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Muhammad Ali
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Biography :
Muhammad Ali was born under the name of Cassius Marcellus Clay Jr on 17 January 1942 in Louisville, Kentucky.
His mother, Odessa Lee Clay works as a housekeeper and cook of wealthy families and his father, Cassius Marcellus Clay Sr sells religious and commercial engravings.
The Clay family is not rich but gave a decent education to their children.
Aged 12, his bicycle was stolen.
He met a police officer to whom he expressed his desire to revenge.
The police officer, Joseph Elsby Martin Sr, advised him to start by learning to box.
The next day, Cassius followed his advice and began boxing under Martin's influence.
A few weeks later, he had his first fight and won his first victory.
Ali thanked Martin for teaching him to "fly like a butterfly and sting like a bee.”
He started in Amateur Boxing, he won the National Golden Gloves in the mid-heavy category in 1959, then in heavy the following year he won the gold medal in mid-heavyweights at the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome.
He was professionally trained by Angelo Dundee and quickly became known for his spectacular results and self-promotion with phrases such as "I am the greatest" or "I am young, I am cute and I am totally unbeatable".
Throughout his career, he will retain this vocabulary, which is one of his greatest characteristics.
His first professional fight and first win took place in Louisville, on 29 October 1960, against Tunney Hunsaker by points.
-After 61 fights, 56 victories, 5 defeats. Member of the International Boxing Hall of Fame since 1990.
Elected boxer of the year in 1963, 1972, 1974, 1975 and 1978.
WBA Heavyweight World Champion, from February 25, 1964 to June 19, 1964. WBC
Heavyweight World Champion, from February 25, 1964 to March 11, 1969. WBA
Heavyweight World Champion, from February 6, 1967 to April 29, 1967. WBA and WBC
Heavyweight World Champion, from October 30, 1974 to February 15, 1978. WBA
Heavyweight world champion, from September 15, 1978 to April 27, 1979.
His last professional fight and last lost against Trevor Berbick by unanimous decision on 11 December 1981 at the Queen Elizabeth Sports Centre in Nassau.
He died in Scottsdale, Arizona, United States on the evening of June 3, 2016, at the age of 74, after fighting Parkinson's disease for 32 years.
The issues they are committed to :
He also became famous when he joined the Nation of Islam organization and changed his name to Cassius X, the letter X referring to the rejection of his slave name in the absence of his real name of African origin, a common practice within this organization such as Malcolm X who attended his first match he received the name "Muhammed Ali" from Elijah Muhammad, head of nation of Islam.
Finally, Ali left the Nation of Islam to convert to Sunni Islam in 1975.
In 1966, he refused to serve in the American army engaged in the Vietnam War, arguing that he had "nothing against Vietnam" and that "no Vietnamese ever called me a negro” .
On April 28, 1967, he symbolically refused to be drafted.
On June 20, he was fined $10,000 and five years in prison, losing his boxing license and title.
Ali appealed, and he did not go to prison but faced financial problems until his case was resolved by the Supreme Court in 1971.
The public reactions on their stand/Impact on Society :
Ali's positions against military service or his conversion to Islam transform him from a proud and popular champion into one of the best-known and controversial personalities when not with hostility which also made Ali a target of indignation and suspicion.
It even sometimes seemed to provoke such reactions by supporting opinions ranging from support for civil rights to full support for the fight against racial segregation.
Do they make a difference on their issues /The influence of athlete
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