Give a short answer to each question (Use whole sentences!) 1-10. 1. The reading lists three qualities that can be used to describe and categorize “cool” jazz. What are they? 2. What Qualities are

There was a vibrant jazz club scene in Los Angeles, the San Francisco Bay Area and all the way up to Seattle. Many of the Los Angeles musicians were working in the Hollywood movie studios as studio musicians . One cool jazz hotspot was The Lighthouse in Hermosa Beach. The club is still there today although Karaoke and hip -hop DJs dominate the line -up. One of the more notable cool jazz lineups was the “piano -less” quartet of Gerry Mulligan with Chet Baker. The story goes that the club they were playing in had such a sm all stage that there was no room for a piano so they did the gig with Gerry on baritone sax, Chet on trumpet and a drummer and bass player . The lack of piano gave the music a much lighter feel plus it allowed great interplay between Mulligan and Baker. Lis ten to Mulligan’s “Walking Shoes” from about 1952 and pay attention to the interplay between Mulligan’s baritone sax and Baker’s trumpet. “Bernie’s Tune” is another fun example of their interplay. Mulligan and Baker have a great time interweaving lines wit h each other. Although the tune is fairly quick and aggressive, the lack of piano still makes it feel relatively light and… “cool” Mulligan and Baker both ended up with heroin problems. Mulligan did some time in jail and Baker went on to record some vocal records, most notably “My Funny Valentine”, which became very successful. When Mulligan got out of jail he tried to get the group back together but Baker declined for financial reasons. Baker had plenty of hard times due to drugs. In 1966 he had his teeth knocked out in an altercation in San Francisco (most likely buying drugs). In 1988 he died by falling out of his balcony in Amsterdam. Drugs were found in his system and his room. Young Chet Baker After years of abuse!