Graph a triangle (STU) and reflect it over the y-axis to create triangle S′T′U′.

02.05 Biology Notebook: Cellular Energy

Page 1: Introduction to Cellular Energy

Why are cellular processes necessary?

-Cellular processes are necessary to provide the free energy needed for organization, growth, and repair.

Based on the interactive, explain how energy is recharged.

-Based on the interactive, energy is recharged your cells use the energy from food to “charge up” an important molecule, which in turn powers most of the movement and work within the cell.

Key Terms: Jot down terms and definitions that are new to you. You will see them used in the lesson.

Page 2: ATP

Why do cells need energy?

-Cells need energy because an organism is required for heat production, movement, growth, and repair.

What is the immediate source of energy for cells?

-The immediate source of energy for cells is glucose.

What does a molecule of ATP (adenosine triphosphate) consist of?

-ATP is made up of adenine, a five-carbon sugar called ribose, and a chain of three phosphate groups.

What does a molecule of ADP (adenosine diphosphate) consist of?

-ADP is made up of a sugar backbone attached to adenine and two phosphate groups bonded to the 5-carbon atom of ribose.

What happens when a phosphate group is removed from ATP?

- Water molecules and a small amount of energy are needed to remove a phosphate from ATP, but the amount of energy released in the process is significantly greater than amount needed to break the bond.

What is the energy released from ATP used for?

- The cell can store or release energy by adding or removing the phosphate group. 

Page 3: Long-Term Storage

Is ATP used for long term storage? Why or why not?

- ATP is suited for short-term energy storage because it is too unstable for long-term storage.

How do plants store long term energy?

-Plants store long-term energy in the form of starch.

How do animals store long term energy?

-Animals store long-term energy in some glucose in the cells.

Explain how ATP can be compared to a rechargeable battery.

- Like a battery being charged, ADP becomes "fully charged" when it is converted to the higher-energy molecule ATP.

Practice questions:

If a cellular process requires a large amount of energy, which organelle will need to be found in greater quantity within the cell?

1. Mitochondria

2. Ribosomes

3. Nucleus

4. Lysosomes