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The HPV Vaccine and Guillain-Barre Syndrome

Irrespective of where people live, no one is entirely immune against the risk of infections. After an illness, people usually visit their preferred healthcare providers for medical assistance. However, with the changing healthcare dynamics, there is an increased emphasis on preventative approaches as opposed to the treatment of illnesses. In this regard, the use of vaccinations is widespread and has been successful all along. Vaccinations help to minimize the effects of a disease in the community, and human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines have been profoundly helpful in the prevention of HPV. However, there have been claims of Guillain Barre Syndrome (GBS) emergence after a dose of the HPV vaccine. Since the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) interlink in the management of vaccines, they need to enhance their measures as far as public education regarding the emergence of GBS after HPV vaccination is concerned.

Regarding GBS, a lot of studies depict it as a rare disorder but with far-reaching impacts. On the other hand, HPV is among the leading sexually transmitted infections globally even though its vaccination has been known to adversely impact the immune system (Grimaldi-Bensouda et al. 84). The common fear is GBD which damages a person’s nerves resulting in increased muscle weakness. In some instances, people may become paralyzed too. The primary reason behind vaccination is the fact that despite the exact cause of GBS being unknown and the incidents rare, its impacts are high. For instance, it is estimated that two-thirds of people with GBS exhibit symptoms of gastrointestinal or respiratory infections (Gee et al. 5756). As a way countering these effects among others, the need for vaccination is highly essential.

The use of the HPV vaccine has been the most recommended intervention strategy in the prevention of HPV related illnesses. It has successfully reduced HPV infection and HPV-related diseases (Kester 879-880). Unfortunately, there have been concerns about its impacts. The routine administration of HPV4 vaccine is frequently associated with the onset of some autoimmune diseases (Geier and Mark 46-47). Regarding that, it is vital to determine whether GBS is in the mix. Since 2006, the United States has consistently used the HPV vaccine for girls from 11-12 years until they reach 26 years with the most used vaccine being 4vHPV ( Gee et al. 5756). In most cases, no serious concerns of its use have been noticeable to date.

Indeed, the HPV vaccine can be confirmed to be the most reliable interventions as far as the safety of populace is concerned. However, despite this general observation, there have been some rare occurrences of GBS after HPV vaccination which affirms the need for CDC and FDA to re-examine the effects of vaccines in the populace at some point.

When it comes to the studies that assess whether it is essential for CDC and FDA to intensify their efforts, it is right deducing that some studies have found a minimal connection between GBS and HPV vaccination while others have proved that there is a real connection. At some point, some studies have overlooked these concerns and emphasize that there is no need for alarm. Overall, it is a worrying situation, but remembering how the health of the populace is valuable, there is a need to examine the issue in-depth. In this case, since there is a sincere concern, it is justified to intensify the current efforts to ensure that society is secure.

In a case that confirms the rare occurrence of GBS after HPV vaccination, it is only seven cases among over 2.7 million doses administered from 2006 to 2015 are in records. In this case study, 1.9 million vaccinations were for females while 0.8 million were for females. In the 7 cases, four were in females and 3 for males (Gee et al. 5757). In this medical review that assesses the potential claims of GBS, the central observation is that it is rare, but it occurs after the HPV administration. In such a case, it proves that there is a real connection hence the need for measures that can reduce the rates to zero.

On further analysis of the same problem, the overall rate of GBS occurrence is not critical to the extent of raising a public alarm. It stands at 2.52 cases per million 4vHPV doses (Gee et al. 5757). When it comes to the analysis of AIDP (the most common form of GBS), medical reviews confirm that six out of the seven cases had a prior history of GBS while the remaining (1) showed no relationship. Overall, it is a situation dealing with a rare occurrence if people were to rely on this data primarily.

Also, other studies prove that there is no risk overlooking the link between HPV vaccination and GBS. It emerges that GBS is not a frequent occurrence after the HPV4 vaccination. HPV4 is highly recommended for both males aged 9 to 26 years. In one study, a total of 14822 adverse outcomes after treatment were recorded of which 4670 were related to HPV4 (Ojha et al. 233). However, there were no adverse outcomes that were specific to GBS. In such a case, the argument that there is no need for alarm is further confirmed, and this study suggests that despite the need for better interventions that correspond to the needs of the populace, it is misleading to argue that there is a real connection between HPV4 and GBS.

As an observation that somehow affirms the need for detection of the effects of vaccinations by CDC and FDA at some point, the majority of reports indicate that the females are more affected than males. Therefore, despite vaccinations eradicating endemic diseases, there are still questions regarding post-vaccination outcomes particularly the emergence of autoimmune illnesses (Orbach, Nancy, and Gisele 90-91). As an elaboration, stats show that among the reported cases if any, females compose 63% while the rest are males. The majority of this composition is the young population aged between 9 to 17 years that comprises 63% (Ojha et al. 233). However, going by the current data (as from 2010), it is observed that there is no regular reporting of GBS after HPV4. Indeed, it is the rarely reported adverse outcome after HPV4 compared to all other vaccines (Ojha et al. 234). The public needs more information regarding the same.

As time goes by, the CDC and FDA should try to examine the misconceptions surrounding refusal to vaccinate. With the cumulative evidence proving that there is no need for increased safety concerns about GBS following HPV vaccination, the issue of vaccine safety has been cited as one of the leading barriers of universal vaccination (Ojha et al. 236). In this regard, bearing in mind that healthcare providers play an essential role in addressing misinformation concerns, there is a critical need to intensify measures so that the populace is adequately informed about the current situation of GBS and the effects of HPV vaccination.

Further reports have also downplayed the risk that HPV vaccination poses and confirms that GBS is among the rarest outcomes. Many reports show that there is no evidence proving that vaccines can result in GBS (Geier and Mark 50). Showing that there is no evidence, it raises questions regarding the need for continued vaccination. This report confirms that the current scenario should not perpetuate any fear that GBS results directly from immunization. Indeed, what is required is sensitization regarding the disconnection between the two and the need for public awareness to embrace vaccination as a preventive measure.

In an extract from the Global Advisory Committee on Vaccine Safety (GACVS) in 2017, the fears that HPV causes GBS have been refuted too. After reviewing the public alarms, the committee noted discrepant and untrue findings regarding the risk of GBS after HPV vaccination. It confirmed that there is no significant risk for GBS after any dose of vaccine (World Health Organization 2017). To this end, the extract acts as a reference point that there is no need for intensified fears that the populace can be in any way unsafe as far as vaccination is concerned.

Overall, CDC and the FDA have been playing an instrumental role when it comes to monitoring of vaccines’ safety that the U.S. has approved for use. Through the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) and Vaccine Safety Datalink (VSD), they monitor problems that are likely to emerge following vaccination. Also, they take part in vaccine-related research. At this point, since it is evident that the link between GBS and HPV vaccination is a non-issue, CDC and the FDA should intensify their measures in clearing this grey area so that people can embrace vaccination. This way, it will profoundly help to create a healthy population. Indeed, fear of infections should not be a part of an informed populace such as the one living in the United States.

As illustrated above, different research studies focus on diverse areas as far as vaccination is concerned. While some examine the risks, others look at the efforts necessary to intensify immunization. Overall, the analyzed studies confirm that there are rare reports that GBS emerges after an HPV vaccination. As a result, the public should get more information regarding the same to ensure that it is not misguided as far as vaccination is concerned.

Works Cited

Gee, Julianne, et al. "Risk of Guillain-Barré Syndrome following quadrivalent human papillomavirus vaccine in the Vaccine Safety Datalink." Vaccine 35.43 (2017): 5756-5758.

Geier, David A., and Mark R. Geier. "Quadrivalent human papillomavirus vaccine and autoimmune adverse events: a case–control assessment of the vaccine adverse event reporting system (VAERS) database." Immunologic research65.1 (2017): 46-54.

Grimaldi-Bensouda, Lamiae, et al. "Risk of autoimmune diseases and human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccines: Six years of case-referent surveillance." Journal of autoimmunity79 (2017): 84-90.

Kester, Laura M., et al. "A national study of HPV vaccination of adolescent girls: rates, predictors, and reasons for non-vaccination." Maternal and child health journal 17.5 (2013): 879-885.

Ojha, Rohit P., et al. "Guillain–Barre syndrome following quadrivalent human papillomavirus vaccination among vaccine-eligible individuals in the United States." Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics 10.1 (2014): 232-237.

Orbach, Hedi, Nancy Agmon-Levin, and Gisele Zandman-Goddard. "Vaccines and autoimmune diseases of the adult." Discovery medicine 9.45 (2010): 90-97.