1.3 Assignment - Evaluation Complete the following and submit it to the drop box (under the Assessments tab) For each of the mathematical models (linear, quadratic and exponential): describe a real l
FPH 7240 – Introduction to Epidemiology
Fall 2019
Assignment 2
Due: Thursday, September 12, 2019 at noon
Readings: Aschengrau & Seague, Ch. 3 “Comparisons of Disease Frequency”
Researchers at Northwestern University followed 4,226 men and 5,624 women for a total of 111,222 person-years to determine whether several risk factors were associated with incident cardiovascular disease (CVD). Diabetes was one of the risk factors of interest, and 112 men and 71 women in the study were diabetic at baseline. Of these individuals, 68 diabetic men and 37 diabetic women went on to develop CVD. Throughout follow-up, 43.1% of men and 31.9% of women went on to develop CVD.
Based on the information provided, please construct the appropriate 2x2 table of diabetes and CVD risk for men.
Please construct the appropriate 2x2 table for diabetes and CVD risk for women.
What is the relative risk of CVD associated with diabetes among men? Among women?
Relative risk or rate ratio = Incidence exposed / Incidence unexposed
Assuming the association between diabetes and CVD is causal, how many cases of CVD (per 100) in women are due to diabetes?
What proportion of CVD cases in men could have been prevented if none of the men had diabetes?
In the problem above, why might eliminating diabetes in this population have a relatively small impact on CVD risk, even if diabetes is associated with higher incidence of CVD?
Again, assuming that the association between diabetes and CVD is causal, which measure of association or excess risk would answer the following question: “Among women who have diabetes and go on to develop CVD, what is the likelihood that CVD was the result of having diabetes?” Please calculate the measure.
U.S.
Michigan
Wayne County
Age Group
No. of Deaths
Population
No. of Deaths
Population
No. of Deaths
Population
1-4
765
18,215,012
52
540,813
32
120,545
5-14
1,962
46,753,215
188
1,492,191
94
322,982
15-24
10,201
39,932,482
721
1,218,322
404
472,713
25-44
14,164
83,341,790
777
3,080,575
492
656,168
45-64
8,132
52,210,433
426
3,001,512
217
640,133
35,224
240,452,932
2,164
9,333,413
1,239
2,212,541
The table above presents (fabricated) mortality data due to motor vehicle accidents in Wayne County, the state of Michigan, and the U.S. during 2000. You are asked to examine the motor vehicle accident mortality in Wayne County and Michigan during this period and calculate the following for the above diseases (it is ok to use Excel for your calculations):
a) Crude death rates for the U.S., the state of Michigan, and Wayne County:
b) Age-specific death rates for the U.S., the state of Michigan, and Wayne County:
c) Age-adjust Wayne County and the state of Michigan death rates to the U.S. population (standard):
d) Compare the death rates after adjustment. Is there a difference between Wayne County and the state of Michigan?
