Give a correct short answer to each question (Use whole sentences!). Read the attachment files to find the answer to the question. 1. Give a basic definition/description of “hard bop” as given on
Charlie Mingus Dexter Gordon Cliffo rd Brown Joey DeFrancesco Sonny Rollins Hard Bop Conclusions - The hard bop style means different things to different people. Some associate it with the horn based bands of Art Blakey, Clifford Brown and Charles Mingus . Others think of the groovy organ trios of Jimmy Smith, Wes Montgomery and today ’s Joey DeFrancesco. Some others think of the “soul jazz ” of people like Ca nnonball Adderley, Ramsey Lewis a nd Gene Harris . Then the is another rather large group that feels that virtually anything after Bebop that is somewhat “straight ahead ” and driving would be in the hard bop category. Th is would include John Coltrane, Sonny Rollins, Dexter Gord on and other post -bop , straight ahead improvis ers. It seems most scholars and textbooks refer to “hard bop ” as a rhythm and blues/gospel based jazz from the mid 1950s thru the 1960s and even into the 1970s. Regardless of what you call it, or how you try and categorize it, the mid 1950s through the 1960s was an incredibly prolific and creative time for jazz music.Future chapters will look at the avant -garde explorations of Miles Davis, John Coltrane and Ornette Coleman; the straight ahead “post -bop ” of Coltr ane, Sonny Rollins, Dexter Gordo n; the fusion of rock instruments with jazz values in the jazz fusion movement. The outpouring of creativity and innovation that took place d uring this time period is truly astounding. Internet radio and various music sites along with “YouTube ” type sites make exploring this music easier than ever ……have at it!
