Topic: The role of Self knowledge in coaching Type: Research PaperSubject: EducationPages: 15 , Double Spacing (275 words/page)Academic level: MasterSources: 25Style: HarvardOrder Description i have a

PG2 / E1 FORM

APPLICATION FOR ETHICAL APPROVAL

In order for research to result in benefit and minimise risk of harm, it must be conducted ethically. A researcher may not be covered by the University’s insurance if ethical approval has not been obtained prior to commencement.

The University follows the OECD Frascati manual definition of research activity: “creative work undertaken on a systematic basis in order to increase the stock of knowledge, including knowledge of man, culture and society, and the use of this stock of knowledge to devise new applications”. As such this covers activities undertaken by members of staff, postgraduate research students, and both taught postgraduate and undergraduate students working on dissertations/projects.

The individual undertaking the research activity is known as the “principal researcher”.

Ethical approval is not required for routine audits, performance reviews, quality assurance studies, testing within normal educational requirements, and literary or artistic criticism.

Please read the notes for guidance before completing ALL sections of the form.

This form must be completed and approved prior to undertaking any research activity. Please see Checklist for details of process for different categories of application.

SECTION A: About You (Principal Researcher)

Full Name:			Hayley Anne Wheeler
Tick all boxes which apply:
Member of staff:	☐	Student:		Honorary research fellow:	☐

Faculty/School/Centre:	WIWBL
Campus:	Carmarthen
E-mail address:	[email protected]
Contact Telephone Number:	07966189084
For students:
Student Number:	1504694	Undergraduate	☐
Programme of Study:	MA in Professional Practice	Taught Postgraduate
Director of Studies/Supervisor:	Lowri Harris	Research	☐

SECTION B: Approval for Research Activity

Has the research activity received approval in principle? (please check the Guidance Notes as to the appropriate approval process for different levels of research by different categories of individual)		YES		NO	☐
				Date
If Yes, please indicate source of approval (and date where known):	Research Degrees Committee		☐
Faculty Research Committee		☐
Other (write in) WIWBL Ethics board Representative		X

Approval in principle must be obtained from the relevant source prior to seeking ethical approval.

SECTION C: External Ethical Guidance Materials

Please list the core ethical guidance documents that have been referred to during the completion of this form (including any discipline-specific codes of research ethics, and also any specific ethical guidance relating to the proposed methodology). Please tick to confirm that your research proposal adheres to these codes and guidelines.
ICF Code of ethics https://coachfederation.org/code-of-ethics	x
Association for coaching code of ethicshttps://www.associationforcoaching.com/page/AboutCodeEthics	☐
	☐

SECTION D: External Collaborative Research Activity

Does the research activity involve collaborators outside of the University?	YES	☐	NO
If Yes, please provide the name of the external organisation and name and contact details for the main contact person:
Institution
Contact person name
Contact person e-mail address

Where research activity is carried out in collaboration with an external organisation

Does this organisation have its own ethics approval system?	YES	☐	NO	☐
If Yes, please attach a copy of any final approval (or interim approval) from the organisation

SECTION E: Details of Research Activity

Indicative title:	How do you know what you know? What is self knowledge? An exploration of the impact of the coach’s self knowledge on the coaching process.
Proposed start date:		Proposed end date:
Purpose of research activity (including aims and objectives) Outline the purpose, aims and objectives of the research activity, including key research questions. Show briefly how existing research has informed the proposed activity and explain what the research activity will add and how it addresses an area of importance. (Maximum 300 words)
BACKGROUND AND LEARNING OUTCOMES I am an emotional empowerment coach based in South Wales, I work with adults and children to develop a deeper self knowledge to achieve their goals. My approach combines coaching, teaching, counselling skills and facilitation to allow clients to develop a better understanding of self, emotional intelligence, self awareness, values, previous knowledge and future goals. My interest for this paper is to explore self knowledge from the coach perspective. AIMS The aim of the research will be: To define Self knowledge in coaching To determine the effectiveness of understanding of self knowledge in the coach LEARNING OUTCOMES To explore the impact of my own self knowledge on the coaching process To comprehend where self knowledge is gained and how to identify learning opportunities for improving self knowledge PREVIOUS RESEARCH Self knowledge has been previously researched within the realms of psychology and philosophy, however with coaching being a relatively new concept there is room to understand the role of self knowledge within the process of coaching Neisser, U. (1988). Five kinds of self‐knowledge. Philosophical Psychology, 1(1), pp.35-59. BOYLE, M. (2009). Two Kinds of Self-Knowledge. Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, 78(1), pp.133-164.
Proposed methods Provide a brief summary of all the methods that may be used in the research activity, making it clear what specific techniques may be used. If methods other than those listed in this section are deemed appropriate later, additional ethical approval for those methods will be needed. (Maximum 600 words)
Methodological position Given individual nature of the outcome of coaching, the research aims to allow for and capture personal opinions and experience implementing the grounded theory method, using deductive reasoning. Bandura, A. (1974). Behavior theory and the models of man.American Psychologist. Interview The five interviews will take place face to face or skype, and will include a combination of open ended and closed questions to gather quantitative data relating to self knowledge in the role of the coach. Interviews will be digitally recorded and interviewer notation if the participant agrees and it will also be recorded via interviewer notation. Survey The survey will be an online resource where a request to complete the survey will be emailed to agreed participants with the information pertaining to their right to cancel at any time and how the data will be used. The aim of the survey is to gather a larger quantity of responses using the same questions as the interviews Participants Professional coaches who deliver in a variety of genres, for example business coaching, performance coaching, life coaching to name but a few. All responses will be anonymised and records will be destroyed on completion of the paper. (this box should expand as you type)

Location of research activity

Identify all locations where research activity will take place.

Researchers office, neutral environment agreed with by the participant, participants office, Skype

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Research activity outside of the UK

If research activity will take place overseas, you are responsible for ensuring that local ethical considerations are complied with and that the relevant permissions are sought. Specify any local guidelines (e.g. from local professional associations/learned societies/universities) that exist and whether these involve any ethical stipulations beyond those usual in the UK (provide details of any licenses or permissions required). Also specify whether there are any specific ethical issues raised by the local context in which the research activity is taking place, for example, particular cultural sensitivities or vulnerabilities of participants.

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SECTION F: Scope of Research Activity

Will the research activity include:	YES	NO
Use of a questionnaire or similar research instrument?		☐
Use of interviews?		☐
Use of diaries?	☐
Participant observation with their knowledge?	☐
Participant observation without their knowledge?	☐
Use of video or audio recording?		☐
Access to personal or confidential information without the participants’ specific consent?	☐
Administration of any questions, test stimuli, presentation that may be experienced as physically, mentally or emotionally harmful / offensive?	☐
Performance of any acts which may cause embarrassment or affect self-esteem?	☐
Investigation of participants involved in illegal activities?	☐
Use of procedures that involve deception?	☐
Administration of any substance, agent or placebo?	☐
Working with live vertebrate animals?	☐
Other primary data collection methods, please explain in this box	☐	X

If NO to every question, then the research activity is (ethically) low risk and may be exempt from some of the following sections (please refer to Guidance Notes).

If YES to any question, then no research activity should be undertaken until full ethical approval has been obtained.

SECTION G: Intended Participants

Who are the intended participants:	YES	NO
Students or staff at the University?	☐
Adults (over the age of 18 and competent to give consent)?		☐
Vulnerable adults?	☐
Children under 18?	☐
Prisoners?	☐
Young offenders?	☐
Those who could be considered to have a particularly dependent relationship with the investigator or a gatekeeper?	☐
People engaged in illegal activities?	☐
Others (please identify):	☐	☐

Participant numbers and source

Provide an estimate of the expected number of participants. How will you identify participants and how will they be recruited?

Five interviews and twenty surveys

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Information for participants:	YES	NO	N/A
Will you describe the main research procedures to participants in advance, so that they are informed about what to expect?		☐	☐
Will you tell participants that their participation is voluntary?		☐	☐
Will you obtain written consent for participation?		☐	☐
Will you explain to participants that refusal to participate in the research will not affect their treatment or education (if relevant)?		☐	☐
If the research is observational, will you ask participants for their consent to being observed?	☐	☐
Will you tell participants that they may withdraw from the research at any time and for any reason?		☐	☐
With questionnaires, will you give participants the option of omitting questions they do not want to answer?		☐	☐
Will you tell participants that their data will be treated with full confidentiality and that, if published, it will not be identifiable as theirs?		☐	☐
Will you debrief participants at the end of their participation, in a way appropriate to the type of research undertaken?		☐	☐
If NO to any of above questions, please give an explanation
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Information for participants:	YES	NO	N/A
Will participants be paid?	☐		☐
Is specialist electrical or other equipment to be used with participants?	☐		☐
Are there any financial or other interests to the investigator or University arising from this study?	☐		☐
Will the research activity involve deliberately misleading participants in any way, or the partial or full concealment of the specific study aims?	☐		☐
If YES to any question, please provide full details
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SECTION H: Anticipated Risks

Outline any anticipated risks that may adversely affect any of the participants, the researchers and/or the University, and the steps that will be taken to address them.

If you have completed a full risk assessment (for example as required by a laboratory, or external research collaborator) you may append that to this form.

Full risk assessment completed and appended?

No X

Risks to participants

For example: emotional distress, financial disclosure, physical harm, transfer of personal data, sensitive organisational information

Every participant will be given the option as to how they engage with the research if they choose to participate, they will have direct communication with the researcher to ask questions. Each participant will be given an information sheet, written in simple terms prior to engaging in the research participants will be advised of the voluntary nature of participating, consent and their right to withdraw consent at any time. They will be advised that all data presented in the research paper will be anonymous.

They will be encouraged to monitor and prioritise their own wellbeing. Every participant will be debriefed and given a debrief information sheet providing contact details of support agencies if they feel they need to access support. This information will also be available at any time should participants request it.

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If research activity may include sensitive, embarrassing or upsetting topics (e.g. sexual activity, drug use) or issues likely to disclose information requiring further action (e.g. criminal activity), give details of the procedures to deal with these issues, including any support/advice (e.g. helpline numbers) to be offered to participants. Note that where applicable, consent procedures should make it clear that if something potentially or actually illegal is discovered in the course of a project, it may need to be disclosed to the proper authorities

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Risks to investigator

For example: personal safety, physical harm, emotional distress, risk of accusation of harm/impropriety, conflict of interest

The researcher’s lone working policy will be implemented at all time for the researcher, interviewers and participants protection. There is a risk of the research being conducted with bias and a loss of objectivity should the researcher expect a specific outcome, questions, statements and discussion topics aim to be written in such a way to encourage openness and honesty from participants. The authenticity of the research could be called into question affecting the business reputation if steps are not taken to ensure objectivity and impartiality at all times.

The researcher has been allocated a supervisor, namely Dr Peggy Marshall to support her in the her research

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University/institutional risks

For example: adverse publicity, financial loss, data protection

Data protection is a potential risk but all information will be kept safe, computer based will be kept in a password locked laptop, hard copies will be kept in a lockable draw.

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Adverse outcomes

List measures put in place to limit any adverse effects or outcomes of research activity where appropriate. Include any emergency protocols.

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Disclosure and Barring Service
If the research activity involves children or vulnerable adults, a Disclosure and Barring Service (DBS) certificate must be obtained before any contact with such participants.	YES	NO	N/A
Has a DBS certificate been obtained?	☐	☐	X

SECTION I: Feedback, Consent and Confidentiality

Feedback

What feedback will be provided to participants, how will this be done and when?

Feedback regarding the outcome of the research will be given in the form of the resulting paper. Should any questions be asked in the meantime, confidentiality of every participant will be respected at all time and the questions answered where possible.

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Informed consent

Describe the arrangements to inform potential participants, before providing consent, of what is involved in participating. Describe the arrangements for participants to provide full consent before data collection begins. If gaining consent in this way is inappropriate, explain how consent will be obtained and recorded.

Participants will be provided with a hard copy of the process and information regarding the research. They will be contacted by telephone or email in the first instance to enquire as to their wish to take part in the research or not. If they agree an email or hard copy of the information will be sent with contact details of the researcher with a follow up call agreed prior to consent being obtained. Each contact will be recorded, consent will be recorded on the hard copy.

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Confidentiality / Anonymity

Set out how anonymity of participants and confidentiality will be ensured in any outputs. If anonymity is not being offered, explain why this is the case.

Anonymity and confidentiality are guaranteed for each participant, they will not be required to put their names to any of the research questionnaires or case study notes, once their consent is obtained they shall remain nameless in the research paper

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SECTION J: Data Protection and Storage

In completing this section refer to the University’s Research Data Management Policy and the extensive resources on the University’s Research Data Management web pages (http://uwtsd.ac.uk/library/research-data-management/).

	YES	NO
Does the research activity involve personal data (as defined by the Data Protection Act)? “personal data” means data which relate to a living individual who can be identified— (a) from those data, or (b) from those data and other information which is in the possession of, or is likely to come into the possession of, the data controller, and includes any expression of opinion about the individual and any indication of the intentions of the data controller or any other person in respect of the individual.	☐	X
If YES, provide a description of the data and explain why this data needs to be collected:
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Does it involve sensitive personal data (as defined by the Data Protection Act)? “*Sensitive personal data”* means personal data consisting of information as to – (a) the racial or ethnic origin of the data subject, (b) his political opinions, (c ) his religious beliefs or other beliefs of a similar nature, (d) whether he is a member of a trade union (within the meaning of the Trade Union and Labour Relations (Consolidation) Act 1992), (e) his physical or mental health or condition, (f) his sexual life, (g) the commission or alleged commission by him of any offence, or (h) any proceedings for any offence committed or alleged to have been committed by him, the disposal of such proceedings or the sentence of any court in such proceedings.
If YES, provide a description of the data and explain why this data needs to be collected:
The participants will be discussing their mental health in terms of recovery and coaching (this box should expand as you type)

Will the research activity involve storing personal data on one of the following:	YES	NO
Manual files (i.e. in paper form)?	X	☐
University computers?	☐	X
Private company computers?	☐	X
Home or other personal computers?	☐	X
Laptop computers/ CDs/ Portable disk-drives/ memory sticks?	X	☐
“Cloud” storage or websites?	X	☐
Other – specify:	☐	☐
For all stored data, explain the measures in place to ensure data confidentiality, including details of password protection, encryption and anonymisation:
The information provided to an online platform (survey monkey is the intended platform) will be stored in account with password protection, no names will be requested, each questionnaire will be anonymously completed Hard copies will be kept in a locked cabinet in the office. (this box should expand as you type)
Will the research activity involve any of the following activities:	YES	NO
Electronic transfer of data in any form?		☐
Sharing of data with others at the University?	☐	X
Sharing of data with other organisations?	☐	X
Export of data outside the European Union or importing of data from outside the UK?	☐	X
Use of personal addresses, postcodes, faxes, emails or telephone numbers?	☐	X
Publication of data that might allow identification of individuals?	☐	X
Use of data management system?	☐	X
Data archiving?	☐	X
If YES to any question, please provide full details, explaining how this will be conducted in accordance with the Data Protection Act (and/or any international equivalent):
Questionnaires will be processed using password coded email and survey monkey. (this box should expand as you type)

List all who will have access to the data generated by the research activity:

Hayley Wheeler (researcher)

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List who will have control of, and act as custodian(s) for, data generated by the research activity:

Hayley Wheeler (researcher)

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Give details of data storage arrangements, including where data will be stored, how long for, and in what form. Will data be archived – if so how and if not why not.

All data will be stored for the length of the research and the consequential writing of the paper, the online platform will have password security, notes will be kept in a locked draw in the interviewers office and will be destroyed upon completion of the paper.

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SECTION K: Declaration

The information which I have provided is correct and complete to the best of my knowledge. I have attempted to identify any risks and issues related to the research activity and acknowledge my obligations and the rights of the participants.

In submitting this application I hereby confirm that I undertake to ensure that the above named research activity will meet the University’s Research Ethics and Integrity Code of Practice

Signature of applicant:

Date:

For students:

Director of Studies/Supervisor:
Signature:
Date:

For staff:

Head of School/Assistant Dean:
Signature:
Date:

Checklist: Please complete the checklist below to ensure that you have completed the form according to the guidelines and attached any required documentation:

☐	I have read the guidance notes supplied before completing the form.
☐	I have completed ALL RELEVANT sections of the form in full.
☐	I confirm that the research activity has received approval in principle
☐	I have attached a copy of final/interim approval from external organisation (where appropriate)
☐	I have attached a full risk assessment (and have NOT completed Section H of this form) (where appropriate)
☐	I understand that it is my responsibility to ensure that the above named research activity will meet the University’s Research Ethics and Integrity Code of Practice.
☐	I understand that before commencing data collection all documents aimed at respondents (including information sheets, consent forms, questionnaires, interview schedules etc.) must be confirmed by the DoS/Supervisor, module tutor or Head of School.

RESEARCH STUDENTS AND STAFF ONLY

All communications relating to this application during its processing must be in writing and emailed to [email protected] , with the title ‘Ethical Approval’ followed by your name.

You will be informed of the outcome of your claim by email; therefore it is important that you check your University and personal email accounts regularly.

STUDENTS ON UNDERGRADUATE OR TAUGHT MASTERS PROGRAMMES should submit this form (and receive the outcome) via systems explained to you by the supervisor/module leader.

This form is available electronically from the Academic Office web pages: http://www.uwtsd.ac.uk/academic-office/

Application Process

All staff research projects and all research students must submit the Ethical Approval Form to the University Ethics Committee via the Academic Office ([email protected]). Staff research directly in relation to personal study for taught undergraduate or Masters programmes should be submitted via the Faculty procedures explained below.

Taught masters and taught undergraduate research Ethical Approval Forms are considered within Faculties. Faculties will provide details of the specific processes for this. Where the Ethical issues within any single ethical application are of particular concern the Faculty will refer these to the University Ethics Committee. Any student activity that involves the collection of primary data needs to undergo Ethical approval, this includes assignment work as well as dissertations.

Notes for guidance in completion of this form

Section A: About You

Please complete all relevant sections

Section B: Approval for research activity

Research proposals must be approved in principle before applying for Ethical Approval. The proposal approval only becomes final when the ethical approval is received.

The process for proposal approval varies according the individual and programme of study:

Research students, by application on form PG1 to the Research Degrees Committee
Taught students by review of research proposal within Faculties (Faculties provide specific details of these processes)
Staff, by agreement by the Head of School/Assistant Dean

Section C: External Ethical Guidance materials

Many discipline areas are required to operate with the discipline specific codes of research ethics (for example health, psychology, education etc.), any such codes must be listed and you must tick to confirm that you have consulted with these.

Section D: External Collaborative Research Activity

Provide details of the external collaborative partners, where appropriate you might want to submit a copy of the external collaboration agreement with the Ethical Approval Form. If the partner requires the research to be subject to its own internal Ethical approval process then please provide details of that process and a copy of any final (or interim) approvals received from the organisation.

Section E: Details of Research Activity

Remember that the individuals reviewing this Ethical Approval Form may not have seen your research proposal, and also may not be experts in the specific area of your research. The information provided should therefore be jargon free and clearly stated.

Indicative Title: please use the same title as used on the research proposal.

Purpose: the Ethical approval process will want to ensure that the methods you propose are adequate and appropriate to address the research aims and objectives. Excessive additional data collection can be seen as unethical.

Proposed Methods: the Ethical approval process seeks to ensure that you understand the methods that are intended, and that the implementation of those methods will be appropriate and without unnecessary impact on respondents. Please be specific.

Location: this needs to mention geographical location and also local situation (for example, within Local Authority Offices in Cardiff, using a private room but close to other individuals). If you are collecting data within an organisational setting then you need to explain the permissions that you have obtained to do this.

Research Activity outside of the UK: please complete this section in detail, and note any guidance you have received. Also describe your own familiarity (or not) with the location that you will be utilising.

Section F: Scope of Research Activity

Please tick ALL of the research activities that might be undertaken. If any additional types of activity are intended then please add an extra box and describe these.

If you have answered no to all questions in F then sections G and J do not need to be completed. Section H should be considered, and may be completed. Signatures are still required in section K.

Section G: Intended Participants

Please tick all categories that might apply.

Numbers & Source: if you are using a series of different methods or research activities please list numbers for each stage/phase. Be clear about how you will find respondents. Will you use intermediaries, and if so how? How will you ensure compliance with your sampling strategy?

Information for participants: all participants should be appropriately informed about the research, what is expected of them and what will happen to the information that they provide. The Ethical review process does not ask to see this documentation, but requires this to be reviewed and approved by the Director of Studies in the case of research students, the supervisor/module tutor in relation to students on taught programmes and the Head of School/Assistant Dean in relation to staff research.

Section H: Anticipate Risks

All research carries some level of risk. The answers you provide to questions in this section will be reviewed to ensure that you have an appropriate understanding of the type of risks involved and how you can mitigate against these risks. If you have completed a full risk assessment, as required for example for laboratory work, field work, clinical tests, diving operations, or by a collaborative partner, you may append that to this form. In that case, please tick the box indicating this has been provided. You will not then be required to complete Section H.

Risk to participants Think very carefully about how your actions/questions/discussions might affect the people you are involving as participants. You might identify the risk as small but it would still be a risk. Many types of question have the potential to make respondents less content with their life / job; you need to recognise and try to ameliorate any such effects

If these are business owners, time with you may reduce profit.

In some locations physical risk is very real to both participants and yourself, please consider this.

Risk to you, the researcher Think about where you will meet people, if there are any dangers involved in the location. If you are meeting people as individuals think about using a public place. In general do not visit people in their own homes or remote locations. If you are talking to individuals about certain issues think about how their responses might affect you emotionally. What about the risk of collecting insufficient data?

Risk to the University When undertaking your research, you are acting as a member of the University (student or staff). Professionalism is important, so it is important to be well organised and well prepared. Punctuality, clarity etc. are all part of this. What will you do to ensure this? You must ensure you do not harm the good name of the University in any way and do nothing to undermine the reputation of the research it conducts and sponsors. Upholding high standards of conduct and integrity are vital in this regard. You must also conduct the research in such a way to minimise the potential for claims of negligence made against the University, its researchers and any collaborating individual or organisation. In this respect you should always comply with ethical, legal and professional frameworks, obligations and standards as required by statutory and regulatory authorities, as well as the university’s Research Integrity and Ethics Code of Practice. Research misconduct in this respect can take many forms, including:

fabrication: making up results or other outputs (eg, artefacts) and presenting them as if they were real
falsification: manipulating research processes or changing or omitting data without good cause
plagiarism: using other people’s material without giving proper credit
failure to meet ethical, legal and professional obligations: for example failure to declare competing interests; misrepresentation of involvement or authorship; misrepresentation of interests; breach of confidentiality; lack of informed consent; misuse of personal data; and abuse of research subjects or material
improper dealing with allegations of misconduct: failing to address possible infringements such as attempts to cover up misconduct and reprisals against whistle-blowers

Adverse Outcomes. Think carefully about the possibilities, and cover here

Section I: Feedback, Consent and Confidentiality

Feedback to participants: outline your approach. Will interview transcripts be shared with respondents to check accuracy? Will summaries of questionnaire analysis be made available to respondents in some way? Will an overview report be provided? How and when?

Informed consent: Draft letter / e-mail / or heading (or footer) section of questionnaire must be approved by DoS/supervisor (if research student), supervisor/module tutor if taught student, or Head of School / Assistant Dean if a member of staff.

Confidentiality/Anonymity. Explain clearly how you will ensure confidentiality and anonymity.

Section J: Data Protection and Storage

Before completing this section it is necessary to read the University’s Research Data Management information. The questions that follow are designed to ensure compliance with the Data Protection Act as well as established research protocols.

Many research activities will involve electronic transfer of data and use of data management systems in the summarisation and analysis of data. You will need to explain these in relation to compliance with the Data Protection Act.

Think carefully about who will have access to your data, this will include supervisors and examiners. Also that a thesis will be made available via the University library and the British Library system. If you are seeking an access bar for a period of time after completion then mention it here. If you will provide a copy of your findings, or intend to give a presentation, to a facilitating/ supporting/accessing organisation then explain that in this section. But also think about the general principle of data sharing, as explained in the Research Data Management information.

In terms of storage of data please ensure security, and also mitigate against loss of data.

Section K: Declaration

Ensure the appropriate countersignatures have been provided

Look carefully at the checklist and ensure that you comply with and tick all that are relevant to your research.

July 2017 19 Ethical Approval Form v6