I have attached my incomplete project on Tourism in Texas. Kindly check the first page of the word file, there i have mentioned the subtopics expected from you. I have attached a pdf file as an exampl

They visit places such as the Eiffel Tower, Disneyland Paris, and many more. The Eiffel Tower (La Tour Eiffel) is known as the “universal symbol of Paris” ( Barthes, 1997). The Tower is located at the center of Paris. It is an object and “a complete verb, both active and passive, [making it] a singular monument” (Barthes, 1997). Gustave Eiffel built this tower “in the form of a serious object, rational [and] useful” (Barthes, 1997). This tower is a big reason for tourists visiting the city. In fact, the Tower “invites the city toward its pole of development [and fixes] … the whole structure – geographical, historical, and social – of Paris space” (Barthes, 1997). The Tower is the magic of Paris that brings a cohort of visitors into the city. In addition to one of Paris’ main attractions, the city also contains the most popular amusement park in Europe, known as Disneyla nd Paris. There are plenty of things for tourists to do in Paris, which helps strengthen the city’s ability to bring in more tourists. On top of these popular attractions in Paris, the city provides tourists with phenomenal transportation (metro stations ), accommodation (hotels), dining, adventure tourism and outdoor recreation (bike tours), events (Paris Motor Show), travel services and tourism services. As for dining, “Paris has roughly 8,000 restaurants” ( Herlihy , 2019). The city contains several travel Situation Analysis & Future Plans of Paris | 4 and tour agencies, such as Caravelle Tour Services. This shows how much Paris has to offer for tourists. The city contains many resources to provide hospitable trips. With the presence of the eight components of tourism, it is evident that Paris is a well - developed tourism destination. Therefore, Paris has a solid organization. The city is very welcoming, contains something for everyone, is sustainable, and most importantly, can attract and maintain demand. Although Paris has a solid organization, there are still many opportunities for growth and development. The city plans on emphasizing on the “location and distribution of visible, identifiable services, and facilities [bec ause it is] not necessarily [an] exclusive, tourism orientation” (Pearce, 1999). This will be more convenient for tourists to visit Paris. The city is also implementing the Tourist Safety Plan, which prevents “the risk of attacks, [secures] tourist sites a nd [accompanies] tourists in the event of a problem” (Hidalgo, 2016 ). Another important development plan is ensuring that individuals can live together harmoniously. Paris plans on ensuring that “tourism positively contributes to local economic and social development, and that tourists coexist harmoniously with Parisians” (Hidalgo, 2016). This will allow tourists to feel more comfortable and welcome when visiting the city. Demand for Tourism Number and Origin of Tourists According to Statista (2019), travel and tourism in Paris contributed 198.3 billion euros in 2016. This helps create jobs for tourism employment in the city. In 2018, Paris hit a number of tourists record. There were almost “40 million tourists” (Alexandre, 2019). Below is a graph showing th e number of tourists who stayed at hotels in Paris from 2006 to 2018. Situation Analysis & Future Plans of Paris | 5 Figure 1 . Hotel arrivals in Paris 2006 - 2019. Data from Statista Research Department (2019). With the number of tourists per year, the city generates a lot of revenue. The following graph portrays how much billion United States Dollars (USDs) international visitors spent in Paris from 2010 to 2018. With this graph, it is evident that Paris earns a lot of income from tourists. Figure 2 . International visitor spending in Paris 2010 - 2018. Data from Statista Research Department (2019). Large numbers of these tourists come from the US, UK, Italy and Germany (Dredge et al., 2016). Purpose of Trip As mentioned earlier, tourists visit Paris to discover the city’s attractions. Therefore, the purpose of tourists’ trips are to indulge in the “array of cultural and historic attractions” (Mitchell, 2019). Tourists will always find something to do in this city, whether it be “in areas from fashion an d food to art and history, the venerable City of Light prevails one of the great cultural centers of the world” (Mitchell, 2019 ). Attractions are either walking distance or easily accessible with Paris’ transportation system. With that being said, explorin g what the wonderful city has to offer is what brings tourists to Paris. Situation Analysis & Future Plans of Paris | 6 Key Months/Seasons for Visitations According to the News & World Report (2020), the key months for visiting Paris is between June to August and September to October. Most tourists visit during these months, especially because it is during the summer and fall when the weather is enjoyable. T he following graph demonstrates the average temperature in degrees Celsius and the average precipitation in mm for each month. More outdoor activities and exploring can be done during these months. Figure 3 . Weather in Paris. Da ta from U.S. News & World Report (2020 ). Although the temperature is not the best during the winter time, travelling to Paris is more affordable at this time. In addition, during the months of November and December, the volume of tourists is lower. It is seen in the upcoming graph that the average tourist volume fluctuates during these two months. Therefore, there would be more opportunities to explore the city with a less heavy crowd. If Paris used their marketing strategies to broadcast this more, then t he volume of tourists would increase during the winter time. Figure 4 . Popular Times to Visit Paris. Data from U.S. News & World Report ( 2020 ). Situation Analysis & Future Plans of Paris | 7 Evolution of Visitations As shown in one of the earlier graphs, the number of visitors that stayed in Paris hotels either remained constant or increased between 2006 and 2018. However, there were a few years where the volume of visitors decreased. The following table shows the fluctuations in occupancy rate of hotels from 2011 to 20 19. Figure 5 . Occupancy rate of hotels in Paris form 2011 to 2019. Data from Statista Research Department (2019). According to the Paris Convention and Visitors Bureau (2012), there was an increase in occupancy rate of 2.3% from 2010 to 2011. The city exceeded its threshold of “80% with 81.2% for 3 - star hotels” (Bureau, 2012). Furthermore, there was an even bigger pro gression in occupancy rates for 4 - star hotels with a 78.6% occupancy rate in 2011 ( Bureau, 2012 ). It is evident with these statistics that the tourism in Paris is remarkable with only slight decreases within the past few years. Impact of Tourism Benefits f or Tourism The benefits that tourism brings into Paris are contributions to GDP and employment in France. According to the World Travel Tourism Council ( 2015 ), the travel industry “makes up 3.6 percent of the country’s GDP” ( Garrison, 2015 ). In 2016, tourism contributed “a total of Situation Analysis & Future Plans of Paris | 8 198.3 billion euros … while tourism employment created 2.8 billion jobs, both directly and indirectly” (Luty, 2017 ). According to Hidalgo (2016), Paris generates about 40 million euros and creates 524,000 jobs ever y year. Therefore, tourism helps create job opportunities for Parisians. Barriers to Tourism In contrast to the benefits of tourism in Paris, there are also barriers to tourism acceptance in the city. Some locals are not happy with tourists because they d o not like how tourists spread false information that create a bad image for the country . For instance, individuals think that no Parisians speak English. This resulted from tourists who were “bad - mouthing [Paris by] mistakenly thinking that no one around them will speak English” ( McPartland, 2013). Parisians would prefer visitors to be careful with what they say in public. Impact of Tourism on the Culture In Paris, “creative tourism is now being developed as an alternative to ‘mass’ cultural tourism” (Richards, 2014). With creative tourism, the emphasis is on intangible culture where the “basic experience consists of an exchange of knowledge and skills betw een host and guest” (Richards, 2014). Tourists are now referred to as temporary citizens and they are experiencing the local culture because they stay in areas that locals used to live in. Therefore, they are consuming services that were originally designe d for locals and are exposed to the culture of the city (Richards, 2014). Situation Analysis & Future Plans of Paris | 9 Tourism Management How Tourism is Managed Paris implemented management policies that have “direct and indirect impacts upon collaborative economy tourism accommodation” ( Dredge et al., 2016 ). The city plans on regulating the “requirement to obtain land use planning permission, [which] helps to manage visitor concentrations, flows and impacts on community cohesion and local facilities” ( Dredge et al., 2016 ). Furthermore, Paris has sustainable initiatives for tourists to experience a more environmentally friendly visit. Acco rding to B ureau ( 2020 ), this includes eco - responsible accommodation, exploring the city without polluting the environment, shopping for pl easure and in the interests of sustainable development, and many more. Tourism management in Paris includes ensuring that visitors are enjoying their trip while maintaining the city’s environment and reducing any actions that could impact the community. Ov erview of Training for Tourism Employees Paris trains their tourism employees through the right to individual training (DIF), which “finances and provides training in a variety of different areas” (Disney Corporation, 2014). With the focus on Disneyland Paris employees, each employee is provided with 20 hours of training every year (Disney Corporation, 2014). In addition, new employees are required to “go through a mandatory awareness module relating to accessibility [and] a variety of specialized trainings on a voluntary basis” (Disney Corporatio n, 2014). One mode of training includes a sign language course that is offered through the DIF. Other modes of training are only applicable to certain fields. For instance, the technical services team get specific trainings regarding the call centre for bo okings. These training modules that Paris offers tourism employees are significant in Situation Analysis & Future Plans of Paris | 10 providing a great service to tourists. According to Disney Corporation (2014), the training modules resulted in high satisfaction from both the staff and visitors. Compon ents of the Tourism Destination Area The five components of the Tourism Destination Area are sufficient for tourism in Paris. The city is physically able to support tourists with its land, water supply, and natural beauty. Furthermore, the infrastructure is great for tourists. They come to Paris “ by plane (45%), train (30.5%) or by road (24.5%)” (Hidalgo, 2016) . As for the suprastructure component, Paris “provides a wide range of accommodation to suit different budgets” ( Herlihy, 2019). They cover the foll owing bases: “romantic, historic, styl ish , luxurious, [and] palatial” (Peck, 2020). In addition , there is a variety of choices for restaurants. As mentioned previously, the city has around 8,000 restaurants. Paris is also known for shopping, therefore, the city has several malls and stores that tourists can visit. Paris has a great public transport system. It consists of the “Metro, Tram, RER suburban express t rain, [and] bus and Noctilien” (France Hotel Guide, 2020 ). Lastly, according to Trip Ad visor (2012), Paris hosts are very accommodating and welcoming. They do their best to provide guests with the most convenient service. However, as mentioned earlier, not every Parisian is fond of tourism, which results in “unfriendly treatment towards to urists” ( M cPartland, 2013 ) . Each component is working for Paris, but could develop even further. Out of all 5 components, natural resources , infrastructure, and hospitality of hosts would need the most improvement. This is because Paris is seen as a dirty place to some tourists. Furthermore, to remain as the most popular tourism destination in the world, it is necessary to increase and improve the city’s infrastructure capacities with a 5% increase in the number of tourists a year (Hidalgo, 2016). Lastly, not everyone has a welcoming experience during their visit to the city. Situation Analysis & Future Plans of Paris | 11 Tourism Planning and Marketing Tourism Planning Process Paris has adopted an “all - encompassing strategy for tourism, embodied in this initial Tourism Development Plan” (Hidalgo, 2016 ). This plan will further improve the city’s capital assets and develop offers for tourists. Paris began this plan by incorporating the Parisian identity into their tourism goals. For instance, they are implementing LGBTI tourism and eco - tour ism. The Tourism Development Plan “proposes an ambitious, joint strategy to reinforce Paris’ status as the most popular tourist destination in the world, but also to make it the most welcoming capital, with high - quality, sustainable tourism” ( Hidalgo, 2016 ). Paris will fulfill this by developing their many assets and ensuring that they have something to offer for all individuals.

According to Hidalgo (2016), the steps to creating a harmonious and sustainable tourism in Paris are to : supervise the developmen t of furnished tourism accommodations, analyze the impact that creating international tourist zones has on the local ecosystem, developing a social and solidarity - based economy in the field of tourism, and developing participatory tourism. Paris’ Tourism Development Plan and steps fulfill the mission and vision development, examining alternatives, selecting a plan of action, developing a strategy, and implementing the plan steps of the tourism planning process. Paris could yield better results if they also fulfilled the inventory, trends forecasting, and reviewing its effectiveness steps of the process. However, their plan is already well developed and will strengthen the sustainability of Paris’ tourism while creating a virtuous society. Situation Analysis & Future Plans of Paris | 12 4 Ps of Marketing Through the internet and social media, products that Paris offers include, but are not limited to, Food Tours, Disneyland Paris Deals, Travel Deals for Seniors, and 3 Day Vacation Packages. Paris also sells intangible products, such as its attr actions, to bring tourists into the city. The prices for each product depend on the time of travel and the number of guests. Paris has estimated prices on different websites to help tourists plan for their trips. For instance, for the Paris Food Tours, th ere are estimated prices according to age; 109 euros per adult, 89 euros per teen, and 75 euros per child age 12 and under (Devour Paris, 2012). The places where each product can be bought are through the internet or at the physical location once the traveller has arrived. In addition, the location of each product may either be permanent or may depend on the type of deal purchased. The locations for attractions, such as the Eiffel Tower or Disneyland Paris , would be permanent. In contrast, the places for food tours or 3 Day Vacation packages would depend on the choice of the traveller because t here are different locations for these type of packages. As for promotion, Paris has several tourists who share th eir experience through the word - of - mouth. This has made an impact towards other individuals as they use these sources to decide what to visit in Paris. Other ways Paris promotes its products are through social media and the internet. These sources provide detailed information about the product, price, and place for potential tourists. However, they mainly promote their attractions and how Paris is the City of Light because the beauty of Paris already brings several tourists into the city. Situation Analysis & Future Plans of Paris | 13 To improve future marketing efforts, Paris could create a slogan that would help brand and promote the city. Doing this will bring attention to potential tourists, especially if the slogan is a motto and easy to remember. As much as the city already contains iconic images, such as the famous Eiffel Tower, this slogan could bring more meaning to the city. Future Tourism Plans Based on a review of tourism trends, future tourism plans for Paris would be to develop niche markets, such as “night tourism, green tourism, memorial tourism, savoir - faire tourism, etc” (Hidalgo, 2016). Since several individuals go on trips to have a great experience that they will cherish for a lifetime, creating niche markets will help Paris meet the needs of all types of tourists. Depending on the n iche market, Paris could potentially develop its transportation, accommodation, food and beverage, attractions, event s, adventure tourism and outdoor recreation, travel services, and tourism services. For instance, there can be transportation that run spec ifically for night tourism. Doing so will make transportation easily accessible and safe for tourists who plan on exploring Paris at night. As for accommodation, the city could implement savoir - faire tourism hotels where tourists can view French artwork at the place they will be staying at. Additionally, Paris could create a permanent location and place 5 - 10 different food trucks of all the popular Paris food and beverage s . This would allow tourists to enjoy a variety of food selections in one place instead of travelling from place to place. On the other hand, Paris already has unique attractions, but they can redevelop “the banks of the Seine [and] develop swimming and nautical activities to … make the Seine and the canals a source of attraction for Paris” (Hidalgo, 2016). Niche markets can also create the sense of a tourism event, which would create the desire to visit the city. For outdoor recreation, Paris can develop their rollerblading by Situation Analysis & Future Plans of Paris | 14 night and categorize it under the night tourism niche market. By providing niche markets, travel and tourism services will have an easier time suggesting unique or diverse activities to potential tourists. This can be implemented through the tourism planning process. First, Paris needs to have a political atmosphere to ensure that Parisians would have a positive attitude and understand the benefits of niche markets. The city can then use qualitative methods to collect data regarding the progress of niche markets. For instance, they can conduct surveys from tourists who h ave experienced night tourism. Paris could also use quantitative methods to see if the niche markets are trending and making profit. The third step includes developing vision and mission statements for this plan. The vision statement could be: to make Pari s be the place with diverse tourism. The mission statement could be: Paris is dedicated to delivering unique types of tourism to meet the needs of every tourist. The fourth and fifth steps include providing and selecting alternatives to meet the goal. Pari s can start with one niche market, such as night tourism, and have other ones as alternatives in case it does not go as planned. A developed strategy with all community components should then be planned before implementing the plan. Once this is completed, Paris should review and evaluate that the plan is effective. Challenges One major challenge that is affecting tourism in Paris would be terrorism. After the 2015 terror attacks in Paris, 130 individuals died and 494 were wounded ( CNN, 2019). This has reached the news and potential tourists. Several tourists either cancelled their trip after hearing the news because they were afraid. Therefore, terrorism creates fear, which is the most difficult barrier of tourism. To make the city safer and t ourists less afraid, Paris should increase their security. Situation Analysis & Future Plans of Paris | 15 Another major challenge is the Corona Virus (COVID - 19). This is a pandemic that is currently on going and affecting the tourism industry. In Paris, the number of infection cases “involve 3818 peopl e this March 20 th ” (Alexandre , 2020). Additionally, all travel to Europe has been banned and Paris has been on a partial lockdown. Therefore, Paris has recently reinforced controls that advises Parisians not to go out, especially during the weekend. This w ill reduce the spread of the pandemic and help bring the city back to normal. Once the city is back to normal, travelling to Europe will no longer be banned and tourism in Paris will normalize. With this inevitable pandemic, Paris should consider having a plan for tourism, such as limiting the number of individuals allowed in the plane/airport, in case any future incidents like COVID - 19 were to happen again. Conclusion In conclusion, Paris is one of the most visited tourist destinations in the world all year round. The beauty of Paris is the biggest reason why it has reached the top cities in the tourist industry. Paris is at its maturity stage, but still continues to de velop. While tourism brings job opportunities for Parisians, there are still some Parisians who blame tourists for the poor image of the city. However, Paris has been training their tourism employees to treat each tourist with dignity and respect. While th e city has several positive factors and has all components of the tourism destination area, it also has weak factors and challenges that need to be faced. With my suggestion of creating niche markets, not only will some issues in Paris be fixed, but the ci ty will also bring diversity and more tourists into the city. Situation Analysis & Future Plans of Paris | 16 References Alexandre, G. (2020, March 22). Coronavirus: Update on the situation in Paris and Î le - de - France. Retrieved March 22, 2020 from https://www.sortiraparis.com/news/coronavirus/articles/210162 - coronavirus - update - on - the - situation - in - paris - and - ile - de - france - controls - reinforc/ lang/en Alexandre, G. (2019, March 19 ). Tourist numbers record in 2018 in Paris . Retrieved January 27, 2020, from https://www.sortiraparis.com/news/in - paris/articles/187142 - tourist - numbers - record - in - 2018 - in - paris/lang/en Barthes, R. (1997). The Eiff el Tower, and other mythologies . Univ of California Press. Bureau, P.C. and V. (2012). Tourism figures in Paris: 2011, a record year! – Paris tourist office . 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