Due tomorrow could check attachment One is outline ( The outline need not be modified. ) one is PPT The two screenshots are the teacher's feedback. According to the teacher's feedback and outline to m

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1. Introduction

1. Attention getter: The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) has been the subject of discussion since the turn of the decade, with the first case of the virus being reported on December 31, 2019, in Wuhan, China; however, the disease has spread to all parts of the world, infecting and killing thousands of people.

2. Thesis: Even though stopping the spread of COVID-19 is challenging and nearly impossible, it can be slowed down considerably through social distancing – a measure that limits human contact and interaction.

3. Significance: As stated by the Journal of Travel Medicine 2020, COVID-19’s rapid spread is likely due to the movements and interactions of individuals who are unaware of the fact that they have contracted the virus. For that reason, limiting social contact seem to be the most effective measure of containing the spread of the new virus.

4. Preview: I am going to discuss the social distancing, what life with this measure looks like, and how we, as a society, can use it to decrease the spread of COVID-19.

(Transition: First let us figure out the definition and historical overview of social distancing)

1. Main Point I: According to the Journal of Social Psychology 2017, social distancing refer to “the acceptance of people by other people in a different social group.”

1. Historically, maintaining distance – particularly between races, classes, and genders – was an essential feature of social gatherings and public life.

1. In early times, social distancing did not have anything to do with health or isolation: it was about class and etiquette.

1. The origins of social distancing can be traced to the 18th century, when the voluminous skirts became fashionable to create an obstruction between the genders in social settings.

2. Most dress reformers criticized the skirt as they perceived it as a tool to curtail women’s freedom and mobility.

3. The skirts helped to mitigate the risks of the era’s cholera and smallpox epidemics; however, these skirts were dangerous, especially when they caught fire.

1. In October 1918, social distancing measures were introduced following the outbreak of Spanish Flu, which infected 500 million people (New England Journal of Medicine 2020).

1. Numerous locations for social gatherings such as schools, theaters, and religious events were banned.

2. The actions decreased the spread of influenza in terms of cases and deaths.

3. It was noted that numerous cities experienced a second outbreak after social distancing measures were lifted.

4. The same actions were applied during the subsequent outbreaks including the SARS 2003, Swine flu in 2009, and 2014 Ebola.

1. According to Cybergeo: European Journal of Geography 1997, social distancing is based on the interaction of people with different backgrounds.

1. Primarily, the theory of social distance seeks to explain the interaction people of a different race, ethnicity, or class who live together and must interact.

2. People with more common characteristics often have stronger bonds than those with differences who practice distancing among themselves.

3. The secondary principle of social distancing is conflict; a conflict may exist between people, hence creating the differences.

4. Another principle is that of reciprocity, where one group reacts to the treatment of another group in a similar way. People tend to respond according to the treatment they get from the people they live with.

(Now that we have discussed what social distancing is and its historical background, let us look further how people/society practice it)

1. Main Point II: It is important to note that social distancing is applied in various ways. As an individual, reducing the rate of contact with other people is very significant.

1. Based on the Journal of Emerging Infectious Diseases 2012, there are three major applications of social distancing.

1. First, social distance often applies to people in different financial and social status groups. People with different classes tend to practice social distancing. Status distancing occurs where people have different social classes determined by their power, wealth, and prestige.

2. The second application is power distancing; the power can be in terms of political power or financial power. The differences in political or economic forces lead to social distancing.

3. Lastly, there is class distancing, which involves the upper-, middle-, and low-class sectors in society. The upper class includes people who rule over the others while the lower class involves those who are ruled.

1. There are two primary ways in which social distancing helps in preventing the spread of the virus (BMC Public Health 2012).

1. When social distancing is put in effect, people who are already infected with the disease are denied the likelihood of spreading the illness to healthy people.

2. On the other hand, healthy people are limited from access to people with the disease and hence have reduced probability of contracting it. Social distancing, therefore, reduces the spread of the virus.

1. Social distancing is presently the most significant measure for controlling the outbreak of COVID-19.

1. People have been encouraged to avoid public spaces and unnecessary social gatherings, particularly occasions with large numbers of individuals or crowds (International Journal of Infectious Diseases 2020).

2. As a measure to enhance social distancing, people are also working from home if possible, conducting meetings via video calls and conferences, and avoiding unnecessary use of public transport.

3. By people staying at home, social distancing has already affected the global economy because the demand for products and services has declined.

4. Besides, British Journal of Surgery 2020 highlights that social distancing is causing loneliness, especially among older people who are at a higher risk of critical COVID-19.

(Now that we have taken a glimpse into what life is like for people practicing social distancing, we can talk about what we are learning from it)

1. Main Point III: It is evident from past pandemics, including the 1918 Spanish flu outbreak, 2003 SARS pandemic, 2009 Swine flu, and 2014 Ebola that social distancing can successfully reduce the spread of infections.

1. Like other pandemics, COVID-19 is infectious as it can be easily transmitted from an infected person to a healthy one (The Lancet 2020). Social distancing reduces the rate of spread, thereby reducing the number of infections.

1. Social distancing requires people who can stay at home to do so. When a person has tested positive for the virus and gives a list of people they came into contact with, these people can easily be traced and quarantined (World Health Organization). This is because most of them will be at home, and known residences can easily be accessed.

2. As long as a person only meets a limited number of people, The Lancet 2020 emphasize that the infected persons can easily remember and identify the people they came in contact with. If a large number are involved, then it will be difficult for the victim to remember all the contacts.

1. Limiting and halting the spread of the virus provides both the public and the authorities’ a chance to set up measures to overcome the pandemic.

1. China was the first country to implement social distancing in Hubei province, where the first new coronavirus cases were detected. The Chinese government applied mobile phone tracking to regulate people’s movements and inhibit the infected people from travelling (International Journal of Infectious Diseases 2020).

2. Since the disease has spread worldwide, the International Journal of Infectious Diseases 2020 indicates that many countries have imposed social distancing measure as well as closing learning institutions and other public spaces.

3. Coronavirus requires halting the spread of the disease, the creation of a vaccine, and the creation of medicine for patients who are already sick (World Health Organization). Social distancing reduces the spread of the virus and allows the medical team to concentrate on the medication.

4. Halting the spread of the virus helps the governments with accurate information about the people who are infected or at risk of getting infected (The Journal of Social Psychology 2017). This helps the government come up with the right policies and measures to assist in overcoming the disease.

1. While there still will be much to learn after COVID-19 outbreak is over, there are already various lessons that have emerged as more people practice social distancing.

1. With so many countries having implemented social distancing, this is a time of immense solidarity across the globe to eradicate such pandemic.

2. There are a number of ways to make social distancing work to our benefit, by working on our personal growth and focusing on transforming the world around us (International Journal of Infectious Diseases 2020).

1. Conclusion:

1. Today I have discussed what social distancing is, how people practice it, and its implications to the present and future life.

2. As a final thought, social distancing is an effective measure to lessen the spread of the pandemic and will be a fact of life for many months to come. It is therefore important to do it as appropriately and efficiently as possible.

Works Cited

Ethington, Philip J. "The intellectual construction of Social Distance: Toward a recovery of Georg Simmel’s social geometry." Cybergeo: European Journal of Geography (1997).

Fong, MW. "Nonpharmaceutical Interventions for Pandemic Influenza, National and Community Measures." Emerging Infectious Diseases 12.1 (2012): 88-94.

Huang, Chaolin, et al. "Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China." The Lancet 395.10223 (2020): 497-506.

Hui, David S., et al. "The continuing 2019-nCoV epidemic threat of novel coronaviruses to global health—The latest 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak in Wuhan, China." International Journal of Infectious Diseases 91 (2020): 264-266.

Maharaj, Savi, and Adam Kleczkowski. “Controlling epidemic spread by social distancing: do it well or not at all.” BMC Public Health 12. (20 Aug. 2012). 679.

Sun, Qingzhou, et al. "Increased social distance makes people more risk-neutral." The Journal of Social Psychology 157.4 (2017): 502-512.

Vogler, S. A., and A. L. Lightner. "Rethinking how we care for our patients in a time of social distancing." British Journal of Surgery 7.12 (2020).

Wilder-Smith, A., and D. O. Freedman. "Isolation, quarantine, social distancing and community containment: Pivotal role for old-style public health measures in the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) outbreak." Journal of Travel Medicine 27.2 (2020).

World Health Organization. "Coronavirus disease 2019 (‎ COVID-19)‎: situation report, 51."

Zhu, Na, et al. "A novel coronavirus from patients with pneumonia in China, 2019." New England Journal of Medicine (2020).