I would like you to write three lab reports about three different experiments. I will upload you the instructions on how does the report have to be done. Also, I will upload you the experiment file (

Cop yrig h t 2 01 9 - H an ds-O n L abs | h ttp ://h ols cie n ce.c om 1 / 7 S tu dent N am e Moham med A ln aim i S tu dent I D 48408 L e sso n Oxid atio n-R eductio n A ctiv it y S erie s In stit u tio n Oce an C ounty C olle ge S essio n 20 19L3 C HEM 1 82 D L1 C ours e CHEM 1 82 D L1 In stru cto r Nancy M ara sh i F in al R eport E xe rc is e 1 C HEM 1 82 D L1 O xid atio n-R eductio n A ctiv it y S erie s Oxid atio n is t h e p ro ce ss o f b ein g o xid iz e d. R eductio n is w hen a c h em ic a l, d urin g a r e actio n, g ain s ele ctro ns. T he o xid atio n n um ber is t h e n um ber o f e le ctro ns t h at is e it h er g ain ed o r lo st b y t h e ele m ent. T he o xid atio n a nd r e ductio n a ffe ct t h e o xid atio n n um ber o f a n e le m ent is t h at w hen a n ele m ent is o xid iz e d o r r e duce d, t h e r e ductio n n um ber w ill e it h er in cre ase o r d ecre ase 1 . D efin e o xid atio n, r e ductio n, a n d o xid atio n n um be r. D escrib e h ow o xid atio n a n d r e ductio n a ffe ct t h e o xid atio n n um be r o f a n e le m ent.

An o xid iz in g a gent g ain s e le ctro ns a nd t h en r e duce s in t h e c h em ic a l r e actio n t h at is g oin g o n. T he re ducin g a gent is w hen o xid atio n o ccu rs w hen a n e le m ent lo se s e le ctro ns d urin g a r e actio n. A sp ecta to r io n is b oth a r e acta nt a nd a p ro duct in a c h em ic a l r e actio n.

2 . D efin e o xid iz in g a g ent, r e ducin g a g ent, a n d s pe cta to r i o n. Cop yrig h t 2 01 9 - H an ds-O n L abs | h ttp ://h ols cie n ce.c om 2 / 7 Data T a ble 1 : R e dox R e actio n o f C oppe r a nd S ilv e r N it ra te The n ew s u bsta nce t h at a ppeare d in t h e t e st t u be d urin g t h e r e actio n o f c o pper a nd s ilv e r n it ra te was a s ilv e ris h m eta llic lo okin g s u bsta nce . T he c h em ic a l f o rm ula f o r t h e s u bsta nce w ould b e Cu + 2 A gN O 3 = C u(N O 3)2 + 2 A g. ( T his is if w e a ssu m e t h e s u bsta nce is s ilv e r o r A g.) 3 . I n t h e r e actio n o f c o ppe r a n d s ilv e r n it ra te , a n ew s u bsta n ce a ppe are d i n t h e t e st t u be . D escrib e t h e p h ysic al a ppe ara n ce o f t h e s u bsta n ce a n d i d entif y i t s c h em ic al f o rm ula .

Copper w ould b e lis te d a bove s ilv e r. T he c o pper r e acte d m ore t h an t h e s ilv e r d urin g t h e exp erim ent. T hat is w hy d urin g t h e e xp erim ent t h e c o pper w as t h e e le m ent t h at w as o xid iz e d w as als o t h e o xid iz in g a gent, w here as, t h e s ilv e r w as t h e e le m ent t h at w as r e duce d a nd w as t h e re ducin g a gent.

4 . G iv e n a n a ctiv it y s e rie s i n w hic h t h e m ost a ctiv e m eta ls a re a t t h e t o p o f t h e l is t a n d t h e l e ast a ctiv e m eta ls a re a t t h e b o tto m o f t h e l is t, w ould c o ppe r b e l is te d a bo ve s ilv e r o r w ould s ilv e r b e l is te d a bo ve c o ppe r? S uppo rt y o ur a n sw er w it h d ata f ro m D ata T able 1 .

The c h em ic a l e quatio n t h at d esc rib es t h e r e actio n is : C uS ( s ) + 2 A gN O 3(a q) - -> 2 A g2S ( s ) + Cu(N O 3)2 ( a q). T he o xid atio n n um ber o f e ach e le m ent, in o rd er, a re : ( + 2 - 2 ), ( + 1 + 5 - 2 ), ( + 1 - 2 ), and ( + 2 + 5 - 2 ). T his is a n on-re dox r e actio n.

5 . S olid c o ppe r s u lf id e a n d s ilv e r n it ra te r e act t o f o rm c o ppe r ( II) n it ra te a n d s o lid s ilv e r s u lf id e. W rit e a b ala n ce d c h em ic al e quatio n t h at d escrib e s t h e r e actio n. I d entif y t h e o xid atio n n um be r o f e ach e le m ent i n t h e r e actio n. ( Y o u d o n ot n eed t o i n clu de t h e t o ta l c o ntrib u tio n o f c h arg e.) I s t h is r e actio n a r e dox r e actio n o r a n on-r e dox r e actio n?

E xp la in y o ur a n sw er. Cop yrig h t 2 01 9 - H an ds-O n L abs | h ttp ://h ols cie n ce.c om 3 / 7 Ph oto 1 : C he m ic a l E quatio n fo r R e dox o f C oppe r a nd S ilv e r N it ra te . N ote : C oppe r has a + 2 o xid atio n n um be r in th e p ro ducts .S ilv e r h as it s e xpe cte d o xid atio n num be r o n th e re acto ns s id e .

In it ia l O bse rv atio ns b e fo re B egin nin g O bse rv atio ns O bse rv atio ns a fte r 3 0 m in E le m ent th at is O xid iz e d E le m ent th at is R e duce d S pe cta to r Io n O xid iz in g A ge nt R e ducin g A ge nt Cop yrig h t 2 01 9 - H an ds-O n L abs | h ttp ://h ols cie n ce.c om 4 / 7 E xe rc is e 2 Meta ls : C u, P b , a nd Z n. O xid atio n # - P u re : 0 , 0 , a nd 0 . O xid atio n # - Com pound: + 2, + 2, a nd + 2.

1 . Lis t e ach o f t h e m eta ls t e ste d i n E xe rc is e 2 . I n dic ate t h e o xid atio n n um be r w hen e ach e le m ent i s p u re a n d t h e o xid atio n n um be r w hen e ach e le m ent i s i n a c o m po und.

The m eta l t h at w as t h e s tro ngest o xid iz in g a gent w as c o pper. I d on't t h in k c o pper is t h e r e ducin g agent b eca use it is m ore s o t h e o xid iz in g a gent d urin g t h e r e actio ns.

2 . W hic h o f t h e m eta ls i n E xe rc is e 2 w as t h e s tro ngest o xid iz in g a g ent? W as t h ere a n i n sta n ce w hen t h is m eta l a ls o a cte d a s a r e ducin g a g ent? E xp la in y o ur a n sw er u sin g d ata f ro m D ata T able 3 .

The s tro ngest r e ducin g a gent w as z in c. T here w ere n't a ny in sta nce s w hen t h e m eta l a ls o a cte d a s an o xid iz in g a gent. T he o xid iz a tio n w as d one m ore b y t h e c o pper.

3 . W hic h o f t h e m eta ls i n E xe rc is e 2 w as t h e s tro ngest r e ducin g a g ent? W as t h ere a n i n sta n ce w hen t h is m eta l a ls o a cte d a s a n o xid iz in g a g ent? E xp la in y o ur a n sw er u sin g d ata f ro m D ata T able 3 .

The e ase o f o xid atio n c o rre la te s w it h t h e a ctiv it y b eca use t h e m ore a ctiv e , t h e e asie r it is t o oxid iz e . T he h ig hly a ctiv e m eta ls t e nd t o d onate e le ctro ns t o o th er m eta ls .

4 . H ow d oes e ase o f o xid atio n c o rre la te w it h a ctiv it y ? D o h ig hly a ctiv e m eta ls t e nd t o d onate e le ctro ns o r a cce pt e le ctro ns f ro m o th er m eta ls ? Cop yrig h t 2 01 9 - H an ds-O n L abs | h ttp ://h ols cie n ce.c om 5 / 7 Data T a ble 2 : R e dox R e actio ns o f C oppe r, L e ad, a nd Z in c The m ost a ctiv e m eta l a t t h e t o p o f t h e lis t w ould b e Z n, t h e s e co nd w ould b e P b , a nd t h e t h ir d C u.

5 . C re ate a n a ctiv it y s e rie s f o r c o ppe r, l e ad , a n d z in c. P la ce t h e m ost a ctiv e m eta l a t t h e t o p o f t h e l is t.

S olid M eta l Well ID C u A1 C u A2 P b B1 P b B2 Z n C1 Z n C2 S olid M eta l Solu tio n C u Pb (N O ) C u Zn(N O ) P b CuS O P b Zn(N O ) Z n CuS O Z n Pb (N O ) S olid M eta l Im media te O bse rv atio n C u C u P b 3 2 3 2 4 3 2 4 3 2 The liq uid is c le ar w hile th e c o ppe r is b ro nze in co lo r.

The liq uid is c le ar w hile th e c o ppe r is b ro nze in co lo r. Cop yrig h t 2 01 9 - H an ds-O n L abs | h ttp ://h ols cie n ce.c om 6 / 7 Data T a ble 3 : P o te ntia l R e dox R e actio ns a nd C he m ic a l E quatio ns P b Z n Z n S olid M eta l 30 M in ute O bse rv atio n C u C u P b P b Z n Z n The re a re a fe w bubble s th at fo rm aro und th e le ad, w hic h tu rn s b ro nze in c o lo r.

The le ad is s ilv e r in co lo r.

The z in c tu rn e d re ddis h fro m th e to p.

The z in c tu rn s b la ck.

The re w as n o c h ange .

The re w as n o c h ange .

The le ad s ta rts to ru st.

The re w as n o c h ange .

The z in c w as b la ck w it h a lit tle b it o f re d o n th e to p.

The z in c b e co m es d ark gre y fro m th e to p. Cop yrig h t 2 01 9 - H an ds-O n L abs | h ttp ://h ols cie n ce.c om 7 / 7 Ph oto 2 : C he m ic a l E quatio ns a nd R e dox N um be rs fo r R e actio ns M eta l a nd M eta llic S olu tio n Re actio n O ccu rre d?

C u + P b (N O ) C u + Z n(N O ) P b + C uS O P b + Z n(N O ) Z n + C uS O Z n + P b (N O )3 2 3 2 4 3 2 4 3 2