using both papers write me my own. use both as a reference. This is my friend's papers. use the same evidence with video evidence (master Clinician) but throw in evidence from different sources abo

` Down syndrome can be defined as, “A neurogenetic syndrome caused by a triplication of all or part of chromosome 21, leading to mild-to-moderate intellectual disability” (American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, n.d.). Down syndrome can cause secondary disorders of language such as motor speech disorders. The characteristics secondary to this diagnosis are articulation, intelligibility, and the incorrect use of the past tense. 

This week we have observed two young individuals with down syndrome who have also been diagnosed with a secondary language disorder of motor speech. Although the two differ in age they both exhibit characteristics of motor speech disorders. The first patient, Anna, is about to enter the second grade at the time of her therapy session. The second patient, Abigail, is a young girl between the ages of 6-10. Both have been working with clinician, Susie Roach Stewart for about a few years. It is evident that the two clients have been progressing as they continue to work with their clinician, however, in the videos continuously show articulation problems and intelligibility issues as well.

Anna demonstrated the motor speech disorder of articulation and intelligibility. This affected the way she pronounced words and how people understood her. At 12:58, when trying to say the word “hamburger” it is hard for her to pronounce it correctly. Her speech when saying this word is completely unintelligible. At 30:41, she is attempting to say “They match this shirt”, however, her speech appears unintelligible. Her clinician asks her to repeat what she was saying, and she repeats it slower, which then allows for the clinician to understand what she was originally saying. At 36:43, when trying to articulate the word “long”, it appears unintelligible. The clinician follows by saying, “Did you mean the long”? Anna then says yes, and goes on to pronounce the /l/ correctly to be understood. 

Ms, Stewart has been working with Abigail on the articulation of certain sounds such as: /l/ and /r/, as well using the past tense, when speaking of something that occurred in the past. At 3:36, when speaking of a trip she just had, Abigail used the word “dig”. Her clinician corrected her and noted that the word “dug” was supposed to be used in that context. At 25:43, when saying “big candy bars”, Abigail had an articulation error with the /r/ sound in the word bars. Her clinician asks that she repeat the word and slow down to improve her intelligibility of the word and phrase. At 40:10, Abigail had an articulation error with the /l/ sound in the word “turtle”. She was asked to repeat it again by Ms. Stewart as she had not correctly voiced the /l/ when she was originally saying this word. 

A question that I have gathered from my observations is, “Will intelligibility in children with down syndrome decrease as they get older?” The article, “Speech and motor speech disorders and intelligibility in adolescents with Down Syndrome” speaks about how speech intelligibility challenges are a major concern for people with down syndrome. The findings for the research conducted in this article, interpreted as support for motor speech disorder as an explanatory construct for reduced intelligibility in adolescents with down syndrome. In another research conducted in this article, lowered intelligibility was significantly associated with across the board phonemic and phonetic errors. 

References 

Versaci, T. M., Department of Speech & Hearing Science, Mattie, L. J., & Imming, L. J. (2019, December 14). Down syndrome and autism spectrum disorder dual diagnosis: Important considerations for speech-language pathologists. ASHA Wire. Retrieved October 24, 2022, from https://pubs.asha.org/doi/10.1044/2020_AJSLP-20-00050 

Wilson, E. M., Abbeduto, L., Camarata, S. M., & Shriberg, L. D. (2019). Speech and motor speech disorders and intelligibility in adolescents with down syndrome. Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics, 33(8), 790–814. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699206.2019.1595736