178-181-X ISBN-13: 978-1-62178-181-3 Copyright . 2015 Bridgepoint Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

GRANT OF PERMISSION TO PRINT: The copyright owner of this material hereby grants the holder of this publica - tion the right to print these materials for personal use. The holder of this material may print the materials herein for personal use only. Any print, reprint, reproduction or distribution of these materials for commercial use without the express written consent of the copyright owner constitutes a violation of the U.S. Copyright Act, 17 U.S.C.

§§ 101-810, as amended. sea81813_00_fm_i-xviii.indd 2 12/11/14 1:09 PM Brief Contents Chapter 1: Introduction to the Study of Labor Relations . . .1 Chapter 2: An Overview of Labor History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25 Chapter 3: The Rise of Legal Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47 Chapter 4: Representation Elections Under the National Labor Relations Act . . . . . . . . . . . . .71 Chapter 5: The Rights of Employees Under the National Labor Relations Act . . . . . . . . . . . . .97 Chapter 6: Public Sector Unions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 Chapter 7: At the Bargaining Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 Chapter 8: Grievances, Mediation, and Arbitration . . . . . 169 Chapter 9: The 21st Century and the Changing Face of Unions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193 Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223 sea81813_00_fm_i-xviii.indd 3 12/11/14 1:09 PM sea81813_00_fm_i-xviii.indd 4 12/11/14 1:09 PM Preface xiii About the Author xv Acknowledgments xvii Chapter 1 Introduction to the Study of Labor Relations 1 Introduction 2 1 .1 Union Membership 2 1 .2 The Three Main Players in Labor Relations 5 The Government 5 Labor Unions 8 Management and Employers 10 1 .3 Introduction to Unionization 11 Collective Bargaining 12 Reasons Why Workers Unionize 13 Management Beliefs About Unionization 14 1 .4 Types of Unions and Union Structures 15 Craft Versus Industrial Unions 16 Public Versus Private Unions 16 Local Versus National Unions 17 Nonunion Organizations 19 Summary & Resources 20 Summary of Chapter Concepts 20 Key Terms 20 Critical Thinking Questions 23 Research Projects 23 Chapter 2 An Overview of Labor History 25 Introduction 26 2 .1 Initial View of Unions as Illegal 27 Commonwealth v. Pullis (1806) 27 Commonwealth v. Hunt (1846) 28 Contents sea81813_00_fm_i-xviii.indd 5 12/11/14 1:09 PM 2 .2 Early Labor Unions 29 The National Labor Union (1866–1874) 30 The Great Railway Strike (1877) 30 The Knights of Labor (1869–1940s) 32 Federation of Organized Trades and Labor Unions (1881–1886) 34 The American Federation of Labor and Samuel Gompers (1886–Present as the AFL-CIO) 34 2 .3 Growth of Industry and Worker Unrest 36 The Rise of Steel and the Homestead Strike (1892) 36 The Early 20th Century and the Lawrence Textile Strike of 1912 39 Summary & Resources 43 Summary of Chapter Concepts 43 Key Terms 43 Critical Thinking Questions 45 Research Projects 45 Chapter 3 The Rise of Legal Protection 47 Introduction 48 3 .1 Impeding Union Activity 48 Yellow Dog Contracts 48 Injunctions 48 Antitrust Legislation 50 3 .2 Turning the Tide Toward Labor 52 The Railway Labor Act of 1926 52 Norris-LaGuardia Act of 1932 53 The National Industrial Recovery Act of 1933 54 The National Labor Relations Act of 1935 (the Wagner Act) 55 3 .3 Post–World War II Developments in Labor Relations 57 The Labor Management Relations Act of 1947: Taft-Hartley 57 Landrum-Griffin Act of 1959 59 Merger of the AFL and CIO, 1955 60 The Kennedy Administration, Federal Organizing, and Civil Rights (1960–1963) 61 3 .4 The End of the 20th Century 62 Cesar Chavez and the National Farm Workers Association 62 Other Coalitions 63 Wins and Losses 64 Contents sea81813_00_fm_i-xviii.indd 6 12/11/14 1:09 PM Contents Summary & Resources 65 Summary of Chapter Concepts 65 Key Terms 66 Critical Thinking Questions 68 Case Feature 68 Research Projects 70 Chapter 4 Representation Elections Under the National Labor Relations Act 71 Introduction 72 4 .1 How Unions Are Formed Under the NLRA 72 Defining Employees 72 Forming a Community of Interest 74 Signing Authorization Cards 75 Filing the Petition With the NLRB 76 The NLRB Investigation 78 The Voting Process 79 Union Representation Without an Election 80 The Union Becomes the Exclusive Bargaining Agent 81 4 .2 Unfair Labor Practices by Employers: Coercion, Interrogation, and Surveillance 82 Employee Coercion 82 Interrogation 84 Surveillance of Employees 86 4 .3 Unfair Labor Practices by Employers: Regulating Solicitation, Moving the Workplace, and Captive Audience Meetings 88 Regulating Solicitation 88 Closing a Plant, Moving a Plant, or Firing Employees to Avoid Unionization 90 Holding Meetings Before an Election 92 4 .4 Undue Union Interference 93 4 .5 The Use of Labor Relations Consultants 93 Summary & Resources 94 Summary of Chapter Concepts 94 Key Terms 95 Critical Thinking Questions 96 Research Project 96 sea81813_00_fm_i-xviii.indd 7 12/11/14 1:09 PM Chapter 5 The Rights of Employees Under the National Labor Relations Act 97 Introduction 98 5 .1 Section 7 Rights 98 The Right to Self-Organize and to Form, Join, or Assist Labor Organizations 98 Concerted Activity on the Internet 100 The Right to Strike, Boycott, and Hot Cargo Agreements 102 The Right to Engage in Collective Bargaining 104 How the Right to Refrain From Activity Is Related to Security Agreements and Right-to-Work States 104 5 .2 Employers’ Unfair Labor Practices 106 Interfering With, Restraining, or Coercing Employees 106 Domination 107 Recognizing the Wrong Bargaining Representative 107 5 .3 Unfair Labor Practices of Labor Organizations 108 Restraint and Coercion of Employees 108 The Rights of Unions and Employers 109 Discrimination Is Prohibited 109 Bargaining in Good Faith 110 5 .4 The National Labor Relations Board 110 Jurisdiction of the NLRB 111 Structure of the NLRB 111 Resolving Unfair Labor Practices 114 Alternative Dispute Resolution Program 118 Summary & Resources 118 Summary of Chapter Concepts 118 Key Terms 119 Critical Thinking Questions 121 Research Projects 121 Chapter 6 Public Sector Unions 123 Introduction 124 6 .1 A Brief History of Public Unions 124 sea81813_00_fm_i-xviii.indd 8 12/11/14 1:09 PM Contents 6 .2 Public Sector Unions Versus Private Sector Unions 126 Freedom From Market Forces 126 Flexibility 127 Political Impact 127 Economic Impact 128 Pensions 129 Union Security Clauses 130 Decreased Efficiency and Responsiveness 131 Strikes 131 6 .3 Legal Issues of Public Sector Unions 132 Federal Law Governing Federal Sector Unions 132 State Public Sector Unions 135 6 .4 The Future of Public Sector Unions 139 Summary & Resources 139 Summary of Chapter Concepts 139 Key Terms 140 Critical Thinking Questions 142 Research Projects 142 Chapter 7 At the Bargaining Table 143 Introduction 144 7 .1 Collective Bargaining 144 The Principle of Exclusive Representation 145 Procedures for Bargaining 146 Subjects of Bargaining 147 7 .2 The Collective Bargaining Process 149 Prior to Negotiations 150 Negotiations 158 The Collective Bargaining Agreement 158 7 .3 Impasse 159 Impasse as an Unfair Labor Practice 160 Impasse With Unilateral Action 160 Impasse With Strikes and Lockouts 161 7 .4 Role of the Federal Mediation & Conciliation Service 164 sea81813_00_fm_i-xviii.indd 9 12/11/14 1:09 PM Contents Summary & Resources 165 Summary of Chapter Concepts 165 Key Terms 166 Critical Thinking Questions 166 Research Projects 167 Chapter 8 Grievances, Mediation, and Arbitration 169 Introduction 170 8 .1 Dispute Resolution 170 Grievance Procedure 171 Grievance Processes and Possible Employment Relationships 171 The Role of the Union Steward in Grievance Resolution 176 8 .2 Negotiations 178 8 .3 Mediation 178 8 .4 Arbitration 180 Grievance Arbitration 181 Interest or Contract Arbitration 187 Union Fees Arbitration 188 8 .5 Careers in Dispute Resolution 188 Mediators 188 Arbitrators 188 Labor Organizer 189 Summary & Resources 190 Summary of Chapter Concepts 190 Key Terms 191 Critical Thinking Questions 192 Research Project 192 Chapter 9 The 21st Century and the Changing Face of Unions 193 Introduction 194 9 .1 Globalization 194 Globalization and Transnational Corporations 194 Transnational Collective Bargaining 196 Global Unions 197 Treaties 198 sea81813_00_fm_i-xviii.indd 10 12/11/14 1:09 PM Contents 9 .2 Changing Social Attitudes Toward Labor 199 9 .3 Labor Organizations in the 21st Century 199 Collaborative Models 199 Alternative Labor Organizations 202 Ground-Up Organizations 204 Same Union, Better Organization 204 Organizing the Nontradable Sector 206 Organizing Undocumented Workers 206 Summary & Resources 207 Summary of Chapter Concepts 207 Key Terms 208 Critical Thinking Questions 209 Research Project 209 Glossary 211 References 223 sea81813_00_fm_i-xviii.indd 11 12/11/14 1:09 PM Contents sea81813_00_fm_i-xviii.indd 12 12/11/14 1:09 PM The primary objective of Employee and Labor Relations: A Practical Guide is to introduce readers to workplace issues such as unionization, organizational management, employee relations, and related laws and regulations. The book covers labor relations from an applied perspective and is designed to be a practical resource for managers on the job.

Textbook Features Employee and Labor Relations includes a variety of features that are designed to help readers understand key concepts and further explore the topics discussed in each chapter: In the News features challenge readers to evaluate current events in the field of labor relations from multiple perspectives.

Watch This features provide readers with links to informative videos for research or enrichment purposes.

Case features encourage readers to examine actual court cases and try to determine their outcomes.

Research projects at the end of each chapter encourage readers to apply concepts from the text in real-world situations.

Key terms list and define important concepts as discussed in each chapter. Click on any term in the ebook Key Terms section to see the definition. A complete listing of key terms is also provided in the Glossary.

Interactive flashcards in the ebook enable readers to test their knowledge of the key concepts discussed in each chapter.

Critical thinking questions at the end of each chapter guide readers toward critical anal - ysis of topics explored in the chapters and help them assess their levels of understanding. Preface sea81813_00_fm_i-xviii.indd 13 12/11/14 1:09 PM sea81813_00_fm_i-xviii.indd 14 12/11/14 1:09 PM Gwen Seaquist was born and raised in the town of Tona- wanda, New York, and graduated with a BA in psychology in 1974 from Wells College, where she was the recipi - ent of the Helen M. Zachos prize for creative writing. She graduated from the University of Mississippi Law School in 1978 and was admitted to practice and litigated with the law firm of Boyce Holleman, P.C., in Gulfport, Mississippi.

Upon returning to New York, she settled in Ithaca, where she started as legal counsel, affirmative action officer, and assistant to President James J. Whalen of Ithaca College and then began teaching full time in the Ithaca College School of Business in 1983. She was admitted to the New York State bar in 1981 and has continued to work in numerous law firms in the Ithaca area, as well as teach. She has been a visiting professor at Cornell University Law School, Cornell University Hotel School, Suffolk University, Binghamton University, and the U.S. Military Academy at West Point. She was a visiting researcher at Harvard Law School, which she attended from 1990 to 1991, and has written three other textbooks. She is currently a full professor in legal studies and the coor - dinator of the legal studies program at Ithaca College, where she continues to teach both undergraduate and graduate courses in law.

About the Author sea81813_00_fm_i-xviii.indd 15 12/11/14 1:09 PM sea81813_00_fm_i-xviii.indd 16 12/11/14 1:09 PM By my fourth textbook, I thought the task of writing would become easier, but I am older and the job was daunting. The world of labor relations is more fractured, complex, and compli - cated than at any time in its history, and trying to capture and accurately represent this was an arduous but fascinating task. I was inspired throughout by early labor leaders like Eugene Debs and Samuel Gompers, who embodied a single-mindedness exemplified by their willing - ness to go to prison for their beliefs. Many others, most of them unnamed and long forgotten, fought for rights we so take for granted today. In some small way, I hope this book serves as a testament to their courage.

The entire staff at Bridgepoint Education continues to provide the kind of encouragement and support that most authors only dream about. Greer Lleuad, the sponsoring editor, remains an inspiration for her grace, wit, and deft skill at guiding careening textbooks into safe harbors with joy and humor. If they haven’t erected a monument to her talents at Bridgepoint yet, it’s not too late and richly deserved.

Leah Mori, development editor, was a weekly, and sometimes daily, source of support, motiva - tion, and downright kindness. Her wisdom, insights, and humor were all much appreciated and helped me persevere. I will miss our piles of e-mail correspondence bouncing back and forth between California and New York that always made me laugh and kept me on track. She always had the nicest way of asking me to do something I didn’t want to.

Carrie Brandt, development editor, was also a constant and helpful resource. I very much appreciated her insightful comments and skillful editing.

To my partner, Laurel, I am forever indebted to you for making this book possible. You kept our home running and the goats, horses, dogs, and chickens fed, all the while handling my endless bouts of exhaustion and crankiness with warmth, patience, and understanding. Few people as kindhearted and generous as you exist; no words can adequately express my gratitude for all the things you did that made it possible for me to write for 14 months. All of my other family and furry friends who took the journey through this book with me—including Webb, Strawberry Shortcake, Banjo, Charlie, Moose, Bad Brenda, and Lilly Liability—I am forever grateful for the interest you displayed when I read chapters aloud to you. I forgive your yawning. To my other family and good friends who took at least part of the journey through this with me, from Bonnie and Marilyn, to E. F., Brad, the grandchildren—Graem, Emerson, and Keane—as well as Shawna and Margot, and the rest of our Ithaca family, you all make me realize every day what is truly important in life are the people we love and who love us back. To all of you, I am forever grateful.

And now you can stop asking me, “ Are you done with that book yet ?” Acknowledgments sea81813_00_fm_i-xviii.indd 17 12/11/14 1:09 PM sea81813_00_fm_i-xviii.indd 18 12/11/14 1:09 PM