Please answer all questions in full sentences. 1. In the late 1920s The Chicago jazz scene begins to fade. Which city becomes the focal point for nightclub work, music publishing, radio, record
Paul Whiteman Fletcher Henderson Early Swing Conclusion The earliest New Orleans “jass ” bands were generally rough and tumble small groups of players with little formal training. As jazz moved up the Mississippi to Chicago, the grou ps go t bigger and the musicians had more skills. As the Chicago sound and influence makes its way to the New York area the bands get larger still and, in some cases, the music gets “watered down ” (Society dance bands). This “watering down ” is not necessarily a bad thing because it does introduce many people to, at least, some form of jazz.People, who wouldn ’t dare go to a downto wn club in which black band might be playing a more exuberant style of jazz , would at least get a safe introduction through bands such as Pau l Whiteman ’s. The two names we focused on for this early swing band period were Fletcher Henderson ’s and Duke Ellington ’s. Fletcher and his colleague, Don Re dman , helped to standardize a me thod of arranging that would accommodate large bands (sectional arranging). This allowed for relatively simple arrangement s that could swing hard and still allow space for soloists to shine. Fletcher Henderson ’s arrange ments and methods would be used by Benny Goodman to start the “Swing Era ”; a time when jazz mus ic was America ’s popular music. Duke Ellington is one of America ’s greatest composers. His early beginnings at Harlem ’s Cotton Club set him off on an astonishing career of constant composing and touring. A live radio simulcast of his Cotton Club shows make s him a household name and also helps to break down racial barriers . While his early Cotton Club compositions are fairly raw and raucous , Ellington ’s style develops into one of pure sophistication. His “orchestral ” arranging style is studied and admired by serious jazz composers to this day.
