I have 4 questions There are FOUR questions in this assignment. Answer ALL the questions. Questions start form page 2 to 5. Q-1. Compare the properties, advantages and disadvantages of creatinine,
Instructions:
Copying, pasting, and plagiarism information from lecture handouts or Internet websites or from each other will not be accepted and will not be given credit.
There are FOUR questions in this assignment. Answer ALL the questions. Questions start form page 2 to 5.
Q-1. Compare the properties, advantages and disadvantages of creatinine, urea and cystatin-C as markers of renal function.
Q-2. Explain why the measurement of GFR by inulin clearance is considered the gold standard.
Q-3. Two patients (Patient A: 55 year/male/weight 60 kg; Patient B: 65 year/female/weight 55 kg) with chronic kidney disease were admitted to the hospital. The doctor ordered measurement of their GFR by creatinine clearance. A standard procedure for creatinine clearance was followed. The patients were given 500 mL of water to drink, to promote good urine flow. After about 30 minutes, they were asked to empty the bladder and discard the urine. Exactly after 60 minutes, a urine sample was collected. A blood sample was also taken at this time.
Given the following values find the stage of CKD of both patients. Show all your calculations.
| Test | Patient A | Patient B |
| Serum Creatinine | 1.4 mg/dL | 1.8 mg/dL |
| Urine Creatinine | 100 mg/dL | Urine sample lost |
| Urine Volume | 42 mL | Urine sample lost |
Q-4. Explain the mechanisms of carcinogenesis.
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