I need an APA style paper 20 pages 1 table and 1 chart on Labor Union Bargaining Power. I've attached my outline and annotated bibliography. This paper can not be over 20% similarly when I turn it i

Odarious L. Chambers

Labor Union Bargaining Power

Webster University

HRMG 6000

Author’s Note

Certificate of Authorship: This paper was prepared by us for this specific course and is not a result of plagiarism or self-plagiarism. We have cited all sources from which we used data, ideas or words either quoted or paraphrased.

Introduction

Bargaining power can be said to be the ability of the employees or firm to get what it wants, where it is closely related to the trade unions. Workers should join a trade union to influence the wage making process in the form. Workers in a monopoly have relatively lower bargaining power. In my paper, I will be discussing labor union bargaining power using various sources and annotated bibliography.

1. Choi, Chil Sun; Sohn, Pando; Seo, Ji-Yong (2016): Relationship between leverage and the bargaining power of labor unions: Evidence from theoretical and empirical perspectives, Estudios de Economía, ISSN 0718-5286, Universidad de Chile, Departamento de Economía, Santiago de Chile, Vol. 43, Iss. 1, pp. 53-69.

This was a study carried out trying to examine if a firm’s leverage can be strategically used in improving its overall bargaining position, which organized labor unions. In the research, samples were from 1999 to 2013 obtained from non-financial firms which were listed on the Korean Stock Exchange. There was empirical testing which established that the portfolio with the lowest union labor coverage, had relatively lower leverage. It was able to establish that collective bargaining power influenced leverage positively by regression of the labor union’s bargaining power despite the method of analysis used, i.e. dynamic and static. The article was able to understand the collective bargaining power corresponding positively influences that leverage to the regression results. The weaknesses of this article are that the samples were covered for a shorter time and that it was important to use financial data when a firm is facing a union strike.

1. Beladi, H., & Mukherjee, A. (2017). Union bargaining power, subcontracting and innovation. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 137, 90-104.

This is an article that tries to emphasize if an organization can subcontract production to an informal sector, there may either be a decrease or increase to its innovation or increase the bargaining power of a union. When the union’s bargaining power of a firm increases, it is worse for the firm despite the innovation’s effect. On the other hand, of the union’s power increases, there is an increase in consumer surplus and a decrease in union utility which ends up affecting innovations; this is the core reason why unions may not want to be very powerful. Hence social welfare is ambiguously affected by an increase in the union’s power. The analysis of this article has created new insights on the relationship that existing between the union’s bargaining power and innovation.

1. Yoshida, S. (2018). Bargaining power and firm profits in asymmetric duopoly: an inverted-U relationship. Journal of Economics, 124(2), 139-158. URL https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00712-017-0563-3.

This article tries to focus on how the union bargaining power affects the company’s profits. While focusing on the industries that are related vertically with one upstream and two downstream firms, there are different marginal costs. For every pair, bargains were made over a linear wholesale price while the downstream firms engaged in the competition. The article shows how the downstream firms were going to benefit from an increase in the bargaining power of the upstream firms. The article was able to get similar results is every downstream firm made a trade with the upstream firms only. This paper is important since it was able to challenge the facts that upstream firms at all times make the downstream firms worse.

1. Kononova, M., Rapp, M. S., & Udoieva, I. (2019). Improving Bargaining Power or Putting Safety First? Ownership Structure and the Effect of Labor Market Regulation on Leverage. Ownership Structure and the Effect of Labor Market Regulation on Leverage (February 17, 2019).

The article discusses the previous works with explanations that are competing about the effect of labor market regulation on the firm’s debt demand, the results for this article illustrate two views on financial flexibility and use of debt strategically. The article focused on changing labor laws in twenty-eight countries where it was able to establish that the employment’s casual effect of employment protection was almost zero. There is a suggestion that regulatory induced increase in labor-power gives an organization more incentives to raise its debts. The article examined a non-utility listed organization for twenty years where the results were that higher ownership concentration lessens the positive effect of labor unions on financial leverage which makes the relationship to be more negative.

1. Guschanski, A., & Onaran, Ö. (2020). The decline in the wage share: falling bargaining power of labor or technological progress? Industry-level evidence from the OECD (No. 29007). University of Greenwich, Greenwich Political Economy Research Centre.

This article investigates if the current downward trend in the wage share is affected by the change in technology or an increase or decrease in the bargaining power. Fourteen countries were used in an econometric analysis from 1970 to 2014. These analyses were to determine whether wage determinants of the wage share are different from the service and manufacturing industries. The findings of this research show that there was a decrease in the wage share due to a fall in the labor union’s bargaining power. There is not robustness in the effect of technological changes. The article also showed that there was a negative effect on the workers who were middle-skilled this the weakness of this reference shows doubt in the technological hypothesis changes that are based on skills.

1. Chu, A. C., Kou, Z., & Liu, X. (2018). Labor union and the wealth-income ratio. Economics Letters, 167, 29-35. Online at https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/84710/ MPRA Paper No. 84710, posted 20 Feb 2018 06:46 UTC.

This article focuses on how the labor union affects the wealth-income ratio in an innovation-driven growth model. In case the union is wage or labor-oriented, then a bargaining power decrease would have a positive effect on the wealth-income ratio. After calibrating in the model data, there was an implication that when there is a decrease in the bargaining power of the union, there is an increase in the wealth-income ratio. This is where there is a third increase in the American wealth-income ratio generally.