Give a correct short answer to each question (Use whole sentences!). Read the attachment files to find the answer to the question. 1. Give a basic definition/description of “hard bop” as given on

Jimmy Smith The Organ Trios and Guitarists While the standard instrumentation for a hard bop group was usually trumpet, sax, piano, bass and drums, other configurations did develop. One of the more popular was the organ trio. This would consist of an organist (the Hammond B -3 model was the organ of choice), a guitarist and a drummer. The bass duties were handled by the organist with either the left hand or…..their feet (most organs have foot pedals arranged just like the keys up top!) The king of the organists would have to be Jimmy Smith . His fee l for the blues and his hard driving swing put at the top of most people’s lists. Other notable organist from the period would Jimmy McGriff, Brother Jack McDuff, Richard “Groove” Holmes and current artists such as Joey DeFrancesco and John Medeski of Med eski, Martin and Wood (a relatively successful “jam band” trio of today) The organ trios also provided a great opportunity for many guitarists. Many of today’s most heralded jaz z guitarists spent time in various or gan trio and quartet ( with an added tenor sax) formats. The great Wes Montgomery, George Benson, Kenny Burre ll, Pat Martino, John McLaughlin, Grant Green and many others all enjoyed this format. If Jimmy Smith is king o f the organists from this period than Wes Montgomery must be crowned king of the guitarists. (Many would crown him outright king period!) Wes’ use of his thumb gave him a rich, round sound. His playing features intricate and highly melodic passages done in octaves (two notes simultaneously an octave apart)and as chord melodys (extremely difficult on the guitar). Some of the “swingingest” and “grooviest” of the blues based hard bop jazz came out of this genre and these two men. First listen to “Organ Grinder ’s Swing” from Jimmy Smith , with Kenny Burrell on guitar and then listen to “Missile Blues” from Wes Montgomery, Mel Rhyne on Organ and Paul Parker on drums. Jimmy Smith and his Hammond B -3. Note the foot pedals visible down below.