Hi, I wanna do my results part of my research report. Here I attached my introduction and method part to get an idea. Also I attached a pdf of explanation about how to do the results part. I attached

Dilini Pabasara Senevirathna

Concordia University Edmonton

Statistical Methods for Psychological Research

PSY 211(D)

Dr. Seyma Yildirim-Erbasli

25th September 2023

The research question for this proposal is "Does increasing sleep duration among first-year University students in Concordia University Edmonton positively influence their GPA over the course of an academic semester?" The research findings will provide insights into the relationship between sleep and academic success. Notably, it will provide Concordia University Edmonton and other academic institutions with insights on promoting holistic student well-being and academic achievement.

The first article under review is by Bell and Juvonen (2020), a longitudinal study that investigates the relationship between gender discrimination by adults in school and its consequences on the mental well-being and sleep duration of middle school girls. The study results indicate that gender discrimination in seventh grade is linked to increased perceived school unfairness in eighth grade, leading to more depressive symptoms and shorter sleep duration (Bell & Juvonen, 2020). The study is relevant to our research as it highlights that psychological pathways and external factors such as sleep duration can influence variables of interest.

The second article focuses on the consequences of COVID-19 and the resulting shift to online learning on the sleeping habits of Japanese university students (Hori et al., 2023). The longitudinal research employs multilevel analyses to investigate changes in sleep duration during weekdays and weekends from 2018 to 2020 among medical students. Results of the study indicate alterations in sleep patterns; there was an increase in sleep duration in 2020 compared to 2019 during the weekdays; however, no significant difference exists between 2018 and 2019 (Hori et al., 2023). The results are relevant to our research as they highlight the significance of considering external events and contextual changes when analyzing the relationship between sleep duration and academic performance among university students, as these external variables can confound the results.

The last article examines sleep disorders among medical students and their potential impact on academic performance; this cross-sectional study uses a self-administered questionnaire. The findings indicate that sleep disorders are prevalent among the medical student population, especially female students (Abdulghani et al., 2012). Furthermore, there is a notable association between abnormal sleep patterns and lower academic achievement. The significant study highlights the relationship between sleep disorders, total sleeping hours, and academic performance, suggesting that sleep quality and duration can impact students' academic achievement.

In conclusion, the research will investigate sleep and academic performance among first-year university students. In this context, the independent variable (IV) is "sleep duration," and

the dependent variable (DV) is "GPA." This study hypothesizes that an increase in sleep duration will positively impact GPA. The research will provide insights into creating strategies and interventions to promote better sleep habits among university students, ultimately contributing to their academic success and well-being.

References

Abdulghani, H. M., Alrowais, N. A., Bin-Saad, N. S., Al-Subaie, N. M., Haji, A. M. A., & Alhaqwi, A. I. (2012). Sleep disorder among medical students: Relationship to their academic performance. Medical Teacher, 34(sup1), S37–S41. https://doi.org/10.3109/0142159x.2012.656749

Bell, A., & Juvonen, J. (2020). Gender Discrimination, Perceived School Unfairness, Depressive Symptoms, and Sleep Duration Among Middle School Girls. Child Development. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.13388

Hori, R., Shibata, E., Okajima, I., Masahiro Morikura, Tomohiro Umemura, Akihiko Narisada, & Suzuki, K. (2023). Changes in the sleeping habits of Japanese university students during the COVID-19 pandemic: a 3-year follow-up study. Biopsychosocial Medicine, 17(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13030-022-00257-y