In no more than 3-4 sentences, respond to the following: Provide a null hypothesis and an alternative hypothesis for a research experiment that utilizes the one-tailed test or the two-tailed test. Be

Olson’s Notes: The Four Steps of the Hypothesis Testing Procedure Step 1 Determine HA and H 0, and assume H 0 is true To specify H A and H 0 , put yourself in the shoes of the researcher and work with specifying H A first. Address the question, what outcome do you desire as the researcher? This is H A.  Is the researcher using adjectives like “more”, “less”, “bigger”, “smaller”, “faster”, etc.; adjectives with the “er” suffix? If so, you have a one -tailed HA.  Is the researcher being a little vague, and saying he/she expects a “difference”, or that the sample mean will be “different” from the norm or another sample mean? If so, you have a two -tailed H A. Step 2 Set alpha. Usually α is .05 or .01. If conducting a t -test, find the degrees of freedom too (df). Then go to the appropriate table and find the critical value of z, or t, or r, depending on which test you are applying . Step 3 Collect your sample of scores and, depending on which test you are applying, calculate z, t, or r using the appropriate formula (the computationally formulae are best). Step 4 Decide to reject or retain H 0.  From Step 3, if the absolute value of your calculated z, t, or r is larger than the critical value found in the table in Step 2, reject H 0.  From Step 3, if the absolute value of your calculated z, t, or r is equal to or smaller than the critical value found in the table in Step 2, retain H 0. Verbal Conclusion If you reject H 0 give a verbal conclusion along the lines of wh at the researcher expected to find, as if it were now validated (not proven though) with these sample data. For example, “Infants born in Van Horn TX have smaller birth weights than the Texas average.” If you retain H 0 give a verbal conclusion along the lines of “no difference”, For example, “Infants born in Van Horn TX do not have smaller birth weights than the Texas average,” or, “Infants born in Van Horn TX do not have birth weights that are different from the Texas average.” Journal Form See Olson’s Notes, Journal Form.