Give a short answer to each question (Use whole sentences!) 1-10. 1. The reading lists three qualities that can be used to describe and categorize “cool” jazz. What are they? 2. What Qualities are

“Cool Jazz” –Debra Hurd 2009 Defining “Cool Jazz” Bebop was a revolutionary force in jazz; new harmonies, blistering tempos, virtuoso techniques. The bebop attitude was that if the audience didn’t “get” i t, then that was their problem. To its purveyors, this was high art. Bebop was a clear cut departure from mainstream popular swing music. It seemed to slap jazz awake from the slumber of the commercial swing era. While, not all jazz musicians (and certainly not all jazz fans ) embraced the new style, it stridently demonstrated that new directions were available . One thing bebop did do was cause a reaction! Some embraced the new sounds and approaches. On the other hand, traditional, New Orleans and Chicago style, jazz enjoyed a renaissance in direct reaction to the new sound . Others shifted to a more rhythm and blues based style of “hard bop” and others gravitated towards the smooth , homogeneous sound of “cool jazz” . While the first significant examples of a “coo l jazz” approach come from New York, the sound became inextricably linked to the west coast of the United States. “West Coast Cool” featured primarily white musicians playing a style of jazz that has very little, if any, elements of the blues in it. “Cool” jazz, like any categorization of art, is not going to be that easy to pin down as a style. But, here are some qualities that might help to define it:  Mild tone or texture - None of the brash, over the top pyrotechnics of Bebop.  Slower tempos -The temp os of most “cool” could be classified as slow or medium . Even if a tune has a relatively fast beat the music over it will be calm and cool.  Rich harmonies are allowed exist on their own - While Bebop (and even swing) relied on chord progressions , many “cool ” tunes have very limited chord progressions. The beauty of a nice, thick juicy chord is given the time to be savored and explored on its own. These qualities gave Cool jazz a much more “user friendly” sound. Some of the jazz audience found this style quit e appealing. On the west coast, a “college circuit” developed. Artists like Dave Brubeck, Gerry Mulligan and Stan Getz enjoyed great popularity and record sales performing for young (and primarily white) college audiences.