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Water Scarcity in The Kingdom
“We created from water every living thing” (The Qur'an,21:30), there is no doubt that, no one could live without water. Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, it’s a country mostly desert as we can see in the map. There is a main challenge that face Saudi Arabia, which is, it’s the water scarcity. In fact, Saudi Arabia might run out of water in the next 20 years. We have in the kingdom three types of water sources, these sources that I’m going to defined it one by one in this essay. First, groundwater is the biggest water source in Saudi Arabia, and 98% of our water comes from this source, because we don’t have rivers and lakes. Second, water desalination that started in 1965, and according to Guinness, Saudi Arabia has the biggest water desalination station in the world. Third, water reuse is a good idea, however it’s a source for few uses such as industrial uses, landscape irrigation and artificial lakes. In the end, Fawzi Karajeh senior water resources officer in FAO said water scarcity is a problem Can Be Addressed Through Sustainable Management.
Basically, groundwater is a water could be found it in underground, or we could call it wells water. groundwater becomes from the water of rains and other types of water that goes through gravel, sand, sandstone, or fractured rock, like limestone until it collected in an empty space that be like a bowl. In the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, we almost use this as only source, and defiantly it’s not a perfect idea, because it’s unstable solution, and it could finish at any time. Actually, Saudi Arabia has the highest levels of water consumption per capita in the world, which is, it will not be enough for us if we depend on groundwater as 98% of water sources. Groundwater has a good cost compering with other sources, however, it’s not an ethical saltation when we use the water of future generations. there is no doubt that Saudi Arabian government didn’t find better ways to provide water than use our groundwater, but we are thinking loudly, and it’s an effective way to solve any problem, and specially with an important issue like water.
In 1965, and In the middle of the Arabian desert, they decide to establish a Saline Water Conversion General Administration, and it was a big step for a country that is just started. Our needs for water is something necessary, because of that, the fathers founders of Saudi Arabia had to start this journey. Toady Saudi Arabia produces 5 million cubic meters of desalinated water, which is a huge number. There is lots of water desalination Plants in Saudi, and these water are putting in a strategic reservoirs in all around cities of Saudi Arabia. According to Guinness, Jubail Plant is the largest water desalination plant in the world, and it produces 308,176,916.9 UK gal of water daily, that is equal around 1.4 billion liters of water per day. I believe that Saudi Arabia’s government are doing fantastic job in water desalination, although, these kind of project costs lots of many, and you can’t charge the farmers and consumers that highly cost. Water desalination is the future of water in everywhere in the world, and I think technology will make it cheaper in the future.
The water that become from reuse, it can be use in lots development projects such as afforestation roads and lakes that is in parks. So we can’t considered as direct sources. with all of that water scarcity, we need in Saudi Arabia to use this type of source in all the places that we can use it. unfortunately this not happing in Saudi, and with my deep sadly motions I’m saying this is a crime that we are doing it in our land. What happing in Saudi Arabia is 9% of wastewater that been reuse. There big projects to raise this percentage, but we are starting to late in this point. Even this type are considered as an expansive source of water, however we are hoping the technology might develop and make it a cheap source of water. we can’t forget an important point, is that the consumer of this type of water are either the government or huge companies, and both of them can handle the expansive price, not same as other sources which is the middle class people will pay the price.
Finally, living in the desert is hard, and I’m always asking myself how our grandfathers could live in that desert. Today we are living a good days, and have lots of sources of water in Saudi Arabia. First, Groundwater is become our main source for water, although it’s could finish in any time, but I don’t think it will be soon, and this thought the people in Saudi are sharing it with me, because of that the Saudi people are using lots of water compering with countries. Next, Saudi Arabia’s government are doing good in water desalination, and they start early in this field, and they have a nice infrastructure for that source of water, and one these stations produces around 1.4 billion liters of water per day. Third, it’s recycle the water, and it can be an incredible source by the water that will be saved, but Saudi Arabia started late in this field. In conclude, the problem not water scarcity, but in how to mange it.
References
The Qur'an,21:30 (2017) translated by MUFTI TAQI USMANI.
Naiazam Jaffer, NJ, 2016, Water Scarcity in Saudi Arabia, The Water Network, https://thewaternetwork.com/article-FfV/water-scarcity-in-saudi-arabia-tC0fPMPt4qhplY2XP-8AeQ
Fawzi Karajeh, FK, Alexandria, August 25, 2016, Senior FAO Water Expert Says Water Scarcity Problems Can Be Addressed Through Sustainable Management, FAO Departments and Offices, http://www.fao.org/neareast/news/view/en/c/430235/
Hazel Sheffield, HZ, 9 February 2016, Saudi Arabia is running out of water, The Independent, https://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/news/saudi-arabia-is-running-out-of-water-a6883706.html
https://www.groundwater.org/get-informed/basics/whatis.html
https://www.swcc.gov.sa/english/AboutSWCC/Pages/History.aspx
https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/425709-largest-water-desalination-plant/
Jörg E. Drewes, C. Patricio Roa Garduño and Gary L. Amy, October 2012, Golden, CO USA ,NSF Engineering Research Center ReNUWIt Department of Civil and Environmental, Water reuse in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia – status, prospects and research needs, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/269599336_Water_reuse_in_the_Kingdom_of_Saudi_Arabia_-_status_prospects_and_research_needs
