Help with the last 2 questions only

LING 811 Assignment 1 (38)

1. Consider the following table of results. 4

1. What kind of stratification do these results represent? Support your answer based on the values shown in the table.

1. Consider the following table of results on that dropping in different age groups.

Describe the distribution and discuss any changes over time you can observe. 3

An example: I don’t think that this is the way you should write it.
I don’t think ø this is the way you should write it.

1. Consider the following graph. It represents the rates of speakers using [f], [t], ø as opposed to standard θ. For example: tought fought, or ought instead of thought;

1. Describe the stratification of the social classes with respect to this distribution. 4

2. In many studies, it has been shown that women exhibit what has been termed the sociolinguistic gender pattern. Describe this gender pattern and discuss it with reference to the distribution shown in the above graph. Does it show in this distribution? 6

1. This graph compares the distribution of typical African American Vernacular (AAV) properties in the speech of a Caucasian speaker “Mike” trying to sound “black” and the distribution of those properties in African Americans and Caucasian speakers.

Describe the distribution with respect to:

1. What features reflect his successful imitation? 3

2. What features show more Caucasian properties? 3

3. How do these features differ? 2

4. Which types of features of AAV clearly exist in Caucasian speech? 1

5. Based on your answer in d, does Mike’s speech reflect a successful or unsuccessful imitation? Explain your answer. 3

6. Considering Mike’s distribution what kind of linguistic variable is represented in the more successful variables in Mike’s speech? 1

1. Give two arguments why a dialect is not a substandard variant of a language. Give two arguments why that view can be supported. Give examples to support your arguments. 8