Write a 3000 words research essay on the topic, "How has Donald trump presidency changed international relations?" i have a bibliography whose sources need to be incorporated into the essay along with

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Annotated Bibliogr aphy

How Trump ’s P r esidency has changed International Relations

P atrick, Stewar t M. "Trump and W orld Order: The Return of Self-Help. "  For eign Aff . 96 (2017): 52 .

Druckman , Daniel. "Unilater al diplomacy: Trump and the so ver eign state. "  Negotiation Journal  35.1

(2019): 101-105 .

Patrick notes that since r ank Roosevelt’ s er a, the leadership of the United Stes has alwa ys

assumed the global leadership mantle. The united states has for the longest time st ood not only for

its own well being but for the world economy ’s wellbeing. With T rump, however , the r ole of the United

States as the globalleader is reducing as the pr esident is more focused solely on the inter ests of the

country with little r egards of what is happening outside its bor ders. The article ther efore provides

inv aluable information on how T rump’s tr ansactionalist and nationalistic polici ies will ha ve an impact

on security and international tr ade.

Taking int o account hist orical political cy cles, Druckman presents looks at how T rump’s

ascendancy int o presidency marks a new er a of international diplomacy; a shift t o nationalism from

internationalism. Druckman points out that T rump’s has adopted a unilater al diplomacy approach

which will have both long and shor t-term negotiation and diplomacy implications. The article is

impor tant in understanding how isolationism, as adopted b y Trump influences other countries t o

adopt similar isolationism approach in their affairs. A case in point as pr ovided is Br exit. Trump sees

himself as a supr eme ruler who can handle and influence diplomacy in any wa y he wants to. Such

leadership is pr ojected to have negativ e implications and tr eaties such as NAFTA and climate teaties

will face incr eased opposition fr om differe nt leaders. Dombrowski, P eter, and Simon Reich. "Does Donald T rump have a gr and strategy?. " International

Affairs  93.5 (2017): 1013-1037 .

Stok es, Doug. "T rump, American hegemony and the futur e of the liberal international

order ."  International Affairs  94.1 (2018): 133-150 .

F riedman Lissner , Rebecca, and Mir a Rapp-Hooper. "The day after Trump: American str ategy for a new

international order."  The W ashingt on Quar terly  41.1 (2018): 7-25 .

Dombrowski looks at how polarizing Tump ’s policies can be. While the first f ew months of

Trump ’s leadership wer e dazzling, speculation on T rump’s gr and str ategy remains an issue that has

led many nations t o view Trump in suspicion. His appr oach of issues in the Middle East ha ve r aised

eyebr ows among many and questions reain on what his gr and strategy remains. Dombrwski looks at

Trump ’s policie s and how the y are viewed at home and internationally . It is in this sense, ther efore,

that most nations will cr eate their policies with an aim of either contering or complementing Trump’s

actions. The gr eatest point of concern is in his militar y strategy and its implications. Impor tantly,

Tump ’s str ategy is seen as one that will diff er from those of his pr edecessors.

Stok es note that the Liber al International Order (LIO) has been the making of the Unites States.

While the status has r emained as such snce the end of the Cold W ar, the br eaking up of the E uropean

Union thr ough Brexit and the e ventual rise t o power by Trump has been seen t o alter the LIO. The

Eur opean Enion has been one of the ost impor tant creations that ha ve helped the US maintain the LIO .

With Trump’s rise t o power , the United States has encouraged Br exit and questioned its commitment

to alliances such as N ATO . The ar ticle seeks t o explain how for eign policy is bound t o shift with the

U.S abandoning the LIO. Also, Stokes ar gues that what is being e videnced is a slow American decline.

Friedman Rebecca, and Mir a argue that the IL O as known since WWII is unstable and that the

United States is the only hope of its success. Howe ver , T rump ’s rise t o power has br ought about an

atmosphere of uncertainty on the r ole of the Unoted States in maintaining the IL O. T rump ’s

tr ansactionalist and populist ideals r epresent a shift fr om the long held principles of LIO . The article is

therefor e, instrumental in demonstr ating how the collapse of LIO and the failure of Trump’s t o off er

leadership will lead t o chaotic and disor derly diplomacy among nations.