Unit V Animal Rights Literature Review 2

ANIMAL RIGHTS LITERATURE REVIEW 8

Introduction

Animal rights movement advocates for animal’s wellbeing, free from pain, cruelty and abuse as they are living beings and they have the right to live in liberty. Abuse of animals has become a major issue worldwide therefore becoming a problem that can be solved only through obtaining a clear comprehension of what the rights entail. Animal rights as a movement challenges the society’s old view that all animals only exist for human use like in experimentation and agriculture (Sunstein 388). Despite the comprehension of what animal rights entail, it is crucial for individuals to understand the potential causes of animal abuse. While those who display these practices of viciousness and disregard towards animals must be dissected and, if vital, liberatingly analyzed, they should likewise be considered responsible for their activities, which is done by specific laws and controls that endeavor to forestall animal cruelty. This way, the harmful effects of animal abuse is lessened and stopped.

Many individuals trust that animals do not have rights, and that the general populations who support animal rights are liberals who need to discover different channels for their persuasions while others feel it is our ethical commitment to nurture animals as they cannot act or talk for themselves. Protecting animals is, imperative for some reasons, including the help they provide for plant ecosystems, the emotional and psychological bolster they can offer to people, and the knowledge picked up from the sociological studies of them and therefore they have the right to experience their lives free from exploitation and misery. We as human beings however do take speciesism to extremes, making new species through farming and domestication, invading most climates and environments, and utilizing our intelligence to expand or sort term gains at the detriment of long-term sustainability. Animals have rights to live free of pain, abuse and suffering.

Literature Review

The fight against animal brutality, the advocacy of animal rights and the welfare of animals has occurred to some degree over the span of history. It's vital to comprehend that owning animals as property to be eaten or killed is the defining core of our consciousness, and that every human being is routinely indoctrinated into the attitude of control, reductionism, avoidance, elitism, and disconnectedness required by the sustenance practices of our culture (Cochrane 37). This review discusses the existing literature in regard to animal rights. The section contains history, terminology and the pros and cons of the controversies involved in animal rights.

All around the world the “animal research controversy” is capturing community attention by storm. Many are the individuals who emphasize on different concerns. Some stress on the functional and fundamental wellbeing particularly flexibility from injury and pain. Others stress on animals effective condition such as stress free, pleasure and pain that are experienced as either negative or positive. Others accentuate the capacity of animals to live sensibly a common live through doing regular conduct and having normal components in their surroundings. These concerns constitute diverse criteria that researchers use to survey animal welfare. The concerns have brought about many new activists groups who advocate for the living rights of animals. Even researchers are on their look out to identify other methods of experimentation without using animals like rats, mice, pigs and so on. These animals regularly confront cruel situations and hazardous infusions in their research roles.

The beginning of animal rights focused on the issue of vivisection. The concept of animal rights was not known in times past and most of those who have been persuasive in the movement towards this idea may have just bolstered a constrained change in the way animals are viewed and treated (Korsgaard 17). Several people have had unintentional influence on how animals are treated. Many read the antiquated Hindu and Buddhist scripture as supporting vegans for ethical and moral reasons. This ideology has advanced constantly over centuries. However, numerous animal activists indicate the production of "Animal Liberation" in the year 1975 as the impetus for the cutting edge American animal rights development. Nevertheless, in 1979, “Animal Legal Defense Fund” was set up. The following year, “People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals” (PETA) was established. PETA was a universal multi-issue animal rights association, upholding veganism and fighting against animal abuses like hunting, fur, circuses and vivisection (Waldau 34). Most recent in 2012, a universal convention of neuroscientists announced that non-human animals have consciousness. The author of this declaration immediately went vegan. The animal rights revolution (vegan revolution) has been coming quite a while now (Freeman 168). We are entering the last phases of its acknowledgment, it seems to be a transformation of consideration, creative celebration, delight, and it needs every human being to participate. Liberating animal’s means we can free ourselves too and allow the earth to restore for every living being.

In his article, Blouin inspects the disparities in dog owner’s dispositions toward treatment of, and associations with animals. Blouin p. 279 exhibits that dogs are a critical piece of many individuals' lives that often offers entertainment, companionship and social interactions. However, as per the results, Blouin says that there seems to be outstanding particular disparities in how individuals identify with dogs. According to research done by Ascione & Shapiro p. 572, there are numerous conceivable reasons why the individuals treat animals in a certain manner. According to Ascione & Shapiro, there exists recurring themes that frequently manifest while breaking down the conduct of animal abusers. Frequently when individuals are convicted of animal mishandle, upon further investigations concerning their past, it is mostly found that they endured abuse as kids (Fraser 50). In the wake of being not able safeguard themselves and feeling frail against their abusers for so long, the outrage that child abuse casualties have left over from their childhoods tends to show itself in destructive conduct coordinated at other individuals and particularly at animals

Summary and conclusion

From the above literature, animal abuse is an issue that animal rights activists will continue to advocate against no matter the outcome. It is evident that animal rights- which include right to refrain from pain and suffering- have become a great concern in the modern world. Though it can be hard to advocate against animal abuse considering its benefits, some people have opted to go vegan, just for the sake of animal happiness. Scientists on the other hand have investigated on the relationship between childhood abuse and animal abuse and according to their outcomes, they can help to reduce or rather eradicate animal abuse and cruelty.

To sum up the above text, the general agreement in established researchers about animal research is that it is totally fundamental for the medication to advance, but, even those researchers whom are frightfully stressed over the prosperity of the animals require not fear because of the expanding weights of the legislative acts, and new feasible care by including documentation of the animal's lifestyle. There is scarcely any verbal confrontation left in mainstream researchers about the ramifications of animal testing, the real barriers to their further progressions are a smaller percentage groups of non-researchers. Researchers solid bolster animal testing, and pledge to make it more sheltered and less fundamental later on.

References

Ascione, F. R., & Shapiro, K. (2009). People and animals, kindness and cruelty: Research directions and policy implications. Journal of Social Issues, 65(3), 569-587.

Blouin, D. D. (2013). Are dogs’ children, companions, or just animals? Understanding variations in people's orientations toward animals. Anthrozoös, 26(2), 279-294.

Cochrane, Alasdair. Animal rights without liberation: Applied ethics and human obligations. Columbia University Press, 2012.

Freeman, Carrie Packwood. "Framing animal rights in the “Go Veg” campaigns of US animal rights organizations." Society & Animals 18.2 (2010): 163-182.

Fraser, D. (2008). Understanding animal welfare. Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica, 50(1), S1

Korsgaard, M. Christine. (2012). A Kantian case for animal rights. “The Ethics of Killing Animals", 3-25

Sunstein, C. R. (2003). The rights of animals. The University of Chicago Law Review, 70(1), 387-401.

Waldau, Paul. Animal Rights: What Everyone Needs to Know? Oxford University Press, 2010