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June 19, 2002 Employer Costs for Employee Compensation Historical Listing (Annual), 1986-2001 Contents Page Employer Costs for Employee Compensation, 1986-2001 …………………….. 1 Tables Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation:

Table 1. Civilian workers, by broad occupational group, 1991-2001 ………… 4 Table 2. State and local government workers, by broad occupational group and for service industries, 1991-2001 ………………………………………… 8 Table 3. Private industry workers, by broad occupational and industry group, 1986-2001 …………………………………………………………………….. 12 Table 4. Private industry workers, by major geographic region, 1988-2001 …. 20 Table 5. Private industry workers, by bargaining status, 1986-2001 …………. 24 Table 6. Private industry workers, by establishment size, 1990-2001 ……….. 26 Table 7. Civilian workers, by occupational and industry group, 1991-2001 …. 30 Table 8. State and local government workers, by occupational and industry group, 1991-2001 …………………………………………………… 43 Table 9. Private industry workers, by occupational and industry group, 1986-2001 ……………………………………………………………………. 56 Table 10. Private industry, full-time workers, by occupational and industry group, 1993-2001 ……………………………………………………. 74 Table 11. Private industry, part-time workers, by occupational and industry group, 1993-2001 ……………………………………………………. 89 Contents-Continued Page Table 12. Private industry workers, goods-producing industries, by occupational group, 1988-2001 …………………………………………….. 99 Table 13. Private industry workers, service-producing industries, by occupational group, 1988-2001 ……………………………………………. 111 Table 14. Private industry workers, manufacturing, by occupational group, 1988-2001 ……………………………………………………………………… 123 Table 15. Private industry workers, nonmanufacturing, by occupational group, 1988-2001 ……………………………………………………………………… 135 Table 16. Private industry, union workers, for blue-collar workers and by major industry group, 1986-2001 …………………………………………… 147 Table 17. Private industry, nonunion workers, for blue-collar workers and by major industry group, 1986-2001 ………………………………………. 153 Table 18. Private industry workers, by broad occupational group and establishment size, 1990-2001 …………………………………………….. 159 Table 19. Private industry workers, by broad industry group and establishment size, 1990-2001 …………………………………………………. 167 Table 20. Private industry, health services, by occupational group, 1994-2001 ……………………………………………………………………… 175 Table 21. Private industry, transportation equipment manufacturing (SIC 37), by occupational group, 1989-2001 …………………………………………….. 194 Table 22. Private industry, public utilities (SICs 48 and 49), by occupational group, 1995-2001 …………………………………………….. 203 Bureau of Labor Statistics Office of Compensation and Working Conditions 202.691.6199 2 Massachusetts Avenue, NE – Suite 4175 [email protected] Washington, DC 20212-0001 http://www.bls.gov/ncs/ect/home.htm -1- EMPLOYER COSTS FOR EMPLOYEE COMPENSATION, 1986-2001 The following tables provide data on Employer Costs for Employee Compensation (ECEC), a Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) compensation measure. The ECEC measures the average hourly cost that employers pay for wages and salaries plus the cost per hour worked for benefits. Computed from data collected for the Employment Cost Index (ECI), a principal Federal economic indicator published by BLS, the ECEC provides a snapshot of the structure of compensation at a specific point in time. The ECI, in contrast, is a fixed employment-weighted index that tracks changes in labor costs, free from the influence of employment shifts among occupations and industries. Both the ECEC and the ECI are part of the BLS National Compensation Survey, which also provides information on occupational wage rates by locality and the incidence and provisions of employee benefits.

The ECEC is calculated by applying current, rather than fixed, employment weights to salary and benefit cost data from the establishments in the ECI survey. Estimates were published annually from 1986 through 2001 using payroll data that include March 12th as the reference period. Beginning in March 2002, data are available quarterly.

ECEC data were first published for March 1986 and were limited to private industry. In 1988, the ECEC expanded to include data by bargaining status, more detailed major industry groups, and geographic regions. In 1991, ECEC data were published for civilian workers, State and local government workers, and private industry workers by establishment employment size. BLS further expanded the ECEC in 1993 to include data for full- and part-time workers in private industry.

Some benefit definitions were changed in 1996 to improve data quality and to better reflect terminology and definitions in the compensation community. These changes included:

· Long-term disability insurance was reported as a separate benefit. Previously it had been included in the sickness and accident insurance component.

· Social Security was divided into Old-age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance (OASDI) and Medicare components.

· The pension and savings and thrift benefits in the retirement and savings category were reclassified into either defined benefit or defined contribution plans. Although the individual retirement components were no longer comparable, the overall category of retirement and savings remained comparable over time.

· Railroad benefit costs were reclassified into the benefit category that matched their intended purpose. For example, Railroad Retirement, Tier 1, is included in the Social Security component; Railroad Retirement, Tier 2, and Railroad Supplemental Retirement are now in the defined benefit category. Previously, - 2 - all railroad benefit s had been included in the legally required benefits category.

In 1998, the sickness and accident insurance component was renamed short-term disability and the definition was expanded to include all insured, self-insured, and State- mandated plans that provided benefits for each disability, including unfunded plans. In 2001, the definition of nonproduction bonuses was expanded to include, in addition to the traditional t ypes o f nonproduction bonuses such as attendance bonuses and lump sum payments, hiring and referral bonuses.

The ECEC, like the ECI, defines wages and salaries as the hourly straight-time wage rate.

For workers paid on an hourly basis, the wage rate is the cost per hour paid. For workers not paid on an hourly basis, straight-time earnings are divided by the scheduled hours corresponding to the earnings. Straight-time wage and salary rates are total earnings before payroll deductions and include production bonuses, incentive pay, commissions, and cost-of-living allowances. Not included in straight-time earnings are nonproduction bonuses such as lump-sum payments provided in place of wage increases, shift differentials, and premium pay for overtime and weekend work; these payments are included in the benefits component.

Benefits include: Paid leave--vacations, holidays, sick leave, and other leave; supplemental pay--premium pay for work in addition to the regular work schedule (such as overtime, weekends, and holidays), shift different ials, and nonproduction bonuses (such as referral bonuses and lump-sum payments provided in place of wage increases); insurance benefits--life, health, short-term disability, and long-term disability; retirement and savings benefits--defined benefit and defined contribution plans; legally required benefits--social security, medicare, Federal and State unemployment insurance, and workers’ compensation; and other benefits--severance pay and supplemental unemployment plans.

In comparing changes in the ECEC over time, users should be aware of several limitations of the data. Until 1996, the ECI sample, the source of these data, was systematically replaced by industry over a four to five year cycle. Now, a cross-industry sample replacement process is in place. Changes over time in the ECEC are, therefore, affected both by changes in the employer costs for samples that continue from previous periods, and by changes in the samples of establishments. Sampling changes may have an impact on cost changes estimated over a short time interval. Consequently, BLS advises caution in interpreting short-term comparisons of costs per hour worked.

The levels of employer costs for employee compensation shown in the following tables were calculated using different employment patterns for each successive time period. For example, the cost levels calculated in 1986 reflect employment patterns for that year, whereas the 2001 data reflect 2001 employment patterns. Therefore, changes in cost levels over time reflect both changing rates of compensat ion and changes in relative employment among occupations and industries with different rates of compensation. A - 3 - measure of the change in rates of compensation that is not influenced by employment shifts among occupations and industries is provided by the Employment Cost Index.

Information on the ECEC is available from several sources. Information on how costs are calculated appears in “Measuring Trends in the Structure and Levels of Employer Costs for Employee Compensation,” Compensation and Working Conditions, Summer 1997. A detailed explanation on how to analyze differences in year-to-year changes is available from “Analyzing Year-to-Year Changes in Employer Costs for Employee Compensation,” Compensation and Working Conditions, Spring 1998. This article supplements an article from the Summer 1997 issue of Compensation and Working Condit ions, “Explaining the Different ial Growth Rates of the ECI and ECEC,” which examined how differences in the construction of these measures contribute to differing trends.

Articles and other information on the ECEC may be obtained by calling (202) 691-6199, sending an e-mail message to oclt info @bls.gov, or visit ing the Internet site http://www.bls.gov/ncs/ect/home.htm. Information will be made to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service Number:

1-800-877-8339.

Beginning with March 2002, estimates for the Employer Costs for Employee Compensation series are available on a quarterly basis. Information is available on the Internet site http://www.bls.gov/ncs/ect/home.htm, or by request. Table 1. Civilian workers, by broad occupational group: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1991-2001 All workers Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... $16.45 $17.27 $17.88 $18.30 $18.21 $18.68 $19.22 $19.76 $20.29 $21.16 $22.15 Wages and salaries ................................ 11.81 12.33 12.68 12.95 12.98 13.36 13.85 14.30 14.72 15.36 16.07 Total benefits .......................................... 4.65 4.94 5.20 5.35 5.24 5.32 5.37 5.47 5.58 5.80 6.08 Paid leave ........................................... 1.16 1.20 1.22 1.23 1.21 1.24 1.27 1.30 1.34 1.42 1.51 Vacation .......................................... .53 .55 .55 .56 .55 .57 .58 .60 .62 .65 .70 Holiday ............................................ .38 .40 .41 .42 .41 .42 .43 .44 .46 .48 .51 Sick ................................................. .18 .19 .19 .19 .19 .19 .19 .19 .20 .21 .23 Other ............................................... .06 .07 .07 .07 .06 .06 .06 .07 .07 .07 .08 Supplemental pay ............................... .33 .36 .39 .40 .43 .45 .47 .51 .51 .55 .56 Premium 1....................................... .16 .17 .17 .17 .18 .18 .19 .20 .21 .22 .22 Shift differential ............................... .05 .05 .05 .05 .05 .05 .05 .05 .05 .05 .05 Nonproduction bonuses .................. .12 .14 .17 .18 .20 .21 .23 .26 .25 .28 .29 Insurance ............................................ 1.10 1.23 1.32 1.37 1.28 1.27 1.23 1.25 1.29 1.36 1.46 Life .................................................. .05 .05 .05 .05 .04 .05 .05 .05 .05 .05 .05 Health ............................................. 1.01 1.13 1.22 1.27 1.19 1.17 1.13 1.15 1.18 1.25 1.35 Short-term disability 2...................... .04 .05 .05 .05 .04 .03 .03 .03 .03 .04 .04 Long-term disability ........................ – – – – – .02 .02 .02 .03 .03 .03 Retirement and savings ...................... .65 .67 .70 .73 .70 .75 .75 .75 .76 .77 .78 Pensions ......................................... .57 .59 .61 .63 – – ––––– Savings and thrift ............................ .08 .08 .09 .09 – – ––––– Defined benefit ............................... – – – – – .51 .49 .47 .46 .43 .40 Defined contribution ........................ – – – – – .23 .27 .28 .30 .34 .38 Legally required benefits .................... 1.39 1.46 1.53 1.58 1.58 1.59 1.62 1.63 1.65 1.67 1.73 Social Security 3.............................. .94 .98 1.00 1.03 1.05 1.07 1.11 1.15 1.18 1.22 1.28 OASDI ........................................ – – – – – .86 .88 .92 .94 .98 1.02 Medicare ..................................... – – – – – .21 .22 .23 .24 .25 .26 Federal unemployment insurance .. .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 State unemployment insurance ...... .08 .09 .10 .11 .11 .11 .11 .10 .09 .09 .09 Workers' compensation .................. .32 .35 .38 .39 .38 .38 .38 .35 .35 .33 .34 Other benefits 4................................... .02 .02 .04 .04 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 Percent of total compensation by year 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ 71.8 71.4 70.9 70.8 71.2 71.5 72.0 72.4 72.5 72.6 72.6 Total benefits .......................................... 28.2 28.6 29.1 29.2 28.8 28.5 28.0 27.7 27.5 27.4 27.4 Paid leave ........................................... 7.0 7.0 6.8 6.7 6.7 6.6 6.6 6.6 6.6 6.7 6.8 Vacation .......................................... 3.2 3.2 3.1 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.1 3.1 3.2 Holiday ............................................ 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.3 Sick ................................................. 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 Other ............................................... .4 .4 .4 .4 .3 .3 .3 .4 .3 .3 .4 Supplemental pay ............................... 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.6 2.5 2.6 2.5 Premium 1....................................... 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 Shift differential ............................... .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .2 .3 .2 .2 .2 Nonproduction bonuses .................. .8 .8 .9 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.3 Insurance ............................................ 6.7 7.1 7.4 7.5 7.0 6.8 6.4 6.3 6.4 6.4 6.6 Life .................................................. .3 .3 .3 .3 .2 .2 .2 .3 .2 .2 .2 Health ............................................. 6.1 6.6 6.8 7.0 6.5 6.3 5.9 5.8 5.8 5.9 6.1 Short-term disability 2...................... .3 .3 .3 .3 .2 .2 .2 .2 .1 .2 .2 Long-term disability ........................ – – – – – .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 Retirement and savings ...................... 4.0 3.9 3.9 4.0 3.9 4.0 3.9 3.8 3.7 3.6 3.5 Pensions ......................................... 3.5 3.4 3.4 3.5 – – ––––– Savings and thrift ............................ .5 .5 .5 .5 – – ––––– Defined benefit ............................... – – – – – 2.7 2.5 2.4 2.3 2.0 1.8 Defined contribution ........................ – – – – – 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 Legally required benefits .................... 8.4 8.5 8.6 8.6 8.7 8.5 8.4 8.2 8.1 7.9 7.8 Social Security 3.............................. 5.7 5.7 5.6 5.6 5.7 5.7 5.8 5.8 5.8 5.8 5.8 OASDI ........................................ – – – – – 4.6 4.6 4.7 4.6 4.6 4.6 Medicare ..................................... – – – – – 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 Federal unemployment insurance .. .2 .2 .2 .1 .2 .1 .1 .2 .1 .1 .1 State unemployment insurance ...... .5 .5 .6 .6 .6 .6 .6 .5 .4 .4 .4 Workers' compensation .................. 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.0 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.5 Other benefits 4................................... .1 .1 .2 .2 .2 .1 .1 .2 .1 .1 .1 1Includes premium pay for work in addition to the regular work schedule (such as overtime, weekends, and holidays).

2Short-term disability includes all insured, self-insured, and state-mandated plans that provide benefits for each disability, including unfunded plans.

3The total employer's cost for Social Security is comprised of an OASDI portion and a Medicare portion. OASDI is the acronymfor Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance. 4Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.

– Data not available.

Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 4 - Table 1. Civilian workers, by broad occupational group: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1991-2001 -- Continued White-collar occupations Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... $19.50 $20.43 $21.23 $21.87 $21.83 $22.52 $23.10 $23.84 $24.50 $25.66 $26.82 Wages and salaries ................................ 14.28 14.90 15.38 15.82 15.87 16.40 16.95 17.52 18.02 18.91 19.73 Total benefits .......................................... 5.23 5.54 5.86 6.05 5.97 6.12 6.16 6.32 6.47 6.75 7.09 Paid leave ........................................... 1.47 1.52 1.55 1.57 1.56 1.61 1.64 1.69 1.74 1.86 1.98 Vacation .......................................... .65 .66 .67 .68 .68 .70 .73 .75 .78 .84 .89 Holiday ............................................ .49 .51 .52 .53 .52 .54 .56 .57 .59 .62 .66 Sick ................................................. .25 .27 .27 .28 .27 .27 .27 .28 .29 .30 .33 Other ............................................... .08 .09 .09 .09 .09 .09 .09 .09 .09 .10 .10 Supplemental pay ............................... .29 .33 .38 .40 .44 .46 .48 .54 .52 .57 .58 Premium 1....................................... .08 .09 .09 .09 .09 .10 .10 .11 .11 .12 .11 Shift differential ............................... .04 .04 .04 .05 .05 .05 .04 .04 .04 .04 .05 Nonproduction bonuses .................. .16 .19 .25 .26 .30 .31 .34 .39 .37 .41 .42 Insurance ............................................ 1.24 1.37 1.48 1.54 1.45 1.45 1.38 1.43 1.48 1.56 1.67 Life .................................................. .06 .06 .06 .06 .06 .06 .06 .06 .06 .06 .06 Health ............................................. 1.13 1.27 1.37 1.43 1.34 1.33 1.26 1.31 1.35 1.43 1.53 Short-term disability 2...................... .04 .05 .05 .05 .05 .03 .03 .04 .04 .04 .04 Long-term disability ........................ – – – – – .03 .03 .03 .04 .04 .04 Retirement and savings ...................... .81 .82 .87 .89 .86 .92 .92 .92 .93 .93 .95 Pensions ......................................... .70 .71 .74 .76 – – ––––– Savings and thrift ............................ .11 .12 .12 .13 – – ––––– Defined benefit ............................... – – – – – .60 .55 .53 .52 .48 .43 Defined contribution ........................ – – – – – .32 .37 .39 .41 .45 .52 Legally required benefits .................... 1.40 1.47 1.54 1.60 1.63 1.65 1.70 1.72 1.76 1.79 1.87 Social Security 3.............................. 1.10 1.14 1.17 1.21 1.24 1.27 1.32 1.36 1.41 1.46 1.54 OASDI ........................................ – – – – – 1.01 1.05 1.08 1.12 1.16 1.22 Medicare ..................................... – – – – – .26 .27 .28 .29 .30 .32 Federal unemployment insurance .. .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 State unemployment insurance ...... .08 .08 .10 .11 .11 .10 .11 .10 .09 .08 .08 Workers' compensation .................. .19 .21 .24 .24 .24 .25 .25 .23 .24 .21 .22 Other benefits 5................................... 4( ) .02 .04 .04 .03 .03 .03 .03 .04 .03 .03 Percent of total compensation by year 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ 73.2 72.9 72.4 72.3 72.7 72.8 73.4 73.5 73.6 73.7 73.6 Total benefits .......................................... 26.8 27.1 27.6 27.7 27.3 27.2 26.6 26.5 26.4 26.3 26.4 Paid leave ........................................... 7.5 7.4 7.3 7.2 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.2 7.4 Vacation .......................................... 3.3 3.2 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.2 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.3 Holiday ............................................ 2.5 2.5 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.5 Sick ................................................. 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 Other ............................................... .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 Supplemental pay ............................... 1.5 1.6 1.8 1.8 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.3 2.1 2.2 2.2 Premium 1....................................... .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .5 .4 .5 .4 Shift differential ............................... .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 Nonproduction bonuses .................. .8 .9 1.2 1.2 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.6 Insurance ............................................ 6.3 6.7 7.0 7.1 6.6 6.4 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.1 6.2 Life .................................................. .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .2 .2 .3 .2 .2 .2 Health ............................................. 5.8 6.2 6.5 6.6 6.1 5.9 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.6 5.7 Short-term disability 2...................... .2 .2 .3 .2 .2 .1 .1 .2 .2 .2 .1 Long-term disability ........................ – – – – – .1 .1 .1 .2 .2 .1 Retirement and savings ...................... 4.2 4.0 4.1 4.1 3.9 4.1 4.0 3.9 3.8 3.6 3.5 Pensions ......................................... 3.6 3.5 3.5 3.5 – – ––––– Savings and thrift ............................ .6 .6 .6 .6 – – ––––– Defined benefit ............................... – – – – – 2.7 2.4 2.2 2.1 1.9 1.6 Defined contribution ........................ – – – – – 1.4 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 Legally required benefits .................... 7.2 7.2 7.3 7.3 7.5 7.3 7.3 7.2 7.2 7.0 7.0 Social Security 3.............................. 5.6 5.6 5.5 5.5 5.7 5.7 5.7 5.7 5.8 5.7 5.7 OASDI ........................................ – – – – – 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.6 4.5 4.5 Medicare ..................................... – – – – – 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 Federal unemployment insurance .. .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 State unemployment insurance ...... .4 .4 .4 .5 .5 .5 .5 .4 .4 .3 .3 Workers' compensation .................. 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.0 .8 .8 Other benefits 5................................... 6( ) .1 .2 .2 .1 .1 .1 .1 .2 .1 .1 1Includes premium pay for work in addition to the regular work schedule (such as overtime, weekends, and holidays).

2Short-term disability includes all insured, self-insured, and state-mandated plans that provide benefits for each disability, including unfunded plans.

3The total employer's cost for Social Security is comprised of an OASDI portion and a Medicare portion. OASDI is the acronym for Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance. 4Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.5Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.

6Less than .05 percent.

– Data not available.

Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 5 - Table 1. Civilian workers, by broad occupational group: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1991-2001 -- Continued Blue-collar occupations Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... $15.31 $16.01 $16.58 $17.08 $16.91 $17.28 $17.46 $17.85 $18.20 $18.95 $19.57 Wages and salaries ................................ 10.44 10.80 11.08 11.38 11.39 11.73 11.93 12.29 12.61 13.11 13.59 Total benefits .......................................... 4.87 5.21 5.50 5.70 5.53 5.56 5.53 5.55 5.58 5.84 5.98 Paid leave ........................................... .95 .99 1.02 1.02 1.00 1.02 1.00 1.03 1.04 1.08 1.14 Vacation .......................................... .49 .50 .52 .52 .52 .53 .52 .52 .53 .54 .56 Holiday ............................................ .33 .35 .36 .36 .35 .35 .35 .36 .37 .39 .41 Sick ................................................. .09 .09 .10 .10 .09 .09 .09 .10 .10 .10 .12 Other ............................................... .04 .05 .05 .05 .04 .04 .04 .04 .04 .05 .05 Supplemental pay ............................... .52 .55 .55 .57 .59 .61 .64 .67 .67 .74 .74 Premium 1....................................... .36 .37 .38 .39 .39 .40 .42 .44 .46 .49 .50 Shift differential ............................... .06 .06 .06 .07 .07 .07 .06 .07 .07 .07 .07 Nonproduction bonuses .................. .10 .11 .11 .11 .13 .14 .15 .16 .14 .18 .18 Insurance ............................................ 1.17 1.32 1.42 1.48 1.38 1.37 1.34 1.32 1.34 1.43 1.51 Life .................................................. .04 .05 .05 .05 .04 .05 .05 .05 .05 .05 .05 Health ............................................. 1.08 1.22 1.31 1.38 1.29 1.27 1.23 1.22 1.24 1.33 1.40 Short-term disability 2...................... .05 .06 .06 .05 .04 .04 .04 .04 .04 .04 .04 Long-term disability ........................ – – – – – 3() 3( ) .02 .02 .02 .02 Retirement and savings ...................... .54 .57 .61 .67 .65 .68 .68 .68 .68 .72 .69 Pensions ......................................... .47 .50 .53 .59 – – ––––– Savings and thrift ............................ .07 .07 .08 .08 – – ––––– Defined benefit ............................... – – – – – .49 .47 .46 .44 .43 .40 Defined contribution ........................ – – – – – .19 .21 .22 .24 .29 .29 Legally required benefits .................... 1.66 1.75 1.84 1.91 1.87 1.85 1.84 1.82 1.82 1.84 1.87 Social Security 4.............................. .90 .93 .96 .98 .98 .99 1.01 1.04 1.07 1.11 1.15 OASDI ........................................ – – – – – .80 .82 .84 .86 .90 .93 Medicare ..................................... – – – – – .19 .19 .20 .20 .21 .22 Federal unemployment insurance .. .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 State unemployment insurance ...... .10 .12 .13 .14 .13 .13 .12 .12 .12 .11 .10 Workers' compensation .................. .59 .63 .68 .72 .70 .70 .68 .63 .61 .59 .59 Other benefits 5................................... .02 .03 .06 .05 .04 .03 .03 .03 .03 .04 .03 Percent of total compensation by year 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ 68.2 67.4 66.8 66.6 67.3 67.9 68.3 68.9 69.3 69.2 69.4 Total benefits .......................................... 31.8 32.6 33.2 33.4 32.7 32.1 31.7 31.1 30.7 30.8 30.6 Paid leave ........................................... 6.2 6.2 6.1 6.0 5.9 5.9 5.7 5.8 5.7 5.7 5.8 Vacation .......................................... 3.2 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.0 3.0 2.9 2.9 2.8 2.9 Holiday ............................................ 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.1 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.1 2.1 Sick ................................................. .6 .6 .6 .6 .6 .5 .5 .6 .5 .5 .6 Other ............................................... .3 .3 .3 .3 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .3 .3 Supplemental pay ............................... 3.4 3.4 3.3 3.3 3.5 3.5 3.6 3.8 3.7 3.9 3.8 Premium 1....................................... 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.5 2.6 2.6 Shift differential ............................... .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 Nonproduction bonuses .................. .7 .7 .7 .7 .7 .8 .8 .9 .8 .9 .9 Insurance ............................................ 7.7 8.2 8.6 8.7 8.1 7.9 7.7 7.4 7.4 7.5 7.7 Life .................................................. .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 Health ............................................. 7.1 7.6 7.9 8.1 7.6 7.4 7.1 6.8 6.8 7.0 7.2 Short-term disability 2...................... .3 .3 .4 .3 .3 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 Long-term disability ........................ – – – – – 6() 6( ) .1 .1 .1 .1 Retirement and savings ...................... 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.9 3.8 3.9 3.9 3.8 3.7 3.8 3.5 Pensions ......................................... 3.1 3.1 3.2 3.4 – – ––––– Savings and thrift ............................ .4 .4 .5 .5 – – ––––– Defined benefit ............................... – – – – – 2.8 2.7 2.6 2.4 2.3 2.0 Defined contribution ........................ – – – – – 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.5 1.5 Legally required benefits .................... 10.8 10.9 11.1 11.2 11.1 10.7 10.5 10.2 10.0 9.7 9.6 Social Security 4.............................. 5.9 5.8 5.8 5.7 5.8 5.7 5.8 5.8 5.9 5.9 5.9 OASDI ........................................ – – – – – 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.8 Medicare ..................................... – – – – – 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 Federal unemployment insurance .. .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 State unemployment insurance ...... .7 .7 .8 .8 .8 .7 .7 .7 .7 .6 .5 Workers' compensation .................. 3.8 3.9 4.1 4.2 4.1 4.1 3.9 3.5 3.4 3.1 3.0 Other benefits 5................................... .1 .2 .4 .3 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 1Includes premium pay for work in addition to the regular work schedule (such as overtime, weekends, and holidays).

2Short-term disability includes all insured, self-insured, and state-mandated plans that provide benefits for each disability, including unfunded plans.

3Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.4The total employer's cost for Social Security is comprised of an OASDI portion and a Medicare portion. OASDI is the acronymfor Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance. 5Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.

6Less than .05 percent.

– Data not available.

Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 6 - Table 1. Civilian workers, by broad occupational group: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1991-2001 -- Continued Service occupations Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... $9.31 $9.87 $10.04 $9.96 $9.98 $10.17 $10.69 $11.03 $11.46 $11.70 $12.40 Wages and salaries ................................ 6.75 7.12 7.25 7.17 7.22 7.38 7.82 8.13 8.45 8.65 9.15 Total benefits .......................................... 2.56 2.75 2.79 2.79 2.76 2.79 2.87 2.90 3.00 3.06 3.25 Paid leave ........................................... .56 .59 .58 .58 .57 .57 .60 .60 .64 .66 .71 Vacation .......................................... .26 .28 .26 .26 .26 .26 .27 .27 .29 .29 .32 Holiday ............................................ .17 .18 .18 .18 .18 .18 .19 .20 .21 .22 .23 Sick ................................................. .10 .10 .11 .10 .10 .10 .11 .10 .11 .11 .12 Other ............................................... .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .04 .04 Supplemental pay ............................... .16 .17 .17 .16 .17 .18 .19 .19 .21 .20 .23 Premium 1....................................... .08 .08 .09 .08 .09 .09 .10 .10 .11 .11 .12 Shift differential ............................... .04 .05 .05 .04 .04 .04 .04 .04 .04 .04 .05 Nonproduction bonuses .................. .04 .03 .03 .03 .04 .04 .05 .05 .06 .05 .06 Insurance ............................................ .57 .65 .69 .68 .65 .64 .64 .64 .66 .70 .78 Life .................................................. .02 .02 .02 .02 .02 .02 .02 2( ) .02 .02 .02 Health ............................................. .53 .61 .65 .65 .62 .60 .60 .60 .62 .66 .74 Short-term disability 3...................... .02 .02 .02 2() 2( ) .02 .02 .02 .02 .02 .02 Long-term disability ........................ – – – – – 2() 2() 2() 2() 2() 2() Retirement and savings ...................... .37 .37 .35 .36 .34 .37 .38 .37 .40 .38 .39 Pensions ......................................... .35 .36 .34 .34 – – ––––– Savings and thrift ............................ .02 2() 2() 2()––––––– Defined benefit ............................... – – – – – .31 .32 .31 .32 .31 .30 Defined contribution ........................ – – – – – .05 .06 .06 .07 .08 .10 Legally required benefits .................... .90 .96 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.06 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.13 Social Security 4.............................. .53 .57 .58 .59 .60 .61 .65 .69 .70 .72 .75 OASDI ........................................ – – – – – .49 .53 .55 .56 .58 .60 Medicare ..................................... – – – – – .12 .13 .14 .14 .14 .15 Federal unemployment insurance .. .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 State unemployment insurance ...... .07 .07 .08 .08 .09 .09 .09 .09 .08 .08 .07 Workers' compensation .................. .26 .29 .30 .30 .30 .30 .29 .27 .28 .27 .27 Other benefits 5................................... 2() 2() 2() 2() 2() 2() 2() 2() 2() 2() 2() Percent of total compensation by year 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ 72.5 72.2 72.2 72.0 72.3 72.6 73.2 73.7 73.7 73.9 73.8 Total benefits .......................................... 27.5 27.8 27.8 28.0 27.7 27.4 26.8 26.3 26.2 26.2 26.2 Paid leave ........................................... 6.0 6.0 5.8 5.8 5.7 5.6 5.6 5.4 5.6 5.6 5.7 Vacation .......................................... 2.8 2.8 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.5 2.4 2.5 2.5 2.6 Holiday ............................................ 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.9 1.9 Sick ................................................. 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 .9 1.0 .9 1.0 Other ............................................... .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 Supplemental pay ............................... 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.8 1.7 1.9 Premium 1....................................... .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 1.0 .9 1.0 Shift differential ............................... .4 .5 .5 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .3 .3 .4 Nonproduction bonuses .................. .4 .3 .3 .3 .4 .4 .5 .5 .5 .4 .5 Insurance ............................................ 6.1 6.6 6.8 6.8 6.5 6.2 6.0 5.8 5.8 6.0 6.3 Life .................................................. .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .1 6( ) .2 .2 .2 Health ............................................. 5.7 6.2 6.5 6.6 6.2 5.9 5.6 5.4 5.4 5.6 6.0 Short-term disability 3...................... .2 .2 .2 6() 6( ) .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 Long-term disability ........................ – – – – – 6() 6() 6() 6() 6() 6() Retirement and savings ...................... 4.0 3.8 3.5 3.6 3.4 3.6 3.5 3.4 3.5 3.2 3.1 Pensions ......................................... 3.8 3.6 3.4 3.4 – – ––––– Savings and thrift ............................ .2 6() 6() 6()––––––– Defined benefit ............................... – – – – – 3.1 3.0 2.8 2.8 2.6 2.4 Defined contribution ........................ – – – – – .5 .5 .5 .6 .7 .8 Legally required benefits .................... 9.7 9.8 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.1 9.9 9.8 9.5 9.4 9.1 Social Security 4.............................. 5.7 5.7 5.8 5.9 6.0 6.0 6.1 6.3 6.1 6.2 6.0 OASDI ........................................ – – – – – 4.8 4.9 5.0 4.9 5.0 4.8 Medicare ..................................... – – – – – 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.2 Federal unemployment insurance .. .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .2 State unemployment insurance ...... .7 .7 .8 .8 .9 .9 .8 .8 .7 .7 .6 Workers' compensation .................. 2.8 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 2.7 2.4 2.4 2.3 2.2 Other benefits 5................................... 6() 6() 6() 6() 6() 6() 6() 6() 6() 6() 6() 1Includes premium pay for work in addition to the regular work schedule (such as overtime, weekends, and holidays).

2Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.3Short-term disability includes all insured, self-insured, and state-mandated plans that provide benefits for each disability, including unfunded plans.

4The total employer's cost for Social Security is comprised of an OASDI portion and a Medicare portion. OASDI is the acronymfor Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance. 5Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.

6Less than .05 percent.

– Data not available.

Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 7 - Table 2. State and local government workers, by broad occupational group and for service industries: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1991-2001 All workers Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... $22.31 $23.49 $24.44 $25.27 $24.86 $25.73 $26.58 $27.28 $28.00 $29.05 $30.06 Wages and salaries ................................ 15.52 16.39 17.00 17.57 17.31 17.95 18.61 19.19 19.78 20.57 21.34 Total benefits .......................................... 6.79 7.09 7.44 7.71 7.56 7.77 7.97 8.10 8.22 8.48 8.73 Paid leave ........................................... 1.75 1.80 1.86 1.94 1.95 1.99 2.06 2.11 2.17 2.26 2.34 Vacation .......................................... .60 .60 .62 .65 .68 .68 .70 .72 .74 .77 .80 Holiday ............................................ .55 .58 .60 .62 .63 .65 .67 .69 .71 .73 .76 Sick ................................................. .44 .47 .48 .50 .49 .51 .52 .53 .55 .58 .59 Other ............................................... .15 .15 .16 .17 .16 .15 .16 .16 .17 .18 .18 Supplemental pay ............................... .21 .21 .21 .20 .22 .22 .23 .23 .24 .25 .26 Premium 1....................................... .10 .10 .10 .11 .11 .11 .11 .11 .11 .12 .12 Shift differential ............................... .04 .04 .04 .05 .05 .05 .05 .05 .06 .06 .06 Nonproduction bonuses .................. .07 .07 .07 .05 .06 .06 .06 .07 .07 .07 .08 Insurance ............................................ 1.63 1.84 2.02 2.15 2.03 2.07 2.09 2.15 2.22 2.38 2.56 Life .................................................. .05 .05 .05 .05 .05 .05 .05 .05 .05 .05 .06 Health ............................................. 1.54 1.75 1.93 2.06 1.95 1.98 1.99 2.05 2.12 2.27 2.45 Short-term disability 2...................... .03 .04 .04 .04 .04 .02 .02 .02 .02 .03 .03 Long-term disability ........................ – – – – – .02 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 Retirement and savings ...................... 1.85 1.82 1.87 1.90 1.78 1.90 1.95 1.94 1.91 1.84 1.73 Pensions ......................................... 1.84 1.81 1.85 1.88 – – ––––– Savings and thrift ............................ 3() 3().02.02––––––– Defined benefit ............................... – – – – – 1.76 1.82 1.80 1.73 1.64 1.51 Defined contribution ........................ – – – – – .13 .14 .14 .18 .20 .22 Legally required benefits .................... 1.34 1.40 1.44 1.49 1.55 1.56 1.61 1.63 1.64 1.70 1.78 Social Security 4.............................. 1.04 1.07 1.09 1.12 1.19 1.21 1.25 1.28 1.31 1.35 1.40 OASDI ........................................ – – – – – .95 .98 1.00 1.01 1.05 1.08 Medicare ..................................... – – – – – .26 .27 .28 .29 .30 .32 Federal unemployment insurance .. 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() State unemployment insurance ...... .03 .04 .04 .04 .04 .04 .05 .04 .03 .03 .04 Workers' compensation .................. .26 .28 .30 .31 .31 .31 .30 .30 .30 .31 .34 Other benefits 5................................... .02 .02 .03 .03 .02 .03 .04 .04 .04 .05 .06 Percent of total compensation by year 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ 69.6 69.8 69.6 69.5 69.6 69.8 70.0 70.3 70.6 70.8 71.0 Total benefits .......................................... 30.4 30.2 30.4 30.5 30.4 30.2 30.0 29.7 29.4 29.2 29.0 Paid leave ........................................... 7.8 7.7 7.6 7.7 7.9 7.8 7.7 7.7 7.8 7.8 7.8 Vacation .......................................... 2.7 2.6 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.7 2.7 Holiday ............................................ 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 Sick ................................................. 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.9 2.0 2.0 2.0 Other ............................................... .7 .7 .7 .7 .6 .6 .6 .6 .6 .6 .6 Supplemental pay ............................... .9 .9 .9 .8 .9 .9 .9 .8 .9 .9 .9 Premium 1....................................... .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 Shift differential ............................... .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 Nonproduction bonuses .................. .3 .3 .3 .2 .3 .2 .2 .3 .2 .2 .3 Insurance ............................................ 7.3 7.8 8.3 8.5 8.2 8.1 7.9 7.9 7.9 8.2 8.5 Life .................................................. .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 Health ............................................. 6.9 7.4 7.9 8.2 7.8 7.7 7.5 7.5 7.6 7.8 8.2 Short-term disability 2...................... .1 .2 .2 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 Long-term disability ........................ – – – – – .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 Retirement and savings ...................... 8.3 7.8 7.6 7.5 7.1 7.4 7.4 7.1 6.8 6.3 5.8 Pensions ......................................... 8.2 7.7 7.6 7.4 – – ––––– Savings and thrift ............................ 6() 6() .1.1––––––– Defined benefit ............................... – – – – – 6.9 6.8 6.6 6.2 5.6 5.0 Defined contribution ........................ – – – – – .5 .5 .5 .6 .7 .7 Legally required benefits .................... 6.0 6.0 5.9 5.9 6.3 6.1 6.1 6.0 5.9 5.9 5.9 Social Security 4.............................. 4.6 4.6 4.5 4.4 4.8 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.6 4.7 OASDI ........................................ – – – – – 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.6 3.6 3.6 Medicare ..................................... – – – – – 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.1 Federal unemployment insurance .. 6() 6() 6() 6() 6() 6() 6() 6() 6() 6() 6() State unemployment insurance ...... .1 .1 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .1 .1 .1 .1 Workers' compensation .................. 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 Other benefits 5................................... .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .2 .2 1Includes premium pay for work in addition to the regular work schedule (such as overtime, weekends, and holidays).

2Short-term disability includes all insured, self-insured, and state-mandated plans that provide benefits for each disability, including unfunded plans.

6Less than .05 percent.

– Data not available.

Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 8 - Table 2. State and local government workers, by broad occupational group and for service industries: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1991-2001 -- Continued White-collar occupations Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... $25.07 $26.55 $27.67 $28.60 $27.60 $28.56 $29.54 $30.34 $30.99 $32.17 $33.32 Wages and salaries ................................ 17.86 18.99 19.72 20.38 19.69 20.43 21.21 21.89 22.44 23.36 24.22 Total benefits .......................................... 7.21 7.56 7.95 8.22 7.91 8.13 8.33 8.45 8.55 8.81 9.10 Paid leave ........................................... 1.85 1.90 1.98 2.05 2.03 2.08 2.14 2.19 2.24 2.33 2.42 Vacation .......................................... .58 .57 .59 .61 .64 .65 .66 .67 .69 .72 .75 Holiday ............................................ .59 .62 .64 .67 .66 .69 .71 .73 .74 .77 .80 Sick ................................................. .50 .53 .55 .57 .55 .57 .59 .61 .62 .65 .67 Other ............................................... .17 .18 .19 .20 .18 .17 .18 .18 .19 .19 .20 Supplemental pay ............................... .14 .14 .14 .12 .14 .14 .14 .14 .14 .14 .15 Premium 1....................................... .04 .04 .04 .04 .04 .04 .04 .04 .04 .04 .04 Shift differential ............................... .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .04 .04 .04 .04 .04 .04 Nonproduction bonuses .................. .07 .07 .07 .05 .06 .06 .06 .06 .06 .06 .07 Insurance ............................................ 1.73 1.96 2.17 2.31 2.14 2.19 2.20 2.27 2.35 2.51 2.72 Life .................................................. .06 .06 .06 .05 .05 .05 .05 .06 .06 .06 .06 Health ............................................. 1.63 1.86 2.07 2.22 2.05 2.09 2.10 2.17 2.25 2.40 2.60 Short-term disability 2...................... .04 .04 .05 .04 .04 .02 .02 .02 .02 .02 .02 Long-term disability ........................ – – – – – .03 .03 .03 .03 .04 .04 Retirement and savings ...................... 2.04 2.03 2.08 2.11 1.90 2.02 2.08 2.07 2.02 1.96 1.83 Pensions ......................................... 2.03 2.02 2.06 2.09 – – ––––– Savings and thrift ............................ 3() 3().02.02––––––– Defined benefit ............................... – – – – – 1.86 1.91 1.90 1.82 1.73 1.59 Defined contribution ........................ – – – – – .16 .17 .17 .20 .23 .24 Legally required benefits .................... 1.43 1.50 1.55 1.60 1.67 1.67 1.73 1.74 1.76 1.82 1.92 Social Security 4.............................. 1.18 1.22 1.25 1.28 1.36 1.37 1.42 1.46 1.48 1.54 1.59 OASDI ........................................ – – – – – 1.07 1.11 1.13 1.15 1.19 1.23 Medicare ..................................... – – – – – .30 .31 .32 .33 .35 .36 Federal unemployment insurance .. 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() State unemployment insurance ...... .03 .04 .05 .05 .05 .04 .05 .04 .03 .03 .04 Workers' compensation .................. .21 .24 .26 .27 .26 .26 .25 .25 .24 .25 .28 Other benefits 5................................... .02 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .04 .04 .05 .05 .06 Percent of total compensation by year 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ 71.2 71.5 71.3 71.2 71.3 71.5 71.8 72.1 72.4 72.6 72.7 Total benefits .......................................... 28.8 28.5 28.7 28.8 28.7 28.5 28.2 27.9 27.6 27.4 27.3 Paid leave ........................................... 7.4 7.2 7.1 7.2 7.4 7.3 7.3 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.3 Vacation .......................................... 2.3 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.3 Holiday ............................................ 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 Sick ................................................. 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 Other ............................................... .7 .7 .7 .7 .7 .6 .6 .6 .6 .6 .6 Supplemental pay ............................... .5 .5 .5 .4 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .4 .5 Premium 1....................................... .2 .2 .2 .1 .2 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 Shift differential ............................... .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 Nonproduction bonuses .................. .3 .3 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 Insurance ............................................ 6.9 7.4 7.8 8.1 7.8 7.7 7.5 7.5 7.6 7.8 8.2 Life .................................................. .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 Health ............................................. 6.5 7.0 7.5 7.7 7.4 7.3 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.5 7.8 Short-term disability 2...................... .1 .2 .2 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 Long-term disability ........................ – – – – – .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 Retirement and savings ...................... 8.2 7.6 7.5 7.4 6.9 7.1 7.0 6.8 6.5 6.1 5.5 Pensions ......................................... 8.1 7.6 7.4 7.3 – – ––––– Savings and thrift ............................ 6() 6() .1.1––––––– Defined benefit ............................... – – – – – 6.5 6.5 6.3 5.9 5.4 4.8 Defined contribution ........................ – – – – – .6 .6 .6 .6 .7 .7 Legally required benefits .................... 5.7 5.7 5.6 5.6 6.0 5.8 5.9 5.7 5.7 5.7 5.8 Social Security 4.............................. 4.7 4.6 4.5 4.5 4.9 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 OASDI ........................................ – – – – – 3.7 3.8 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.7 Medicare ..................................... – – – – – 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 Federal unemployment insurance .. 6() 6() 6() 6() 6() 6() 6() 6() 6() 6() 6() State unemployment insurance ...... .1 .1 .2 .2 .2 .1 .2 .1 .1 .1 .1 Workers' compensation .................. .8 .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 .8 .8 .8 .8 Other benefits 5................................... .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .2 .2 .2 1Includes premium pay for work in addition to the regular work schedule (such as overtime, weekends, and holidays).

2Short-term disability includes all insured, self-insured, and state-mandated plans that provide benefits for each disability, including unfunded plans.

6Less than .05 percent.

– Data not available.

Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 9 - Table 2. State and local government workers, by broad occupational group and for service industries: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1991-2001 -- Continued Service occupations Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... $16.02 $16.52 $17.04 $17.71 $18.39 $18.92 $19.50 $20.10 $21.23 $22.05 $22.83 Wages and salaries ................................ 10.30 10.54 10.83 11.25 11.77 12.09 12.51 12.97 13.74 14.29 14.91 Total benefits .......................................... 5.72 5.99 6.21 6.45 6.62 6.83 6.99 7.13 7.49 7.76 7.92 Paid leave ........................................... 1.49 1.53 1.58 1.66 1.70 1.72 1.78 1.85 1.98 2.06 2.13 Vacation .......................................... .62 .65 .66 .70 .72 .73 .75 .78 .84 .88 .92 Holiday ............................................ .46 .47 .49 .51 .54 .55 .57 .60 .63 .66 .67 Sick ................................................. .31 .31 .32 .33 .34 .33 .34 .35 .37 .38 .39 Other ............................................... .10 .11 .11 .11 .11 .11 .12 .12 .13 .14 .15 Supplemental pay ............................... .37 .36 .37 .39 .40 .42 .44 .45 .51 .53 .55 Premium 1....................................... .20 .20 .20 .21 .22 .22 .23 .24 .25 .28 .29 Shift differential ............................... .09 .10 .10 .11 .10 .11 .11 .12 .13 .12 .13 Nonproduction bonuses .................. .08 .06 .07 .07 .08 .09 .10 .09 .13 .13 .14 Insurance ............................................ 1.34 1.53 1.65 1.73 1.72 1.73 1.74 1.79 1.84 2.01 2.11 Life .................................................. .04 .04 .04 .04 .04 .04 .04 .04 .04 .04 .05 Health ............................................. 1.27 1.46 1.59 1.67 1.66 1.66 1.65 1.71 1.76 1.89 2.00 Short-term disability 2...................... .03 .03 .03 .02 .03 .02 .02 .03 .03 .05 .05 Long-term disability ........................ – – – – – 3( ) .02 3( ) .02 .02 .02 Retirement and savings ...................... 1.49 1.46 1.50 1.53 1.57 1.71 1.76 1.73 1.80 1.73 1.62 Pensions ......................................... 1.48 1.44 1.49 1.52 – – ––––– Savings and thrift ............................ 3() 3() 3() 3()––––––– Defined benefit ............................... – – – – – 1.65 1.70 1.67 1.72 1.65 1.52 Defined contribution ........................ – – – – – .06 .05 .06 .08 .08 .10 Legally required benefits .................... 1.03 1.09 1.09 1.12 1.19 1.22 1.24 1.27 1.33 1.38 1.45 Social Security 4.............................. .67 .69 .69 .71 .76 .78 .80 .83 .86 .89 .93 OASDI ........................................ – – – – – .61 .62 .64 .66 .69 .71 Medicare ..................................... – – – – – .17 .18 .19 .20 .21 .22 Federal unemployment insurance .. 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() State unemployment insurance ...... .02 .03 .04 .04 .04 .05 .05 .05 .04 .04 .04 Workers' compensation .................. .33 .36 .35 .36 .38 .38 .39 .39 .43 .45 .48 Other benefits 5................................... .02 .02 .02 .02 .03 .03 .03 .03 .04 .06 .06 Percent of total compensation by year 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ 64.3 63.8 63.5 63.6 64.0 63.9 64.1 64.5 64.7 64.8 65.3 Total benefits .......................................... 35.7 36.2 36.5 36.4 36.0 36.1 35.9 35.5 35.3 35.2 34.7 Paid leave ........................................... 9.3 9.3 9.3 9.4 9.3 9.1 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.3 9.3 Vacation .......................................... 3.9 3.9 3.9 4.0 3.9 3.8 3.9 3.9 4.0 4.0 4.0 Holiday ............................................ 2.8 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9 3.0 3.0 3.0 2.9 Sick ................................................. 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 Other ............................................... .6 .6 .6 .6 .6 .6 .6 .6 .6 .6 .7 Supplemental pay ............................... 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.2 2.4 2.4 2.4 Premium 1....................................... 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.3 Shift differential ............................... .6 .6 .6 .6 .5 .6 .6 .6 .6 .5 .6 Nonproduction bonuses .................. .5 .4 .4 .4 .5 .5 .5 .4 .6 .6 .6 Insurance ............................................ 8.3 9.2 9.7 9.8 9.4 9.2 8.9 8.9 8.7 9.1 9.2 Life .................................................. .2 .3 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 Health ............................................. 7.9 8.8 9.3 9.4 9.0 8.8 8.5 8.5 8.3 8.6 8.8 Short-term disability 2...................... .2 .2 .2 .1 .2 .1 .1 .1 .1 .2 .2 Long-term disability ........................ – – – – – 6() .1 6( ) .1 .1 .1 Retirement and savings ...................... 9.3 8.8 8.8 8.6 8.6 9.0 9.0 8.6 8.5 7.8 7.1 Pensions ......................................... 9.2 8.7 8.7 8.6 – – ––––– Savings and thrift ............................ 6() 6() 6() 6()––––––– Defined benefit ............................... – – – – – 8.7 8.7 8.3 8.1 7.5 6.7 Defined contribution ........................ – – – – – .3 .3 .3 .4 .4 .4 Legally required benefits .................... 6.4 6.6 6.4 6.3 6.5 6.4 6.4 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.4 Social Security 4.............................. 4.2 4.2 4.1 4.0 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.0 4.1 OASDI ........................................ – – – – – 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.1 3.1 3.1 Medicare ..................................... – – – – – .9 .9 .9 .9 1.0 1.0 Federal unemployment insurance .. 6() 6() 6() 6() 6() 6() 6() 6() 6() 6() 6() State unemployment insurance ...... .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .3 .3 .2 .2 .2 .2 Workers' compensation .................. 2.0 2.2 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.0 2.0 1.9 2.0 2.0 2.1 Other benefits 5................................... .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .2 .1 .2 .3 .3 1Includes premium pay for work in addition to the regular work schedule (such as overtime, weekends, and holidays).

2Short-term disability includes all insured, self-insured, and state-mandated plans that provide benefits for each disability, including unfunded plans.

6Less than .05 percent.

– Data not available.

Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 10 - Table 2. State and local government workers, by broad occupational group and for service industries: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1991-2001 -- Continued Service industries Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... $23.69 $24.92 $26.02 $26.94 $25.92 $26.98 $27.88 $28.62 $29.45 $30.61 $31.69 Wages and salaries ................................ 16.96 17.85 18.58 19.25 18.60 19.43 20.15 20.80 21.50 22.37 23.18 Total benefits .......................................... 6.73 7.06 7.44 7.69 7.32 7.55 7.73 7.82 7.95 8.25 8.51 Paid leave ........................................... 1.59 1.68 1.74 1.80 1.78 1.83 1.87 1.91 1.96 2.04 2.13 Vacation .......................................... .44 .46 .47 .48 .51 .51 .52 .52 .53 .55 .59 Holiday ............................................ .52 .55 .57 .59 .59 .62 .63 .65 .66 .68 .71 Sick ................................................. .47 .50 .52 .54 .52 .54 .55 .57 .59 .62 .64 Other ............................................... .17 .17 .18 .19 .17 .16 .17 .17 .18 .18 .19 Supplemental pay ............................... .16 .15 .16 .14 .15 .15 .15 .15 .15 .16 .17 Premium 1....................................... .05 .05 .05 .05 .05 .05 .05 .05 .05 .05 .05 Shift differential ............................... .04 .04 .04 .04 .04 .05 .05 .05 .05 .05 .05 Nonproduction bonuses .................. .07 .06 .07 .04 .06 .05 .05 .05 .05 .05 .06 Insurance ............................................ 1.72 1.92 2.12 2.24 2.04 2.09 2.11 2.17 2.27 2.44 2.61 Life .................................................. .05 .05 .05 .05 .05 .05 .05 .05 .05 .05 .05 Health ............................................. 1.64 1.83 2.03 2.16 1.95 2.00 2.01 2.08 2.17 2.33 2.50 Short-term disability 3...................... .03 .04 .04 .04 .03 2( ) .02 .02 .02 .02 .02 Long-term disability ........................ – – – – – .02 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 Retirement and savings ...................... 1.92 1.90 1.95 1.97 1.77 1.88 1.93 1.90 1.86 1.84 1.72 Pensions ......................................... 1.91 1.89 1.94 1.96 – – ––––– Savings and thrift ............................ 2() 2() 2().02––––––– Defined benefit ............................... – – – – – 1.72 1.77 1.74 1.69 1.64 1.51 Defined contribution ........................ – – – – – .15 .16 .15 .17 .20 .21 Legally required benefits .................... 1.32 1.40 1.45 1.50 1.57 1.58 1.63 1.64 1.66 1.73 1.83 Social Security 4.............................. 1.09 1.14 1.16 1.20 1.29 1.30 1.35 1.38 1.42 1.47 1.52 OASDI ........................................ – – – – – 1.02 1.05 1.08 1.10 1.14 1.18 Medicare ..................................... – – – – – .28 .29 .30 .31 .33 .34 Federal unemployment insurance .. 2() 2() 2() 2() 2() 2() 2() 2() 2() 2() 2() State unemployment insurance ...... .03 .03 .04 .04 .04 .04 .05 .03 .03 .03 .04 Workers' compensation .................. .20 .22 .25 .25 .23 .24 .23 .22 .21 .22 .27 Other benefits 5................................... .02 .03 .03 .03 .02 .03 .04 .05 .05 .05 .06 Percent of total compensation by year 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ 71.6 71.7 71.4 71.5 71.7 72.0 72.3 72.7 73.0 73.1 73.1 Total benefits .......................................... 28.4 28.3 28.6 28.5 28.3 28.0 27.7 27.3 27.0 27.0 26.9 Paid leave ........................................... 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.9 6.8 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 Vacation .......................................... 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.8 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.9 Holiday ............................................ 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.2 Sick ................................................. 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 Other ............................................... .7 .7 .7 .7 .6 .6 .6 .6 .6 .6 .6 Supplemental pay ............................... .7 .6 .6 .5 .6 .6 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 Premium 1....................................... .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 Shift differential ............................... .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 Nonproduction bonuses .................. .3 .3 .3 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 Insurance ............................................ 7.2 7.7 8.1 8.3 7.9 7.7 7.6 7.6 7.7 8.0 8.2 Life .................................................. .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 Health ............................................. 6.9 7.3 7.8 8.0 7.5 7.4 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.6 7.9 Short-term disability 3...................... .1 .1 .2 .1 .1 6( ) .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 Long-term disability ........................ – – – – – .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 Retirement and savings ...................... 8.1 7.6 7.5 7.3 6.8 7.0 6.9 6.6 6.3 6.0 5.4 Pensions ......................................... 8.1 7.6 7.5 7.3 – – ––––– Savings and thrift ............................ 6() 6() 6() .1––––––– Defined benefit ............................... – – – – – 6.4 6.3 6.1 5.7 5.4 4.8 Defined contribution ........................ – – – – – .6 .6 .5 .6 .7 .7 Legally required benefits .................... 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6 6.0 5.8 5.8 5.7 5.6 5.7 5.8 Social Security 4.............................. 4.6 4.6 4.5 4.5 5.0 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 OASDI ........................................ – – – – – 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.7 3.7 3.7 Medicare ..................................... – – – – – 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.1 Federal unemployment insurance .. 6() 6() 6() 6() 6() 6() 6() 6() 6() 6() 6() State unemployment insurance ...... .1 .1 .2 .2 .2 .1 .2 .1 .1 .1 .1 Workers' compensation .................. .8 .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 .8 .8 .7 .7 .9 Other benefits 5................................... .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 1Includes premium pay for work in addition to the regular work schedule (such as overtime, weekends, and holidays).

2Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.3Short-term disability includes all insured, self-insured, and state-mandated plans that provide benefits for each disability, including unfunded plans.

6Less than .05 percent.

– Data not available.

Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 11 - Table 3. Private industry workers, by occupational and industry group: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1986-2001 All workers Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... $13.25 $13.42 $13.79 $14.28 $14.96 $15.40 $16.14 $16.70 $17.08 $17.10 $17.49 $17.97 $18.50 $19.00 $19.85 $20.81 Wages and salaries ................................ 9.67 9.83 10.02 10.38 10.84 11.14 11.58 11.90 12.14 12.25 12.58 13.04 13.47 13.87 14.49 15.18 Total benefits .......................................... 3.58 3.60 3.77 3.90 4.13 4.27 4.55 4.80 4.94 4.85 4.91 4.94 5.02 5.13 5.36 5.63 Paid leave ........................................... .93 .93 .97 1.00 1.03 1.05 1.09 1.11 1.11 1.09 1.12 1.14 1.16 1.20 1.28 1.37 Vacation .......................................... .46 .46 .48 .50 .51 .52 .54 .54 .54 .54 .55 .57 .58 .59 .63 .68 Holiday ............................................ .32 .31 .33 .34 .34 .35 .37 .38 .38 .37 .38 .39 .40 .41 .44 .47 Sick ................................................. .11 .12 .12 .12 .13 .13 .14 .14 .14 .14 .14 .13 .14 .14 .15 .17 Other ............................................... .03 .03 .04 .04 .04 .05 .05 .05 .05 .05 .05 .05 .05 .05 .06 .06 Supplemental pay ............................... .30 .32 .33 .34 .37 .36 .39 .42 .44 .47 .49 .51 .56 .55 .60 .61 Premium 1....................................... .16 .16 .17 .17 .17 .17 .18 .19 .19 .19 .20 .21 .22 .23 .24 .24 Shift differential ............................... .04 .04 .04 .05 .05 .05 .05 .05 .06 .05 .06 .05 .05 .05 .05 .05 Nonproduction bonuses .................. .10 .12 .12 .12 .16 .13 .15 .19 .20 .23 .24 .26 .29 .28 .31 .32 Insurance ............................................ .73 .72 .78 .85 .92 1.01 1.12 1.19 1.23 1.15 1.14 1.09 1.10 1.13 1.19 1.28 Life .................................................. ––––– .05.05.05.05.04.04.05.04.04.04.05 Health ............................................. ––––– .921.02 1.10 1.14 1.06 1.04 .99 1.00 1.03 1.09 1.16 Short-term disability 2...................... ––––– .04.05.05.05.04.03.03.04.04.04.04 Long-term disability ........................ –––––––––– .02.02.02.02.03.03 Retirement and savings ...................... .50 .48 .45 .42 .45 .44 .46 .48 .52 .52 .55 .55 .55 .57 .59 .62 Pensions ......................................... – .42 .38 .34 .36 .35 .36 .38 .41 .39–––––– Savings and thrift ............................ – .06 .07 .08 .09 .10 .10 .10 .11 .13–––––– Defined benefit ............................... –––––––––– .30.26.24.25.23.21 Defined contribution ........................ –––––––––– .25.29.30.32.36.40 Legally required benefits .................... 1.11 1.13 1.22 1.27 1.35 1.40 1.47 1.55 1.60 1.59 1.59 1.62 1.63 1.65 1.67 1.73 Social Security 3.............................. .74 .75 .81 .84 .89 .92 .96 .99 1.02 1.02 1.05 1.08 1.12 1.16 1.20 1.26 OASDI ........................................ –––––––––– .84.87.90.93.971.02 Medicare ..................................... –––––––––– .21.21.22.23.24.25 Federal unemployment insurance .. .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 State unemployment insurance ...... .12 .12 .12 .11 .09 .09 .10 .11 .13 .12 .12 .12 .11 .10 .10 .09 Workers' compensation .................. .19 .21 .24 .27 .31 .33 .36 .39 .41 .39 .40 .39 .36 .36 .33 .33 Other benefits 5................................... .02 .02 .02 .02 4() 4( ) .02 .04 .04 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .02 Percent of total compensation by year 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ 73.0 73.2 72.7 72.7 72.4 72.3 71.8 71.3 71.1 71.6 71.9 72.5 72.8 73.0 73.0 72.9 Total benefits .......................................... 27.0 26.8 27.3 27.3 27.6 27.7 28.2 28.7 28.9 28.4 28.1 27.5 27.1 27.0 27.0 27.1 Paid leave ........................................... 7.0 6.9 7.0 7.0 6.9 6.8 6.8 6.6 6.5 6.4 6.4 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.4 6.6 Vacation .......................................... 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.4 3.4 3.3 3.2 3.2 3.1 3.2 3.2 3.1 3.1 3.2 3.3 Holiday ............................................ 2.4 2.3 2.4 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.3 Sick ................................................. .9 .9 .9 .9 .8 .8 .9 .8 .8 .8 .8 .7 .8 .7 .8 .8 Other ............................................... .2 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 Supplemental pay ............................... 2.3 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.5 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.8 2.8 2.9 3.0 2.9 3.0 2.9 Premium 1....................................... 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 Shift differential ............................... .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .2 Nonproduction bonuses .................. .7 .9 .8 .8 1.0 .9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.5 Insurance ............................................ 5.5 5.4 5.6 6.0 6.1 6.5 6.9 7.2 7.2 6.7 6.5 6.1 5.9 5.9 6.0 6.2 Life .................................................. ––––– .3.3.3.3.3.3.3.2.2.2.2 Health ............................................. ––––– 6.06.36.66.76.25.95.55.45.45.55.6 Short-term disability 2...................... ––––– .3.3.3.3.3.2.2.2.2.2.2 Long-term disability ........................ –––––––––– .1.1.1.1.2.1 Retirement and savings ...................... 3.8 3.6 3.3 2.9 3.0 2.9 2.9 2.9 3.0 3.0 3.1 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 Pensions ......................................... – 3.1 2.8 2.4 2.4 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.4 2.3–––––– Savings and thrift ............................ – .5 .5 .6 .6 .6 .6 .6 .6 .8–––––– Defined benefit ............................... –––––––––– 1.71.41.31.31.21.0 Defined contribution ........................ –––––––––– 1.41.61.61.71.81.9 Legally required benefits .................... 8.4 8.4 8.8 8.9 9.0 9.1 9.1 9.3 9.4 9.3 9.1 9.0 8.8 8.7 8.4 8.3 Social Security 3.............................. 5.6 5.6 5.9 5.9 6.0 6.0 6.0 5.9 5.9 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.1 6.1 6.0 6.1 OASDI ........................................ –––––––––– 4.84.84.94.94.94.9 Medicare ..................................... –––––––––– 1.21.21.21.21.21.2 Federal unemployment insurance .. .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .1 State unemployment insurance ...... .9 .9 .8 .8 .6 .6 .6 .7 .7 .7 .7 .6 .6 .5 .5 .4 Workers' compensation .................. 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.9 2.1 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.2 1.9 1.9 1.7 1.6 Other benefits 5................................... .1 .1 .2 .1 6() 6( ) .1 .2 .2 .2 .2 .1 .2 .2 .2 .1 1Includes premium pay for work in addition to the regular work schedule (such as overtime, weekends, and holidays).

2Short-term disability includes all insured, self-insured, and state-mandated plans that provide benefits for each disability, including unfunded plans.

– Data not available.

Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 12 - Table 3. Private industry workers, by occupational and industry group: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1986-2001 -- Continued White-collar occupations Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... $15.34 $15.56 $15.97 $16.57 $17.59 $18.15 $18.95 $19.67 $20.26 $20.50 $21.10 $21.60 $22.38 $23.02 $24.19 $25.34 Wages and salaries ................................ 11.41 11.61 11.84 12.29 12.99 13.40 13.90 14.32 14.72 14.98 15.44 15.94 16.54 17.02 17.91 18.71 Total benefits .......................................... 3.93 3.95 4.13 4.28 4.60 4.75 5.05 5.35 5.54 5.53 5.66 5.66 5.84 6.00 6.28 6.63 Paid leave ........................................... 1.18 1.20 1.26 1.31 1.35 1.38 1.43 1.44 1.46 1.45 1.50 1.53 1.57 1.63 1.76 1.88 Vacation .......................................... .57 .58 .61 .63 .65 .67 .68 .69 .70 .69 .72 .75 .77 .79 .86 .92 Holiday ............................................ .40 .39 .41 .43 .45 .46 .48 .49 .49 .49 .51 .52 .54 .55 .59 .63 Sick ................................................. .16 .17 .18 .19 .19 .19 .21 .21 .21 .20 .20 .19 .20 .21 .22 .25 Other ............................................... .04 .05 .05 .06 .06 .06 .07 .06 .07 .06 .07 .07 .07 .07 .08 .08 Supplemental pay ............................... .25 .28 .29 .29 .34 .32 .37 .44 .47 .52 .54 .56 .63 .61 .67 .68 Premium 1....................................... .09 .08 .08 .09 .09 .09 .10 .10 .10 .11 .12 .12 .13 .13 .13 .13 Shift differential ............................... .03 .03 .03 .04 .04 .05 .05 .05 .05 .05 .06 .04 .04 .04 .04 .05 Nonproduction bonuses .................. .14 .18 .17 .16 .21 .18 .22 .29 .31 .36 .37 .40 .46 .44 .49 .50 Insurance ............................................ .77 .77 .83 .92 1.02 1.12 1.23 1.32 1.36 1.29 1.28 1.20 1.24 1.28 1.34 1.43 Life .................................................. ––––– .06.06.06.06.06.06.06.06.06.05.06 Health ............................................. –––––1.02 1.12 1.20 1.25 1.18 1.16 1.07 1.11 1.15 1.21 1.29 Short-term disability 2...................... ––––– .05.05.06.06.06.04.04.04.04.04.04 Long-term disability ........................ –––––––––– .03.03.03.04.04.04 Retirement and savings ...................... .62 .57 .54 .50 .54 .52 .53 .57 .59 .61 .66 .65 .66 .69 .70 .75 Pensions ......................................... – .48 .43 .38 .40 .38 .39 .42 .44 ––––––– Savings and thrift ............................ – .10 .10 .12 .14 .14 .14 .15 .15 ––––––– Defined benefit ............................... –––––––––– .30.24.22.23.20.17 Defined contribution ........................ –––––––––– .36.41.44.46.50.58 Legally required benefits .................... 1.10 1.12 1.20 1.25 1.34 1.39 1.47 1.54 1.60 1.62 1.64 1.69 1.71 1.76 1.78 1.85 Social Security 3.............................. .84 .85 .92 .96 1.04 1.08 1.12 1.16 1.20 1.22 1.25 1.29 1.34 1.39 1.45 1.52 OASDI ........................................ ––––––––––1.00 1.03 1.07 1.11 1.15 1.22 Medicare ..................................... –––––––––– .25.26.27.28.29.31 Federal unemployment insurance .. .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 State unemployment insurance ...... .11 .11 .10 .10 .09 .09 .09 .11 .12 .12 .12 .12 .11 .10 .10 .09 Workers' compensation .................. .10 .11 .13 .15 .16 .18 .20 .23 .24 .24 .24 .25 .23 .24 .21 .21 Other benefits 5................................... .02 .02 .02 4() 4() 4( ) .02 .04 .05 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 Percent of total compensation by year 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ 74.4 74.6 74.1 74.2 73.8 73.8 73.4 72.8 72.7 73.0 73.2 73.8 73.9 73.9 74.0 73.8 Total benefits .......................................... 25.6 25.4 25.9 25.8 26.2 26.2 26.6 27.2 27.3 27.0 26.8 26.2 26.1 26.1 26.0 26.2 Paid leave ........................................... 7.7 7.7 7.9 7.9 7.7 7.6 7.5 7.3 7.2 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.0 7.1 7.3 7.4 Vacation .......................................... 3.7 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.7 3.7 3.6 3.5 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.5 3.4 3.4 3.6 3.6 Holiday ............................................ 2.6 2.5 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.5 Sick ................................................. 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.0 .9 .9 .9 .9 1.0 Other ............................................... .3 .3 .3 .3 .4 .3 .4 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 Supplemental pay ............................... 1.6 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.9 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.3 2.5 2.6 2.6 2.8 2.6 2.8 2.7 Premium 1....................................... .6 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .6 .5 .6 .6 .5 .5 Shift differential ............................... .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .3 .2 .2 .3 .3 .3 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 Nonproduction bonuses .................. .9 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.2 1.0 1.2 1.5 1.5 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.1 1.9 2.0 2.0 Insurance ............................................ 5.0 4.9 5.2 5.5 5.8 6.2 6.5 6.7 6.7 6.3 6.1 5.6 5.5 5.6 5.5 5.6 Life .................................................. ––––– .3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.2.2 Health ............................................. ––––– 5.65.96.16.25.75.55.05.05.05.05.1 Short-term disability 2...................... ––––– .3.3.3.3.3.2.2.2.2.2.2 Long-term disability ........................ –––––––––– .2.1.1.2.2.2 Retirement and savings ...................... 4.0 3.7 3.4 3.0 3.1 2.9 2.8 2.9 2.9 3.0 3.1 3.0 2.9 3.0 2.9 3.0 Pensions ......................................... – 3.1 2.7 2.3 2.3 2.1 2.1 2.2 2.2 ––––––– Savings and thrift ............................ – .6 .7 .7 .8 .8 .7 .7 .8 ––––––– Defined benefit ............................... –––––––––– 1.41.11.01.0.8.7 Defined contribution ........................ –––––––––– 1.71.92.02.02.12.3 Legally required benefits .................... 7.2 7.2 7.5 7.6 7.6 7.7 7.7 7.8 7.9 7.9 7.8 7.8 7.6 7.6 7.4 7.3 Social Security 3.............................. 5.5 5.5 5.8 5.8 5.9 5.9 5.9 5.9 5.9 6.0 5.9 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 OASDI ........................................ –––––––––– 4.74.84.84.84.84.8 Medicare ..................................... –––––––––– 1.21.21.21.21.21.2 Federal unemployment insurance .. .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 State unemployment insurance ...... .7 .7 .6 .6 .5 .5 .5 .5 .6 .6 .6 .5 .5 .4 .4 .4 Workers' compensation .................. .7 .7 .8 .9 .9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.0 .9 .8 Other benefits 5................................... .1 .1 .1 6() 6() 6( ) .1 .2 .2 .2 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 1Includes premium pay for work in addition to the regular work schedule (such as overtime, weekends, and holidays).

2Short-term disability includes all insured, self-insured, and state-mandated plans that provide benefits for each disability, including unfunded plans.

– Data not available.

Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 13 - Table 3. Private industry workers, by occupational and industry group: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1986-2001 -- Continued Blue-collar occupations Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... $13.34 $13.43 $13.87 $14.35 $14.57 $15.15 $15.88 $16.43 $16.92 $16.69 $17.04 $17.19 $17.56 $17.98 $18.73 $19.35 Wages and salaries ................................ 9.30 9.38 9.59 9.91 10.04 10.37 10.74 11.01 11.31 11.28 11.61 11.80 12.15 12.51 12.99 13.48 Total benefits .......................................... 4.04 4.05 4.27 4.44 4.53 4.78 5.13 5.42 5.62 5.42 5.44 5.39 5.41 5.48 5.73 5.87 Paid leave ........................................... .83 .82 .85 .87 .86 .91 .94 .97 .97 .94 .95 .93 .96 .98 1.01 1.08 Vacation .......................................... .44 .43 .44 .46 .46 .47 .49 .50 .51 .50 .51 .50 .50 .51 .52 .54 Holiday ............................................ .30 .30 .31 .31 .30 .32 .34 .35 .35 .33 .34 .34 .34 .35 .37 .39 Sick ................................................. .07 .06 .07 .07 .07 .07 .08 .08 .08 .07 .07 .07 .07 .08 .08 .10 Other ............................................... .02 .03 .03 .03 .03 .04 .04 .04 .04 .03 .04 .03 .04 .04 .04 .04 Supplemental pay ............................... .47 .47 .50 .53 .53 .54 .56 .56 .58 .60 .63 .65 .69 .69 .76 .76 Premium 1....................................... .34 .34 .36 .37 .34 .36 .38 .38 .39 .40 .41 .43 .45 .47 .50 .51 Shift differential ............................... .06 .06 .06 .07 .06 .06 .07 .07 .07 .07 .07 .06 .07 .07 .07 .07 Nonproduction bonuses .................. .07 .07 .08 .09 .13 .11 .11 .11 .12 .13 .15 .16 .17 .15 .19 .19 Insurance ............................................ .87 .87 .93 1.02 1.03 1.15 1.29 1.39 1.45 1.34 1.33 1.29 1.27 1.30 1.39 1.45 Life .................................................. ––––– .04.05.05.05.04.05.05.05.05.05.05 Health ............................................. –––––1.06 1.19 1.28 1.35 1.25 1.23 1.19 1.17 1.20 1.28 1.34 Short-term disability 2...................... ––––– .05.06.06.06.05.04.04.04.04.04.05 Long-term disability ........................ –––––––––– 3() 3( ) .02 .02 .02 .02 Retirement and savings ...................... .51 .50 .48 .45 .47 .49 .53 .56 .63 .60 .62 .62 .62 .64 .69 .66 Pensions ......................................... – .47 .44 .40 .41 .42 .45 .47 .54 ––––––– Savings and thrift ............................ – .03 .04 .05 .06 .07 .07 .09 .09 ––––––– Defined benefit ............................... –––––––––– .42.40.39.40.40.37 Defined contribution ........................ –––––––––– .20.22.23.24.29.29 Legally required benefits .................... 1.33 1.37 1.48 1.53 1.62 1.68 1.77 1.87 1.94 1.90 1.87 1.86 1.83 1.84 1.85 1.89 Social Security 4.............................. .75 .75 .82 .84 .87 .90 .93 .96 .98 .98 .99 1.01 1.04 1.07 1.11 1.15 OASDI ........................................ –––––––––– .80.82.84.87.90.93 Medicare ..................................... –––––––––– .19.19.20.20.21.22 Federal unemployment insurance .. .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 State unemployment insurance ...... .16 .15 .15 .14 .12 .11 .12 .14 .15 .14 .13 .12 .12 .12 .11 .11 Workers' compensation .................. .35 .39 .44 .48 .56 .60 .64 .70 .74 .72 .72 .70 .64 .62 .60 .60 Other benefits 5................................... .03 .03 .03 .03 .02 .02 .04 .07 .05 .04 .03 .04 .03 .03 .04 .03 Percent of total compensation by year 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ 69.7 69.8 69.2 69.1 68.9 68.4 67.7 67.0 66.8 67.6 68.1 68.6 69.2 69.6 69.4 69.7 Total benefits .......................................... 30.3 30.2 30.8 30.9 31.1 31.6 32.3 33.0 33.2 32.4 31.9 31.4 30.8 30.5 30.6 30.3 Paid leave ........................................... 6.2 6.1 6.1 6.1 5.9 6.0 5.9 5.9 5.7 5.6 5.6 5.4 5.5 5.5 5.4 5.6 Vacation .......................................... 3.3 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.0 3.0 3.0 2.9 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 Holiday ............................................ 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.0 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.9 2.0 2.0 Sick ................................................. .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .5 Other ............................................... .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .3 .3 .3 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 Supplemental pay ............................... 3.6 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.6 3.5 3.5 3.4 3.4 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.8 4.1 3.9 Premium 1....................................... 2.5 2.5 2.6 2.5 2.3 2.4 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.4 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.6 2.7 2.6 Shift differential ............................... .5 .5 .5 .5 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 Nonproduction bonuses .................. .5 .5 .6 .6 .9 .7 .7 .7 .7 .8 .9 .9 1.0 .8 1.0 1.0 Insurance ............................................ 6.5 6.4 6.7 7.1 7.0 7.6 8.1 8.5 8.6 8.0 7.8 7.5 7.2 7.2 7.4 7.5 Life .................................................. ––––– .3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3 Health ............................................. ––––– 7.07.57.88.07.57.26.96.76.76.86.9 Short-term disability 2...................... ––––– .3.4.4.3.3.2.2.2.2.2.3 Long-term disability ........................ –––––––––– 6() 6( ) .1 .1 .1 .1 Retirement and savings ...................... 3.8 3.7 3.4 3.1 3.2 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.7 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.4 Pensions ......................................... – 3.5 3.1 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.9 2.9 3.2 ––––––– Savings and thrift ............................ – .2 .3 .4 .4 .5 .5 .5 .5 ––––––– Defined benefit ............................... –––––––––– 2.52.42.22.22.11.9 Defined contribution ........................ –––––––––– 1.21.31.31.31.51.5 Legally required benefits .................... 10.0 10.2 10.7 10.7 11.1 11.1 11.2 11.4 11.4 11.4 11.0 10.8 10.4 10.2 9.9 9.8 Social Security 4.............................. 5.6 5.6 5.9 5.9 6.0 5.9 5.9 5.8 5.8 5.9 5.8 5.9 5.9 6.0 5.9 5.9 OASDI ........................................ –––––––––– 4.74.84.84.84.84.8 Medicare ..................................... –––––––––– 1.11.11.11.11.11.1 Federal unemployment insurance .. .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 State unemployment insurance ...... 1.2 1.1 1.1 .9 .8 .7 .8 .9 .9 .8 .8 .7 .7 .7 .6 .6 Workers' compensation .................. 2.6 2.9 3.2 3.4 3.9 3.9 4.1 4.3 4.4 4.3 4.2 4.1 3.6 3.4 3.2 3.1 Other benefits 5................................... .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .4 .3 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 1Includes premium pay for work in addition to the regular work schedule (such as overtime, weekends, and holidays).

2Short-term disability includes all insured, self-insured, and state-mandated plans that provide benefits for each disability, including unfunded plans.

3Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.4The total employer's cost for Social Security is comprised of an OASDI portion and a Medicare portion. OASDI is the acronym for Old-Age, Survivors, and DisabilityInsurance. 5Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.6Less than .05 percent.

– Data not available.

Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 14 - Table 3. Private industry workers, by occupational and industry group: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1986-2001 -- Continued Service occupations Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... $6.59 $6.43 $6.76 $7.16 $7.66 $7.82 $8.43 $8.54 $8.38 $8.39 $8.61 $9.04 $9.37 $9.58 $9.72 $10.32 Wages and salaries ................................ 5.01 4.96 5.20 5.50 5.84 5.96 6.38 6.48 6.33 6.35 6.53 6.94 7.25 7.44 7.57 8.00 Total benefits .......................................... 1.58 1.47 1.56 1.66 1.82 1.85 2.05 2.06 2.05 2.04 2.07 2.10 2.12 2.14 2.16 2.32 Paid leave ........................................... .34 .30 .32 .34 .36 .35 .39 .36 .36 .36 .36 .37 .38 .38 .39 .42 Vacation .......................................... .15 .15 .17 .18 .19 .18 .20 .18 .17 .17 .18 .18 .18 .18 .18 .20 Holiday ............................................ .11 .09 .10 .10 .11 .10 .11 .12 .12 .11 .11 .12 .12 .13 .13 .14 Sick ................................................. .06 .04 .04 .05 .06 .05 .06 .06 .06 .06 .06 .06 .06 .06 .06 .07 Other ............................................... .02 .02 .02 1() 1() 1( ) .02 1() 1( ) .02 .02 .02 .02 .02 .02 .02 Supplemental pay ............................... .10 .08 .09 .10 .12 .11 .12 .12 .12 .13 .14 .14 .14 .16 .14 .16 Premium 2....................................... .05 .04 .04 .05 .05 .05 .06 .07 .06 .06 .07 .07 .08 .08 .08 .08 Shift differential ............................... .03 .02 .02 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 Nonproduction bonuses .................. .02 .02 .02 .02 .04 .03 .03 .02 .02 .03 .04 .04 .04 .05 .04 .04 Insurance ............................................ .33 .27 .30 .32 .38 .39 .45 .48 .47 .45 .45 .44 .43 .43 .45 .52 Life .................................................. ––––– 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() Health ............................................. ––––– .36.42.45.45.43.41.40.40.40.42.49 Short-term disability 3...................... ––––– .02.02 1() 1() 1( ) .02 .02 .02 1() 1() 1() Long-term disability ........................ –––––––––– 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() Retirement and savings ...................... .12 .12 .11 .11 .13 .12 .14 .11 .12 .11 .13 .12 .13 .13 .13 .15 Pensions ......................................... – .11 .09 .09 .11 .10 .12 .09 .10 ––––––– Savings and thrift ............................ – 1( ) .02 .02 .02 .02 1() 1() 1()––––––– Defined benefit ............................... –––––––––– .08.06.06.06.05.05 Defined contribution ........................ –––––––––– .05.06.06.07.08.09 Legally required benefits .................... .69 .69 .74 .78 .82 .88 .94 .98 .98 .99 1.00 1.03 1.04 1.04 1.05 1.07 Social Security 4.............................. .40 .40 .43 .46 .49 .51 .54 .56 .56 .57 .58 .63 .66 .67 .69 .72 OASDI ........................................ –––––––––– .47.51.53.55.56.58 Medicare ..................................... –––––––––– .11.12.13.13.13.14 Federal unemployment insurance .. .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .04 .03 .04 .04 .03 .03 .04 .04 .04 .04 State unemployment insurance ...... .10 .10 .09 .08 .07 .08 .08 .09 .09 .10 .09 .09 .10 .09 .09 .08 Workers' compensation .................. .15 .16 .18 .20 .22 .25 .28 .29 .29 .28 .29 .27 .24 .25 .23 .23 Other benefits 5................................... 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() Percent of total compensation by year 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ 76.0 77.2 76.9 76.8 76.2 76.3 75.7 75.9 75.5 75.7 75.9 76.7 77.4 77.7 77.9 77.5 Total benefits .......................................... 24.0 22.8 23.1 23.2 23.8 23.7 24.3 24.1 24.5 24.3 24.1 23.3 22.6 22.3 22.2 22.5 Paid leave ........................................... 5.1 4.7 4.8 4.8 4.7 4.5 4.6 4.3 4.3 4.2 4.2 4.1 4.1 4.0 4.0 4.1 Vacation .......................................... 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.5 2.4 2.3 2.4 2.1 2.0 2.0 2.1 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 Holiday ............................................ 1.7 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.4 Sick ................................................. .9 .7 .7 .7 .7 .7 .7 .7 .7 .7 .7 .7 .6 .6 .6 .7 Other ............................................... .3 .2 .2 6() 6() 6() .2 6() 6( ) .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 Supplemental pay ............................... 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.6 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.7 1.4 1.6 Premium 2....................................... .7 .7 .6 .7 .7 .7 .7 .8 .7 .7 .8 .8 .9 .8 .8 .8 Shift differential ............................... .4 .3 .3 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 Nonproduction bonuses .................. .4 .3 .4 .3 .5 .3 .3 .3 .3 .4 .4 .5 .4 .5 .4 .4 Insurance ............................................ 5.0 4.2 4.4 4.5 4.9 5.0 5.4 5.6 5.6 5.4 5.2 4.8 4.6 4.5 4.6 5.0 Life .................................................. ––––– 6() 6() 6() 6() 6() 6() 6() 6() 6() 6() 6() Health ............................................. ––––– 4.65.05.35.45.14.84.54.34.24.34.7 Short-term disability 3...................... ––––– .2.2 6() 6() 6( ) .2 .2 .2 6() 6() 6() Long-term disability ........................ –––––––––– 6() 6() 6() 6() 6() 6() Retirement and savings ...................... 1.8 1.9 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.2 1.4 1.3 1.5 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.5 Pensions ......................................... – 1.7 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.5 1.1 1.2 ––––––– Savings and thrift ............................ – 6( ) .2 .3 .3 .3 6() 6() 6()––––––– Defined benefit ............................... –––––––––– .9.6.6.6.5.5 Defined contribution ........................ –––––––––– .6.6.6.7.8.9 Legally required benefits .................... 10.5 10.7 11.0 10.9 10.8 11.2 11.1 11.5 11.7 11.8 11.6 11.4 11.1 10.9 10.8 10.4 Social Security 4.............................. 6.1 6.1 6.4 6.4 6.5 6.5 6.4 6.5 6.7 6.7 6.8 6.9 7.0 7.0 7.1 7.0 OASDI ........................................ –––––––––– 5.55.65.75.75.85.6 Medicare ..................................... –––––––––– 1.31.31.41.41.31.4 Federal unemployment insurance .. .4 .5 .5 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 State unemployment insurance ...... 1.6 1.5 1.3 1.2 .9 1.0 .9 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.1 .9 .9 .8 Workers' compensation .................. 2.3 2.5 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.3 3.0 2.6 2.6 2.4 2.2 Other benefits 5................................... 6() 6() 6() 6() 6() 6() 6() 6() 6() 6() 6() 6() 6() 6() 6() 6() 1Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.2Includes premium pay for work in addition to the regular work schedule (such as overtime, weekends, and holidays).

3Short-term disability includes all insured, self-insured, and state-mandated plans that provide benefits for each disability, including unfunded plans.

4The total employer's cost for Social Security is comprised of an OASDI portion and a Medicare portion. OASDI is the acronym for Old-Age, Survivors, and DisabilityInsurance. 5Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.6Less than .05 percent.

– Data not available.

Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 15 - Table 3. Private industry workers, by occupational and industry group: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1986-2001 -- Continued Goods-producing industries 1 Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... $15.58 $15.86 $16.42 $17.21 $17.55 $18.48 $19.38 $20.22 $20.85 $20.75 $21.27 $21.86 $22.26 $22.86 $23.55 $24.40 Wages and salaries ................................ 10.91 11.12 11.42 11.90 12.14 12.70 13.17 13.54 13.87 13.97 14.38 14.92 15.35 15.84 16.25 16.86 Total benefits .......................................... 4.67 4.74 5.00 5.30 5.41 5.78 6.21 6.67 6.98 6.78 6.89 6.94 6.91 7.02 7.30 7.55 Paid leave ........................................... 1.09 1.09 1.13 1.20 1.19 1.27 1.33 1.38 1.38 1.37 1.43 1.45 1.47 1.50 1.51 1.60 Vacation .......................................... .56 .55 .58 .62 .62 .66 .69 .72 .72 .73 .76 .76 .76 .78 .76 .81 Holiday ............................................ .40 .40 .42 .43 .43 .46 .48 .50 .50 .49 .51 .53 .53 .55 .56 .59 Sick ................................................. .10 .10 .10 .10 .10 .11 .11 .11 .11 .11 .11 .11 .11 .11 .11 .13 Other ............................................... .03 .03 .04 .04 .04 .05 .05 .05 .05 .04 .05 .05 .06 .06 .08 .08 Supplemental pay ............................... .50 .53 .55 .60 .61 .63 .64 .67 .71 .78 .85 .82 .85 .85 1.02 1.07 Premium 2....................................... .31 .33 .35 .37 .34 .35 .37 .39 .40 .40 .42 .45 .47 .49 .54 .54 Shift differential ............................... .07 .07 .07 .08 .07 .08 .08 .08 .08 .07 .07 .07 .07 .07 .08 .08 Nonproduction bonuses .................. .13 .13 .13 .15 .20 .20 .19 .21 .23 .31 .36 .30 .30 .28 .41 .44 Insurance ............................................ 1.00 1.02 1.11 1.28 1.26 1.41 1.60 1.74 1.85 1.66 1.67 1.64 1.62 1.66 1.77 1.85 Life .................................................. ––––– .06.07.07.07.06.06.07.06.06.06.06 Health ............................................. –––––1.28 1.45 1.59 1.70 1.53 1.52 1.49 1.48 1.52 1.62 1.68 Short-term disability 3...................... ––––– .07.07.08.08.07.06.06.06.06.06.07 Long-term disability ........................ –––––––––– .02.02.02.02.03.03 Retirement and savings ...................... .67 .64 .61 .57 .61 .66 .70 .77 .85 .82 .80 .85 .82 .84 .83 .83 Pensions ......................................... – .56 .51 .45 .48 .50 .55 .60 .68 ––––––– Savings and thrift ............................ – .08 .10 .12 .14 .15 .16 .17 .17 ––––––– Defined benefit ............................... –––––––––– .48.49.45.45.41.38 Defined contribution ........................ –––––––––– .32.36.37.39.43.46 Legally required benefits .................... 1.38 1.43 1.55 1.61 1.70 1.78 1.89 1.99 2.08 2.08 2.08 2.11 2.09 2.11 2.09 2.14 Social Security 4.............................. .86 .88 .96 1.00 1.03 1.09 1.13 1.17 1.20 1.21 1.22 1.27 1.30 1.34 1.38 1.43 OASDI ........................................ –––––––––– .991.02 1.05 1.08 1.12 1.15 Medicare ..................................... –––––––––– .24.25.25.26.27.28 Federal unemployment insurance .. .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 State unemployment insurance ...... .18 .18 .18 .16 .13 .12 .13 .15 .17 .16 .16 .14 .14 .13 .12 .12 Workers' compensation .................. .29 .32 .37 .41 .50 .54 .58 .63 .68 .67 .67 .68 .63 .61 .56 .56 Other benefits 5................................... .03 .04 .04 .05 .03 .03 .05 .12 .11 .07 .07 .07 .07 .06 .07 .05 Percent of total compensation by year 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ 70.0 70.1 69.6 69.2 69.2 68.7 68.0 67.0 66.5 67.3 67.6 68.2 69.0 69.3 69.0 69.1 Total benefits .......................................... 30.0 29.9 30.4 30.8 30.8 31.3 32.0 33.0 33.5 32.7 32.4 31.8 31.0 30.7 31.0 30.9 Paid leave ........................................... 7.0 6.8 6.9 7.0 6.8 6.9 6.9 6.8 6.6 6.6 6.7 6.6 6.6 6.6 6.4 6.6 Vacation .......................................... 3.6 3.5 3.5 3.6 3.5 3.6 3.6 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.6 3.5 3.4 3.4 3.2 3.3 Holiday ............................................ 2.6 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.4 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 Sick ................................................. .6 .6 .6 .6 .6 .6 .6 .6 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 Other ............................................... .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .3 .3 .3 .3 .2 .2 .2 .3 .3 .3 .3 Supplemental pay ............................... 3.2 3.3 3.3 3.5 3.5 3.4 3.3 3.3 3.4 3.7 4.0 3.8 3.8 3.7 4.3 4.4 Premium 2....................................... 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.2 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.3 2.2 Shift differential ............................... .4 .4 .4 .5 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 Nonproduction bonuses .................. .8 .8 .8 .8 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.5 1.7 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.7 1.8 Insurance ............................................ 6.4 6.4 6.8 7.4 7.2 7.6 8.2 8.6 8.9 8.0 7.8 7.5 7.3 7.3 7.5 7.6 Life .................................................. ––––– .3.4.3.4.3.3.3.3.3.3.2 Health ............................................. ––––– 6.97.57.98.17.47.26.86.66.66.96.9 Short-term disability 3...................... ––––– .4.4.4.4.3.3.3.3.3.3.3 Long-term disability ........................ –––––––––– .1.1.1.1.1.1 Retirement and savings ...................... 4.3 4.1 3.7 3.3 3.5 3.6 3.6 3.8 4.1 4.0 3.7 3.9 3.7 3.7 3.5 3.4 Pensions ......................................... – 3.5 3.1 2.6 2.7 2.7 2.8 3.0 3.3 ––––––– Savings and thrift ............................ – .5 .6 .7 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 ––––––– Defined benefit ............................... –––––––––– 2.32.22.02.01.71.6 Defined contribution ........................ –––––––––– 1.51.71.71.71.81.9 Legally required benefits .................... 8.9 9.0 9.5 9.3 9.7 9.7 9.7 9.8 10.0 10.0 9.8 9.7 9.4 9.2 8.9 8.8 Social Security 4.............................. 5.5 5.6 5.8 5.8 5.9 5.9 5.8 5.8 5.8 5.8 5.8 5.8 5.8 5.9 5.9 5.9 OASDI ........................................ –––––––––– 4.64.74.74.74.84.7 Medicare ..................................... –––––––––– 1.11.11.11.11.11.1 Federal unemployment insurance .. .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 State unemployment insurance ...... 1.2 1.1 1.1 .9 .8 .6 .7 .8 .8 .8 .7 .7 .6 .6 .5 .5 Workers' compensation .................. 1.9 2.0 2.3 2.4 2.8 2.9 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.1 2.8 2.7 2.4 2.3 Other benefits 5................................... .2 .2 .3 .3 .2 .2 .3 .6 .5 .4 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .2 1Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.2Includes premium pay for work in addition to the regular work schedule (such as overtime, weekends, and holidays).

3Short-term disability includes all insured, self-insured, and state-mandated plans that provide benefits for each disability, including unfunded plans.

4The total employer's cost for Social Security is comprised of an OASDI portion anda Medicare portion. OASDI is the acronym for Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance. 5Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.

– Data not available.

Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 16 - Table 3. Private industry workers, by occupational and industry group: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1986-2001 -- Continued Service-producing industries 1 Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... $12.25 $12.41 $12.72 $13.12 $13.97 $14.31 $14.99 $15.51 $15.82 $15.88 $16.28 $16.73 $17.31 $17.82 $18.72 $19.74 Wages and salaries ................................ 9.13 9.29 9.45 9.78 10.34 10.58 11.02 11.34 11.56 11.67 12.01 12.44 12.88 13.26 13.95 14.68 Total benefits .......................................... 3.11 3.12 3.27 3.35 3.63 3.72 3.97 4.17 4.26 4.20 4.27 4.29 4.42 4.55 4.77 5.06 Paid leave ........................................... .86 .87 .91 .92 .96 .97 1.01 1.01 1.02 1.00 1.02 1.04 1.07 1.11 1.20 1.30 Vacation .......................................... .42 .43 .44 .45 .47 .47 .48 .48 .48 .47 .49 .50 .52 .54 .59 .64 Holiday ............................................ .29 .28 .29 .30 .31 .32 .33 .34 .34 .33 .34 .35 .36 .37 .40 .44 Sick ................................................. .12 .12 .13 .13 .14 .14 .15 .15 .15 .14 .15 .14 .14 .15 .16 .18 Other ............................................... .03 .04 .04 .04 .05 .05 .05 .05 .05 .05 .05 .05 .05 .05 .05 .05 Supplemental pay ............................... .21 .23 .24 .23 .28 .26 .30 .34 .36 .37 .38 .42 .47 .46 .47 .48 Premium 2....................................... .10 .09 .10 .09 .10 .11 .12 .12 .12 .12 .13 .13 .14 .14 .15 .15 Shift differential ............................... .03 .02 .03 .03 .04 .04 .04 .04 .05 .05 .05 .04 .04 .04 .04 .05 Nonproduction bonuses .................. .08 .11 .11 .10 .14 .11 .14 .18 .19 .20 .20 .25 .29 .28 .29 .29 Insurance ............................................ .62 .60 .64 .68 .79 .86 .95 1.01 1.03 .98 .97 .92 .94 .97 1.02 1.11 Life .................................................. ––––– .04.04.04.04.04.04.04.04.04.04.04 Health ............................................. ––––– .79.87.93.95.90.88.83.85.88.921.01 Short-term disability 3...................... ––––– .03.04.04.04.04.03.03.03.03.03.03 Long-term disability ........................ –––––––––– .02.02.02.02.03.03 Retirement and savings ...................... .43 .41 .39 .36 .39 .36 .38 .39 .41 .41 .47 .45 .46 .49 .51 .55 Pensions ......................................... – .36 .33 .30 .31 .29 .30 .31 .32 ––––––– Savings and thrift ............................ – .05 .06 .06 .07 .07 .08 .08 .09 ––––––– Defined benefit ............................... –––––––––– .24.19.18.19.18.16 Defined contribution ........................ –––––––––– .23.26.28.30.34.39 Legally required benefits .................... .99 1.01 1.08 1.14 1.21 1.26 1.33 1.40 1.44 1.43 1.44 1.46 1.48 1.51 1.54 1.60 Social Security 4.............................. .68 .69 .75 .77 .84 .86 .90 .93 .95 .96 .99 1.03 1.07 1.10 1.15 1.21 OASDI ........................................ –––––––––– .79.82.86.89.92.97 Medicare ..................................... –––––––––– .20.20.21.22.23.24 Federal unemployment insurance .. .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 State unemployment insurance ...... .10 .10 .09 .09 .08 .08 .09 .10 .11 .11 .11 .11 .10 .09 .09 .09 Workers' compensation .................. .15 .16 .18 .21 .23 .25 .28 .31 .32 .30 .31 .30 .28 .28 .27 .27 Other benefits 6................................... 5() 5() 5() 5() 5() 5() 5() 5( ) .02 5() 5() 5() 5( ) .02 5() 5() Percent of total compensation by year 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ 74.6 74.8 74.3 74.5 74.0 74.0 73.5 73.1 73.1 73.5 73.7 74.3 74.4 74.4 74.5 74.4 Total benefits .......................................... 25.4 25.2 25.7 25.5 26.0 26.0 26.5 26.9 26.9 26.5 26.3 25.7 25.5 25.5 25.5 25.6 Paid leave ........................................... 7.0 7.0 7.1 7.0 6.9 6.8 6.7 6.5 6.4 6.3 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.4 6.6 Vacation .......................................... 3.4 3.4 3.5 3.4 3.3 3.3 3.2 3.1 3.1 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.2 3.2 Holiday ............................................ 2.3 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.2 Sick ................................................. 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 .9 .9 .9 .8 .8 .8 .9 .9 Other ............................................... .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 Supplemental pay ............................... 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.8 2.0 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.5 2.7 2.6 2.5 2.4 Premium 2....................................... .8 .7 .8 .7 .7 .8 .8 .8 .7 .7 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 Shift differential ............................... .2 .2 .2 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .2 .2 .2 .2 .3 Nonproduction bonuses .................. .7 .9 .9 .8 1.0 .8 .9 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.5 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.5 Insurance ............................................ 5.1 4.8 5.0 5.2 5.6 6.0 6.3 6.5 6.5 6.2 5.9 5.5 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.6 Life .................................................. ––––– .3.3.3.2.2.2.2.2.2.2.2 Health ............................................. ––––– 5.55.86.06.05.75.44.94.94.94.95.1 Short-term disability 3...................... ––––– .2.2.3.2.2.2.2.2.2.2.2 Long-term disability ........................ –––––––––– .1.1.1.1.2.2 Retirement and savings ...................... 3.5 3.3 3.0 2.7 2.8 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.6 2.6 2.9 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.8 Pensions ......................................... – 2.9 2.6 2.3 2.2 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 ––––––– Savings and thrift ............................ – .4 .4 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .6 ––––––– Defined benefit ............................... –––––––––– 1.51.11.01.11.0.8 Defined contribution ........................ –––––––––– 1.41.61.61.71.82.0 Legally required benefits .................... 8.1 8.1 8.5 8.7 8.7 8.8 8.9 9.0 9.1 9.0 8.8 8.7 8.5 8.5 8.2 8.1 Social Security 4.............................. 5.6 5.6 5.9 5.9 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.2 6.2 6.1 6.1 OASDI ........................................ –––––––––– 4.94.95.05.04.94.9 Medicare ..................................... –––––––––– 1.21.21.21.21.21.2 Federal unemployment insurance .. .2 .3 .3 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 State unemployment insurance ...... .8 .8 .7 .7 .6 .6 .6 .7 .7 .7 .6 .6 .6 .5 .5 .5 Workers' compensation .................. 1.2 1.3 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.6 1.6 1.4 1.4 Other benefits 6................................... 7() 7() 7() 7() 7() 7() 7() 7() .1 7() 7() 7() 7() .1 7() 7() 1Includes transportation, communication, and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and service industries.

2Includes premium pay for work in addition to the regular work schedule (such as overtime, weekends, and holidays).

3Short-term disability includes all insured, self-insured, and state-mandated plans that provide benefits for each disability, including unfunded plans.

4The total employer's cost for Social Security is comprised of an OASDI portion and a Medicare portion. OASDI is the acronym for Old-Age, Survivors, and DisabilityInsurance. 5Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.6Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.7Less than .05 percent.

– Data not available.

Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 17 - Table 3. Private industry workers, by occupational and industry group: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1986-2001 -- Continued Manufacturing industries Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... $15.30 $15.51 $16.26 $17.16 $17.33 $18.22 $19.20 $20.09 $20.72 $20.47 $20.99 $21.84 $22.29 $22.77 $23.41 $24.30 Wages and salaries ................................ 10.60 10.77 11.18 11.71 11.86 12.40 12.93 13.35 13.69 13.72 14.13 14.79 15.22 15.66 16.01 16.66 Total benefits .......................................... 4.69 4.73 5.07 5.45 5.47 5.81 6.26 6.74 7.03 6.74 6.86 7.05 7.07 7.11 7.40 7.64 Paid leave ........................................... 1.21 1.21 1.25 1.33 1.31 1.38 1.47 1.52 1.55 1.54 1.60 1.66 1.68 1.73 1.74 1.85 Vacation .......................................... .61 .61 .63 .68 .67 .71 .75 .78 .79 .80 .83 .85 .86 .89 .86 .92 Holiday ............................................ .45 .45 .47 .49 .48 .50 .54 .56 .57 .57 .58 .61 .62 .64 .65 .68 Sick ................................................. .11 .11 .11 .12 .12 .12 .12 .13 .13 .12 .12 .12 .13 .13 .13 .15 Other ............................................... .04 .04 .04 .04 .05 .05 .06 .06 .06 .05 .06 .07 .07 .07 .10 .10 Supplemental pay ............................... .50 .52 .58 .65 .65 .67 .67 .71 .72 .80 .88 .88 .91 .89 1.04 1.09 Premium 1....................................... .32 .34 .36 .40 .34 .36 .37 .39 .40 .40 .42 .45 .48 .50 .58 .58 Shift differential ............................... .08 .08 .09 .10 .09 .09 .10 .10 .10 .09 .09 .09 .09 .10 .10 .11 Nonproduction bonuses .................. .10 .10 .13 .15 .22 .21 .20 .23 .22 .30 .37 .33 .34 .29 .36 .41 Insurance ............................................ 1.05 1.06 1.20 1.40 1.37 1.51 1.70 1.86 1.96 1.72 1.72 1.70 1.70 1.74 1.85 1.93 Life .................................................. ––––– .07.07.08.08.06.06.07.06.06.06.07 Health ............................................. –––––1.37 1.55 1.69 1.79 1.58 1.56 1.55 1.54 1.58 1.69 1.75 Short-term disability 2...................... ––––– .07.08.09.09.07.07.07.07.07.07.08 Long-term disability ........................ –––––––––– .02.02.02.03.03.04 Retirement and savings ...................... .61 .58 .57 .54 .56 .60 .65 .72 .81 .75 .71 .79 .76 .75 .75 .75 Pensions ......................................... – .49 .46 .41 .42 .44 .49 .55 .63 ––––––– Savings and thrift ............................ – .09 .11 .13 .14 .16 .16 .17 .17 ––––––– Defined benefit ............................... –––––––––– .42.44.40.38.34.29 Defined contribution ........................ –––––––––– .29.35.36.38.41.46 Legally required benefits .................... 1.28 1.31 1.43 1.48 1.54 1.62 1.71 1.79 1.87 1.86 1.86 1.94 1.93 1.93 1.92 1.95 Social Security 3.............................. .85 .87 .95 1.00 1.02 1.08 1.13 1.16 1.20 1.21 1.22 1.27 1.30 1.34 1.38 1.42 OASDI ........................................ –––––––––– .981.03 1.05 1.08 1.11 1.15 Medicare ..................................... –––––––––– .24.25.25.26.27.28 Federal unemployment insurance .. .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 State unemployment insurance ...... .18 .17 .18 .15 .12 .11 .12 .14 .16 .14 .13 .13 .12 .11 .11 .10 Workers' compensation .................. .22 .23 .26 .29 .36 .39 .42 .44 .48 .48 .48 .51 .48 .44 .40 .40 Other benefits 4................................... .04 .04 .05 .05 .04 .04 .06 .14 .12 .09 .08 .08 .08 .08 .09 .07 Percent of total compensation by year 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ 69.3 69.5 68.8 68.2 68.4 68.1 67.4 66.4 66.1 67.0 67.3 67.7 68.3 68.8 68.4 68.6 Total benefits .......................................... 30.7 30.5 31.2 31.8 31.6 31.9 32.6 33.6 33.9 33.0 32.7 32.3 31.7 31.2 31.6 31.4 Paid leave ........................................... 7.9 7.8 7.7 7.7 7.6 7.6 7.7 7.6 7.5 7.5 7.6 7.6 7.5 7.6 7.4 7.6 Vacation .......................................... 4.0 4.0 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.8 3.9 4.0 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.7 3.8 Holiday ............................................ 3.0 2.9 2.9 2.8 2.7 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.7 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 Sick ................................................. .7 .7 .7 .7 .7 .7 .6 .6 .6 .6 .6 .6 .6 .6 .6 .6 Other ............................................... .2 .2 .2 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .2 .3 .3 .3 .3 .4 .4 Supplemental pay ............................... 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.8 3.7 3.7 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.9 4.2 4.0 4.1 3.9 4.4 4.5 Premium 1....................................... 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.0 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.9 2.0 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.5 2.4 Shift differential ............................... .5 .5 .5 .6 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .5 Nonproduction bonuses .................. .7 .7 .8 .9 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.5 1.8 1.5 1.5 1.3 1.5 1.7 Insurance ............................................ 6.8 6.8 7.4 8.1 7.9 8.3 8.9 9.3 9.5 8.4 8.2 7.8 7.6 7.6 7.9 7.9 Life .................................................. ––––– .4.4.4.4.3.3.3.3.3.3.3 Health ............................................. ––––– 7.58.18.48.67.77.57.16.96.97.27.2 Short-term disability 2...................... ––––– .4.4.4.4.4.3.3.3.3.3.3 Long-term disability ........................ –––––––––– .1.1.1.1.1.2 Retirement and savings ...................... 4.0 3.8 3.5 3.2 3.3 3.3 3.4 3.6 3.9 3.7 3.4 3.6 3.4 3.3 3.2 3.1 Pensions ......................................... – 3.2 2.8 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.6 2.7 3.1 ––––––– Savings and thrift ............................ – .6 .7 .8 .8 .9 .8 .9 .8 ––––––– Defined benefit ............................... –––––––––– 2.02.01.81.71.51.2 Defined contribution ........................ –––––––––– 1.41.61.61.71.81.9 Legally required benefits .................... 8.4 8.5 8.8 8.6 8.9 8.9 8.9 8.9 9.0 9.1 8.9 8.9 8.7 8.5 8.2 8.0 Social Security 3.............................. 5.6 5.6 5.9 5.9 5.9 5.9 5.9 5.8 5.8 5.9 5.8 5.8 5.8 5.9 5.9 5.8 OASDI ........................................ –––––––––– 4.74.74.74.74.74.7 Medicare ..................................... –––––––––– 1.11.11.11.11.21.2 Federal unemployment insurance .. .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 State unemployment insurance ...... 1.2 1.1 1.1 .9 .7 .6 .6 .7 .8 .7 .6 .6 .5 .5 .5 .4 Workers' compensation .................. 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.4 2.2 1.9 1.7 1.6 Other benefits 4................................... .3 .3 .3 .3 .2 .2 .3 .7 .6 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .3 1Includes premium pay for work in addition to the regular work schedule (such as overtime, weekends, and holidays).

2Short-term disability includes all insured, self-insured, and state-mandated plans that provide benefits for each disability, including unfunded plans.

3The total employer's cost for Social Security is comprised of an OASDI portion and a Medicare portion. OASDI is the acronym for Old-Age, Survivors, and DisabilityInsurance. 4Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.

– Data not available.

Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 18 - Table 3. Private industry workers, by occupational and industry group: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1986-2001 -- Continued Nonmanufacturing industries 1 Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... $12.62 $12.80 $13.08 $13.46 $14.32 $14.67 $15.34 $15.85 $16.19 $16.29 $16.69 $17.10 $17.66 $18.20 $19.12 $20.12 Wages and salaries ................................ 9.38 9.55 9.69 10.00 10.56 10.81 11.23 11.54 11.76 11.89 12.23 12.64 13.09 13.49 14.18 14.89 Total benefits .......................................... 3.24 3.26 3.39 3.46 3.76 3.86 4.11 4.31 4.43 4.39 4.46 4.46 4.57 4.71 4.94 5.23 Paid leave ........................................... .84 .85 .89 .91 .95 .96 1.00 1.00 1.00 .98 1.00 1.02 1.05 1.09 1.18 1.28 Vacation .......................................... .41 .42 .44 .45 .47 .47 .48 .48 .48 .47 .49 .50 .51 .53 .58 .63 Holiday ............................................ .28 .27 .29 .30 .31 .31 .32 .33 .33 .33 .33 .34 .35 .37 .40 .43 Sick ................................................. .11 .12 .12 .13 .13 .13 .14 .14 .14 .14 .14 .13 .14 .14 .15 .17 Other ............................................... .03 .03 .04 .04 .04 .04 .05 .05 .05 .04 .05 .04 .05 .04 .05 .05 Supplemental pay ............................... .24 .25 .26 .25 .29 .28 .31 .35 .38 .39 .40 .43 .48 .48 .51 .52 Premium 2....................................... .11 .11 .11 .11 .12 .13 .13 .14 .14 .14 .15 .15 .16 .17 .17 .17 Shift differential ............................... .03 .02 .03 .03 .03 .04 .04 .04 .04 .05 .05 .04 .04 .04 .04 .04 Nonproduction bonuses .................. .10 .12 .11 .11 .14 .11 .14 .18 .19 .21 .21 .24 .28 .28 .30 .31 Insurance ............................................ .64 .62 .66 .70 .80 .88 .96 1.03 1.06 1.02 1.00 .95 .97 1.01 1.06 1.15 Life .................................................. ––––– .04.04.04.04.04.04.04.04.04.04.04 Health ............................................. ––––– .80.88.95.98.94.92.86.88.91.961.05 Short-term disability 3...................... ––––– .03.04.04.04.04.03.03.03.03.03.03 Long-term disability ........................ –––––––––– .02.02.02.02.03.03 Retirement and savings ...................... .46 .45 .42 .39 .42 .40 .41 .43 .45 .46 .51 .49 .50 .53 .56 .59 Pensions ......................................... – .40 .36 .32 .34 .32 .33 .34 .35 ––––––– Savings and thrift ............................ – .05 .06 .07 .08 .08 .08 .09 .09 ––––––– Defined benefit ............................... –––––––––– .27.22.21.22.21.20 Defined contribution ........................ –––––––––– .24.27.29.31.35.39 Legally required benefits .................... 1.05 1.08 1.16 1.21 1.29 1.34 1.41 1.49 1.53 1.53 1.53 1.55 1.56 1.59 1.62 1.68 Social Security 4.............................. .70 .71 .76 .79 .86 .88 .92 .95 .97 .98 1.01 1.04 1.08 1.12 1.17 1.23 OASDI ........................................ –––––––––– .81.83.87.90.94.99 Medicare ..................................... –––––––––– .20.21.21.22.23.24 Federal unemployment insurance .. .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 State unemployment insurance ...... .11 .10 .10 .10 .09 .09 .09 .11 .12 .12 .11 .11 .11 .10 .10 .09 Workers' compensation .................. .19 .20 .23 .26 .29 .31 .34 .38 .39 .37 .38 .36 .33 .34 .32 .32 Other benefits 6................................... 5() 5() 5() 5() 5() 5() 5( ) .02 .02 .02 5() 5() 5( ) .02 5() 5() Percent of total compensation by year 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ 74.3 74.6 74.1 74.3 73.7 73.7 73.2 72.8 72.6 73.0 73.3 73.9 74.1 74.1 74.2 74.0 Total benefits .......................................... 25.7 25.4 25.9 25.7 26.3 26.3 26.8 27.2 27.4 27.0 26.7 26.1 25.9 25.9 25.8 26.0 Paid leave ........................................... 6.6 6.6 6.8 6.8 6.6 6.6 6.5 6.3 6.2 6.0 6.0 6.0 5.9 6.0 6.2 6.4 Vacation .......................................... 3.3 3.3 3.4 3.3 3.3 3.2 3.1 3.0 3.0 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9 3.0 3.1 Holiday ............................................ 2.2 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.1 2.1 Sick ................................................. .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 Other ............................................... .2 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .2 .3 .2 Supplemental pay ............................... 1.9 2.0 2.0 1.8 2.0 1.9 2.0 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.4 2.5 2.7 2.6 2.7 2.6 Premium 2....................................... .9 .8 .9 .8 .8 .9 .9 .9 .8 .8 .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 .8 Shift differential ............................... .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 Nonproduction bonuses .................. .8 1.0 .9 .8 1.0 .8 .9 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.5 Insurance ............................................ 5.0 4.8 5.0 5.2 5.6 6.0 6.3 6.5 6.5 6.2 6.0 5.6 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.7 Life .................................................. ––––– .3.3.3.2.2.2.2.2.2.2.2 Health ............................................. ––––– 5.55.86.06.05.85.55.05.05.05.05.2 Short-term disability 3...................... ––––– .2.2.3.2.2.2.2.2.2.2.1 Long-term disability ........................ –––––––––– .1.1.1.1.2.1 Retirement and savings ...................... 3.7 3.5 3.2 2.9 2.9 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.8 2.8 3.0 2.9 2.8 2.9 2.9 2.9 Pensions ......................................... – 3.1 2.7 2.4 2.4 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.2 ––––––– Savings and thrift ............................ – .4 .4 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .6 ––––––– Defined benefit ............................... –––––––––– 1.61.31.21.21.11.0 Defined contribution ........................ –––––––––– 1.41.61.61.71.81.9 Legally required benefits .................... 8.4 8.4 8.9 9.0 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.4 9.5 9.4 9.2 9.1 8.8 8.7 8.5 8.3 Social Security 4.............................. 5.6 5.6 5.8 5.9 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.1 6.1 6.2 6.1 6.1 OASDI ........................................ –––––––––– 4.84.94.94.94.94.9 Medicare ..................................... –––––––––– 1.21.21.21.21.21.2 Federal unemployment insurance .. .2 .2 .3 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .1 State unemployment insurance ...... .9 .8 .8 .7 .6 .6 .6 .7 .7 .7 .7 .7 .6 .5 .5 .4 Workers' compensation .................. 1.5 1.6 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.4 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.1 1.9 1.9 1.7 1.6 Other benefits 6................................... 7() 7() 7() 7() 7() 7() 7( ) .1 .1 .1 7() 7() 7() .1 7() 7() 1Includes all industries except manufacturing.2Includes premium pay for work in addition to the regular work schedule (such as overtime, weekends, and holidays).

3Short-term disability includes all insured, self-insured, and state-mandated plans that provide benefits for each disability, including unfunded plans.

– Data not available.

Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 19 - Table 4. Private industry workers, by major geographic region: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1988-2001 Northeast Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... $15.50 $16.18 $17.02 $17.56 $18.84 $19.44 $20.03 $20.09 $20.57 $20.27 $20.38 $20.94 $22.67 $23.91 Wages and salaries ................................ 11.19 11.69 12.27 12.65 13.41 13.78 14.13 14.25 14.58 14.52 14.70 15.08 16.37 17.22 Total benefits .......................................... 4.31 4.48 4.75 4.91 5.43 5.66 5.90 5.84 5.98 5.75 5.68 5.86 6.30 6.69 Paid leave ........................................... 1.18 1.26 1.28 1.31 1.42 1.40 1.43 1.40 1.45 1.43 1.40 1.44 1.64 1.73 Vacation .......................................... .57 .59 .60 .61 .67 .66 .68 .67 .69 .68 .67 .69 .81 .86 Holiday ............................................ .40 .42 .42 .44 .47 .48 .49 .48 .49 .49 .49 .50 .55 .58 Sick ................................................. .16 .18 .18 .19 .21 .20 .19 .19 .20 .19 .19 .19 .20 .22 Other ............................................... .06 .07 .07 .07 .08 .07 .07 .07 .07 .06 .06 .06 .07 .07 Supplemental pay ............................... .38 .38 .39 .39 .43 .50 .53 .57 .61 .53 .58 .63 .71 .78 Premium 1....................................... .17 .18 .17 .18 .18 .18 .19 .18 .19 .20 .20 .21 .19 .21 Shift differential ............................... .05 .06 .06 .06 .07 .06 .06 .06 .06 .05 .05 .05 .05 .06 Nonproduction bonuses .................. .16 .14 .16 .15 .18 .26 .28 .33 .36 .28 .33 .38 .46 .52 Insurance ............................................ .86 .98 1.07 1.18 1.36 1.42 1.48 1.39 1.42 1.30 1.28 1.33 1.40 1.50 Life .................................................. – – – .05 .06 .06 .06 .05 .05 .05 .05 .05 .05 .05 Health ............................................. – – – 1.08 1.25 1.31 1.37 1.29 1.28 1.17 1.15 1.19 1.27 1.37 Short-term disability 2...................... – – – .04 .05 .05 .05 .05 .06 .05 .06 .05 .05 .05 Long-term disability ........................–––––––– .02.02.02.03.03.03 Retirement and savings ...................... .55 .49 .54 .50 .55 .58 .61 .62 .63 .63 .60 .63 .67 .74 Pensions ......................................... .46 .40 .45 .41 .46 .48 .49 – –––––– Savings and thrift ............................ .08 .09 .10 .09 .09 .11 .12 – –––––– Defined benefit ...............................–––––––– .30.29.24.26.25.24 Defined contribution ........................–––––––– .33.34.35.37.42.50 Legally required benefits .................... 1.33 1.36 1.45 1.52 1.65 1.73 1.83 1.82 1.85 1.84 1.80 1.81 1.85 1.90 Social Security 3.............................. .88 .93 1.00 1.04 1.09 1.12 1.16 1.17 1.20 1.20 1.21 1.25 1.32 1.41 OASDI ........................................–––––––– .96.96.971.00 1.05 1.13 Medicare .....................................–––––––– .24.24.24.25.27.28 Federal unemployment insurance .. .04 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 State unemployment insurance ...... .13 .12 .10 .11 .12 .16 .18 .18 .18 .18 .17 .16 .16 .14 Workers' compensation .................. .24 .25 .28 .31 .36 .39 .42 .41 .44 .42 .38 .37 .34 .32 Other benefits 5................................... .02 .02 4( ) .02 .02 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 Percent of total compensation by year 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ 72.2 72.3 72.1 72.1 71.2 70.9 70.5 70.9 70.9 71.6 72.1 72.0 72.2 72.0 Total benefits .......................................... 27.8 27.7 27.9 27.9 28.8 29.1 29.5 29.1 29.1 28.4 27.9 28.0 27.8 28.0 Paid leave ........................................... 7.6 7.8 7.5 7.4 7.6 7.2 7.1 7.0 7.1 7.1 6.9 6.9 7.2 7.2 Vacation .......................................... 3.6 3.7 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.4 3.4 3.3 3.3 3.4 3.3 3.3 3.6 3.6 Holiday ............................................ 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 Sick ................................................. 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.0 .9 .9 1.0 .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 Other ............................................... .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 Supplemental pay ............................... 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.3 2.6 2.6 2.8 3.0 2.6 2.8 3.0 3.1 3.3 Premium 1....................................... 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.0 .9 .9 .9 .9 1.0 1.0 1.0 .8 .9 Shift differential ............................... .3 .4 .4 .4 .4 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .2 .2 .2 .3 Nonproduction bonuses .................. 1.0 .8 .9 .8 1.0 1.3 1.4 1.6 1.7 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.2 Insurance ............................................ 5.5 6.1 6.3 6.7 7.2 7.3 7.4 6.9 6.9 6.4 6.3 6.4 6.2 6.3 Life .................................................. – – – .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .2 .2 .2 .2 Health ............................................. – – – 6.2 6.6 6.7 6.9 6.4 6.2 5.8 5.6 5.7 5.6 5.7 Short-term disability 2...................... – – – .2 .3 .3 .3 .2 .3 .3 .3 .2 .2 .2 Long-term disability ........................–––––––– .1.1.1.1.1.1 Retirement and savings ...................... 3.5 3.0 3.2 2.8 2.9 3.0 3.0 3.1 3.1 3.1 2.9 3.0 3.0 3.1 Pensions ......................................... 3.0 2.5 2.6 2.3 2.4 2.4 2.5 – –––––– Savings and thrift ............................ .5 .5 .6 .5 .5 .6 .6 – –––––– Defined benefit ...............................–––––––– 1.51.41.21.21.11.0 Defined contribution ........................–––––––– 1.61.71.71.81.92.1 Legally required benefits .................... 8.6 8.4 8.5 8.7 8.8 8.9 9.1 9.1 9.0 9.1 8.8 8.6 8.2 7.9 Social Security 3.............................. 5.7 5.8 5.9 5.9 5.8 5.8 5.8 5.8 5.8 5.9 5.9 6.0 5.8 5.9 OASDI ........................................–––––––– 4.74.74.84.84.64.7 Medicare .....................................–––––––– 1.21.21.21.21.21.2 Federal unemployment insurance .. .3 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .1 .1 .1 .1 State unemployment insurance ...... .8 .7 .6 .6 .6 .8 .9 .9 .9 .9 .8 .8 .7 .6 Workers' compensation .................. 1.5 1.5 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.0 2.1 2.1 1.9 1.8 1.5 1.3 Other benefits 5................................... .1 .1 6( ) .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 1Includes premium pay for work in addition to the regular work schedule (such as overtime, weekends, and holidays).

2Short-term disability includes all insured, self-insured, and state-mandated plans that provide benefits for each disability, including unfunded plans.

– Data not available.

Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 20 - Table 4. Private industry workers, by major geographic region: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1988-2001 -- Continued South Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... $12.23 $12.53 $13.22 $13.68 $14.52 $14.81 $15.05 $15.31 $15.62 $15.79 $16.45 $16.97 $17.81 $18.59 Wages and salaries ................................ 9.06 9.24 9.73 10.03 10.58 10.74 10.85 11.04 11.36 11.61 12.14 12.55 13.09 13.71 Total benefits .......................................... 3.17 3.29 3.49 3.65 3.94 4.07 4.20 4.27 4.26 4.18 4.31 4.42 4.72 4.89 Paid leave ........................................... .80 .82 .85 .87 .94 .94 .94 .93 .93 .92 .97 1.01 1.08 1.17 Vacation .......................................... .40 .41 .43 .44 .47 .47 .46 .46 .47 .47 .49 .51 .54 .58 Holiday ............................................ .27 .28 .29 .29 .31 .32 .32 .31 .32 .31 .33 .34 .37 .40 Sick ................................................. .10 .10 .10 .10 .11 .11 .12 .11 .11 .11 .12 .12 .13 .14 Other ............................................... .03 .03 .04 .04 .04 .04 .04 .04 .04 .04 .04 .04 .05 .05 Supplemental pay ............................... .27 .28 .30 .30 .32 .33 .36 .42 .38 .38 .42 .43 .53 .48 Premium 1....................................... .15 .16 .15 .16 .17 .17 .17 .19 .18 .19 .21 .21 .22 .22 Shift differential ............................... .03 .04 .04 .04 .04 .04 .04 .04 .04 .04 .03 .03 .04 .04 Nonproduction bonuses .................. .09 .09 .12 .10 .11 .12 .15 .19 .16 .16 .18 .18 .27 .22 Insurance ............................................ .64 .71 .77 .83 .94 .99 1.04 1.01 1.01 .95 .96 .98 1.06 1.16 Life .................................................. – – – .04 .04 .04 .04 .04 .04 .04 .04 .04 .04 .04 Health ............................................. – – – .76 .86 .91 .95 .92 .92 .86 .87 .89 .96 1.05 Short-term disability 2...................... – – – .03 .04 .04 .05 .04 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 Long-term disability ........................–––––––– .02.02.02.03.03.03 Retirement and savings ...................... .37 .35 .34 .35 .38 .41 .42 .46 .50 .46 .48 .48 .51 .51 Pensions ......................................... .31 .26 .25 .25 .29 .31 .32 – –––––– Savings and thrift ............................ .07 .09 .09 .10 .10 .10 .10 – –––––– Defined benefit ...............................–––––––– .27.22.22.20.18.16 Defined contribution ........................–––––––– .23.24.26.29.33.34 Legally required benefits .................... 1.08 1.13 1.22 1.28 1.34 1.38 1.42 1.44 1.42 1.46 1.46 1.49 1.53 1.55 Social Security 3.............................. .73 .75 .81 .84 .88 .89 .91 .93 .94 .97 1.02 1.06 1.10 1.15 OASDI ........................................–––––––– .76.78.82.85.89.93 Medicare .....................................–––––––– .19.19.20.20.22.22 Federal unemployment insurance .. .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 State unemployment insurance ...... .09 .09 .07 .07 .08 .08 .09 .08 .07 .07 .06 .06 .06 .06 Workers' compensation .................. .22 .24 .29 .33 .34 .36 .38 .38 .37 .38 .34 .34 .33 .31 Other benefits 5................................... 4() 4() 4() 4( ) .02 .02 .02 .02 .02 .02 .02 .02 .02 .02 Percent of total compensation by year 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ 74.1 73.7 73.6 73.3 72.8 72.5 72.1 72.1 72.7 73.5 73.8 74.0 73.5 73.7 Total benefits .......................................... 25.9 26.3 26.4 26.7 27.2 27.5 27.9 27.9 27.3 26.5 26.2 26.0 26.5 26.3 Paid leave ........................................... 6.6 6.5 6.4 6.4 6.5 6.4 6.3 6.1 6.0 5.8 5.9 6.0 6.1 6.3 Vacation .......................................... 3.3 3.3 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.1 3.0 3.0 2.9 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.1 Holiday ............................................ 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.2 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.1 2.2 Sick ................................................. .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .7 .7 .7 .7 .7 .7 .8 Other ............................................... .2 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .2 .2 .2 .3 .3 Supplemental pay ............................... 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.4 2.7 2.4 2.4 2.6 2.5 3.0 2.6 Premium 1....................................... 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.2 Shift differential ............................... .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 Nonproduction bonuses .................. .7 .7 .9 .7 .8 .8 1.0 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.5 1.2 Insurance ............................................ 5.2 5.6 5.8 6.1 6.5 6.7 6.9 6.6 6.5 6.0 5.8 5.8 6.0 6.2 Life .................................................. – – – .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .2 .2 .2 .2 Health ............................................. – – – 5.5 5.9 6.1 6.3 6.0 5.9 5.4 5.3 5.2 5.4 5.6 Short-term disability 2...................... – – – .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 Long-term disability ........................–––––––– .1.1.1.2.2.2 Retirement and savings ...................... 3.0 2.8 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.7 2.8 3.0 3.2 2.9 2.9 2.8 2.9 2.7 Pensions ......................................... 2.5 2.1 1.9 1.8 2.0 2.1 2.2 – –––––– Savings and thrift ............................ .5 .7 .7 .8 .7 .7 .7 – –––––– Defined benefit ...............................–––––––– 1.71.41.31.21.0.9 Defined contribution ........................–––––––– 1.51.51.61.71.91.8 Legally required benefits .................... 8.8 9.0 9.2 9.4 9.3 9.3 9.4 9.4 9.1 9.2 8.9 8.8 8.6 8.3 Social Security 3.............................. 6.0 6.0 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.0 6.0 6.1 6.0 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.2 OASDI ........................................–––––––– 4.95.05.05.05.05.0 Medicare .....................................–––––––– 1.21.21.21.21.21.2 Federal unemployment insurance .. .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 State unemployment insurance ...... .7 .7 .5 .5 .5 .6 .6 .5 .5 .4 .4 .4 .3 .3 Workers' compensation .................. 1.8 1.9 2.2 2.4 2.3 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.4 2.4 2.1 2.0 1.9 1.7 Other benefits 5................................... 6() 6() 6() 6( ) .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 1Includes premium pay for work in addition to the regular work schedule (such as overtime, weekends, and holidays).

2Short-term disability includes all insured, self-insured, and state-mandated plans that provide benefits for each disability, including unfunded plans.

– Data not available.

Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 21 - Table 4. Private industry workers, by major geographic region: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1988-2001 -- Continued Midwest Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... $13.71 $14.28 $14.62 $15.05 $15.47 $15.93 $16.26 $15.89 $16.30 $17.33 $18.15 $18.36 $19.22 $20.47 Wages and salaries ................................ 9.75 10.16 10.38 10.70 10.93 11.09 11.34 11.24 11.59 12.33 12.99 13.21 13.91 14.69 Total benefits .......................................... 3.96 4.12 4.24 4.35 4.54 4.84 4.91 4.65 4.71 5.00 5.16 5.15 5.32 5.78 Paid leave ........................................... .98 1.00 1.00 1.03 1.01 1.04 1.03 .99 1.02 1.08 1.13 1.14 1.19 1.33 Vacation .......................................... .51 .53 .53 .55 .51 .52 .52 .50 .52 .56 .58 .58 .59 .66 Holiday ............................................ .33 .33 .33 .34 .35 .36 .36 .35 .35 .37 .39 .40 .41 .46 Sick ................................................. .10 .10 .10 .10 .11 .12 .11 .11 .11 .10 .11 .11 .12 .15 Other ............................................... .03 .03 .04 .04 .04 .04 .04 .04 .04 .04 .05 .05 .06 .07 Supplemental pay ............................... .39 .41 .45 .40 .43 .48 .46 .47 .51 .67 .70 .62 .64 .75 Premium 1....................................... .22 .22 .19 .20 .20 .21 .21 .21 .23 .26 .27 .28 .31 .30 Shift differential ............................... .05 .05 .05 .05 .05 .06 .06 .06 .07 .06 .06 .06 .07 .08 Nonproduction bonuses .................. .13 .14 .20 .15 .18 .21 .19 .20 .22 .36 .36 .28 .27 .37 Insurance ............................................ .87 .94 .97 1.05 1.15 1.26 1.29 1.15 1.12 1.12 1.14 1.18 1.23 1.35 Life .................................................. – – – .05 .05 .05 .05 .04 .04 .05 .05 .05 .05 .05 Health ............................................. – – – .95 1.05 1.15 1.19 1.06 1.03 1.02 1.04 1.07 1.12 1.22 Short-term disability 2...................... – – – .06 .06 .06 .05 .05 .03 .04 .04 .04 .04 .04 Long-term disability ........................–––––––– .02.02.02.02.02.03 Retirement and savings ...................... .46 .45 .48 .49 .49 .49 .55 .49 .55 .58 .60 .62 .61 .63 Pensions ......................................... .40 .38 .41 .41 .40 .40 .46 – –––––– Savings and thrift ............................ .06 .07 .07 .08 .09 .09 .09 – –––––– Defined benefit ...............................–––––––– .32.29.29.29.27.27 Defined contribution ........................–––––––– .22.29.31.33.34.37 Legally required benefits .................... 1.22 1.28 1.32 1.35 1.42 1.50 1.53 1.50 1.48 1.51 1.55 1.56 1.60 1.69 Social Security 3.............................. .81 .84 .87 .90 .93 .95 .97 .96 .98 1.04 1.10 1.12 1.17 1.24 OASDI ........................................–––––––– .79.84.88.90.94.99 Medicare .....................................–––––––– .19.20.21.22.23.24 Federal unemployment insurance .. .03 .03 .03 .03 .04 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 State unemployment insurance ...... .14 .13 .11 .10 .11 .12 .12 .12 .11 .10 .10 .09 .09 .08 Workers' compensation .................. .20 .24 .28 .29 .32 .37 .38 .36 .36 .34 .32 .32 .31 .34 Other benefits 4................................... .04 .04 .02 .02 .03 .08 .06 .04 .03 .04 .04 .04 .04 .03 Percent of total compensation by year 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ 71.1 71.2 71.0 71.1 70.6 69.6 69.8 70.8 71.1 71.1 71.6 71.9 72.4 71.8 Total benefits .......................................... 28.9 28.8 29.0 28.9 29.4 30.4 30.2 29.2 28.9 28.9 28.4 28.1 27.7 28.2 Paid leave ........................................... 7.1 7.0 6.9 6.9 6.5 6.6 6.4 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.5 Vacation .......................................... 3.7 3.7 3.6 3.6 3.3 3.3 3.2 3.1 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.1 3.2 Holiday ............................................ 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.2 2.1 2.2 Sick ................................................. .7 .7 .7 .7 .7 .7 .7 .7 .6 .6 .6 .6 .6 .7 Other ............................................... .2 .2 .2 .3 .3 .3 .3 .2 .2 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 Supplemental pay ............................... 2.8 2.9 3.0 2.7 2.8 3.0 2.8 2.9 3.2 3.9 3.9 3.4 3.3 3.7 Premium 1....................................... 1.6 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.5 Shift differential ............................... .3 .4 .3 .4 .3 .4 .4 .4 .4 .3 .3 .3 .4 .4 Nonproduction bonuses .................. .9 1.0 1.4 1.0 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.3 2.1 2.0 1.5 1.4 1.8 Insurance ............................................ 6.4 6.6 6.6 7.0 7.4 7.9 7.9 7.3 6.9 6.5 6.3 6.4 6.4 6.6 Life .................................................. – – – .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .2 Health ............................................. – – – 6.3 6.8 7.2 7.3 6.7 6.3 5.9 5.7 5.8 5.8 6.0 Short-term disability 2...................... – – – .4 .4 .4 .3 .3 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 Long-term disability ........................–––––––– .1.1.1.1.1.1 Retirement and savings ...................... 3.3 3.1 3.3 3.3 3.2 3.1 3.4 3.1 3.3 3.4 3.3 3.4 3.2 3.1 Pensions ......................................... 2.9 2.7 2.8 2.7 2.6 2.5 2.8 – –––––– Savings and thrift ............................ .4 .5 .5 .6 .6 .6 .6 – –––––– Defined benefit ...............................–––––––– 2.01.71.61.61.41.3 Defined contribution ........................–––––––– 1.41.71.71.81.81.8 Legally required benefits .................... 8.9 9.0 9.0 9.0 9.2 9.4 9.4 9.4 9.1 8.7 8.5 8.5 8.3 8.3 Social Security 3.............................. 5.9 5.9 5.9 6.0 6.0 6.0 5.9 6.1 6.0 6.0 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.1 OASDI ........................................–––––––– 4.94.84.84.94.94.8 Medicare .....................................–––––––– 1.21.21.21.21.21.2 Federal unemployment insurance .. .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .1 State unemployment insurance ...... 1.0 .9 .7 .7 .7 .7 .8 .8 .7 .6 .6 .5 .5 .4 Workers' compensation .................. 1.5 1.7 1.9 1.9 2.1 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.0 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.7 Other benefits 4................................... .3 .3 .2 .1 .2 .5 .3 .3 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .1 1Includes premium pay for work in addition to the regular work schedule (such as overtime, weekends, and holidays).

2Short-term disability includes all insured, self-insured, and state-mandated plans that provide benefits for each disability, including unfunded plans.

3The total employer's cost for Social Security is comprised of an OASDI portion and a Medicare portion. OASDI is the acronym for Old-Age, Survivors,and Disability Insurance. 4Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.

– Data not available.

Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 22 - Table 4. Private industry workers, by major geographic region: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1988-2001 -- Continued West Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... $14.59 $14.98 $15.73 $15.97 $16.26 $17.43 $18.08 $18.35 $18.78 $19.68 $19.94 $20.74 $20.88 $21.86 Wages and salaries ................................ 10.69 11.02 11.48 11.62 11.82 12.55 13.01 13.39 13.72 14.57 14.75 15.36 15.45 16.19 Total benefits .......................................... 3.90 3.96 4.25 4.34 4.45 4.87 5.06 4.96 5.06 5.11 5.18 5.38 5.43 5.67 Paid leave ........................................... 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.04 1.05 1.09 1.12 1.14 1.18 1.23 1.23 1.29 1.33 1.41 Vacation .......................................... .49 .50 .50 .51 .51 .53 .55 .56 .58 .61 .60 .63 .64 .69 Holiday ............................................ .34 .35 .36 .36 .36 .37 .38 .39 .40 .42 .43 .45 .47 .49 Sick ................................................. .14 .14 .13 .13 .14 .15 .15 .15 .15 .15 .15 .16 .17 .19 Other ............................................... .03 .03 .03 .03 .04 .04 .04 .04 .05 .05 .05 .05 .05 .04 Supplemental pay ............................... .28 .29 .36 .35 .38 .42 .46 .45 .52 .49 .56 .56 .54 .52 Premium 1....................................... .15 .15 .16 .17 .18 .19 .19 .17 .19 .18 .19 .20 .21 .22 Shift differential ............................... .03 .04 .04 .04 .04 .05 .06 .06 .07 .05 .05 .04 .04 .04 Nonproduction bonuses .................. .10 .10 .16 .14 .15 .18 .21 .22 .27 .26 .33 .32 .29 .26 Insurance ............................................ .81 .83 .92 1.01 1.04 1.17 1.18 1.11 1.05 1.03 1.05 1.09 1.14 1.19 Life .................................................. – – – .04 .04 .05 .04 .04 .04 .04 .04 .04 .04 .04 Health ............................................. – – – .92 .96 1.08 1.10 1.03 .97 .95 .97 1.00 1.05 1.09 Short-term disability 2...................... – – – .04 .04 .04 .04 .04 .02 .02 .02 .02 .02 .03 Long-term disability ........................–––––––– .02.02.02.03.03.03 Retirement and savings ...................... .45 .44 .47 .45 .44 .49 .52 .51 .53 .54 .54 .58 .61 .66 Pensions ......................................... .38 .35 .37 .33 .32 .36 .39 – –––––– Savings and thrift ............................ .07 .08 .11 .11 .12 .13 .13 – –––––– Defined benefit ...............................–––––––– .29.24.23.25.25.21 Defined contribution ........................–––––––– .24.31.31.33.36.45 Legally required benefits .................... 1.35 1.40 1.46 1.49 1.53 1.66 1.72 1.72 1.75 1.80 1.78 1.84 1.79 1.87 Social Security 3.............................. .85 .87 .93 .96 .97 1.04 1.08 1.11 1.14 1.19 1.21 1.26 1.28 1.34 OASDI ........................................–––––––– .91.95.971.01 1.02 1.07 Medicare .....................................–––––––– .22.24.24.25.25.26 Federal unemployment insurance .. .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 State unemployment insurance ...... .12 .12 .10 .10 .10 .12 .13 .13 .13 .14 .13 .12 .12 .11 Workers' compensation .................. .34 .37 .40 .40 .43 .47 .48 .44 .45 .43 .41 .42 .37 .39 Other benefits 5................................... 4() 4() 4() 4() 4( ) .05 .07 .03 .03 .02 .02 .02 .02 4() Percent of total compensation by year 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ 73.2 73.6 73.0 72.8 72.7 72.0 72.0 73.0 73.1 74.0 74.0 74.1 74.0 74.1 Total benefits .......................................... 26.8 26.4 27.0 27.2 27.3 28.0 28.0 27.0 26.9 26.0 26.0 25.9 26.0 25.9 Paid leave ........................................... 6.9 6.7 6.5 6.5 6.4 6.3 6.2 6.2 6.3 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.4 6.5 Vacation .......................................... 3.4 3.3 3.2 3.2 3.1 3.1 3.0 3.0 3.1 3.1 3.0 3.0 3.1 3.2 Holiday ............................................ 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.2 Sick ................................................. .9 .9 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .9 Other ............................................... .2 .2 .2 .2 .3 .2 .2 .2 .3 .3 .3 .2 .2 .2 Supplemental pay ............................... 1.9 1.9 2.3 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.5 2.8 2.5 2.8 2.7 2.6 2.4 Premium 1....................................... 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.1 .9 1.0 .9 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 Shift differential ............................... .2 .3 .2 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .4 .2 .3 .2 .2 .2 Nonproduction bonuses .................. .7 .7 1.0 .9 .9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.4 1.3 1.7 1.5 1.4 1.2 Insurance ............................................ 5.5 5.5 5.8 6.3 6.4 6.7 6.5 6.0 5.6 5.2 5.3 5.3 5.5 5.4 Life .................................................. – – – .3 .3 .3 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 Health ............................................. – – – 5.8 5.9 6.2 6.1 5.6 5.2 4.8 4.9 4.8 5.0 5.0 Short-term disability 2...................... – – – .3 .2 .2 .2 .2 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 Long-term disability ........................–––––––– .1.1.1.1.1.1 Retirement and savings ...................... 3.1 2.9 3.0 2.8 2.7 2.8 2.9 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.0 Pensions ......................................... 2.6 2.3 2.3 2.1 2.0 2.1 2.1 – –––––– Savings and thrift ............................ .5 .6 .7 .7 .7 .7 .7 – –––––– Defined benefit ...............................–––––––– 1.51.21.21.21.21.0 Defined contribution ........................–––––––– 1.31.61.61.61.72.1 Legally required benefits .................... 9.3 9.3 9.3 9.3 9.4 9.5 9.5 9.4 9.3 9.1 8.9 8.9 8.6 8.6 Social Security 3.............................. 5.8 5.8 5.9 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.1 6.0 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.1 OASDI ........................................–––––––– 4.94.84.94.94.94.9 Medicare .....................................–––––––– 1.21.21.21.21.21.2 Federal unemployment insurance .. .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .1 .1 .1 State unemployment insurance ...... .8 .8 .6 .6 .6 .7 .7 .7 .7 .7 .7 .6 .6 .5 Workers' compensation .................. 2.3 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.7 2.4 2.4 2.2 2.1 2.0 1.8 1.8 Other benefits 5................................... 6() 6() 6() 6() 6( ) .3 .4 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 6() 1Includes premium pay for work in addition to the regular work schedule (such as overtime, weekends, and holidays).

2Short-term disability includes all insured, self-insured, and state-mandated plans that provide benefits for each disability, including unfunded plans.

– Data not available.

Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 23 - Table 5. Private industry workers, by bargaining status: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1986-2001 Union Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... $16.79 $17.58 $18.16 $18.24 $18.78 $19.76 $21.09 $21.86 $23.26 $22.40 $23.31 $23.48 $23.59 $24.75 $25.88 $27.80 Wages and salaries ................................ 11.32 11.83 12.04 12.10 12.47 13.02 13.63 13.98 14.76 14.42 14.93 15.13 15.38 16.21 16.87 18.36 Total benefits .......................................... 5.47 5.75 6.12 6.13 6.30 6.75 7.46 7.88 8.51 7.99 8.38 8.34 8.22 8.53 9.01 9.45 Paid leave ........................................... 1.23 1.27 1.35 1.32 1.35 1.43 1.56 1.58 1.66 1.55 1.63 1.56 1.57 1.66 1.75 1.92 Vacation .......................................... – – .72 .71 .73 .77 .83 .84 .90 .84 .89 .86 .85 .90 .91 .98 Holiday ............................................ – – .44 .44 .43 .45 .49 .51 .53 .49 .49 .49 .51 .53 .58 .64 Sick ................................................. – – .12 .12 .14 .15 .16 .16 .16 .16 .17 .14 .14 .16 .18 .22 Other ............................................... – – .06 .05 .05 .06 .07 .07 .08 .06 .07 .06 .07 .07 .08 .08 Supplemental pay ............................... .54 .58 .64 .68 .66 .69 .73 .73 .75 .73 .84 .91 .95 .94 1.05 1.12 Premium 1....................................... – – .45 .46 .44 .47 .48 .48 .50 .49 .54 .59 .60 .62 .68 .66 Shift differential ............................... – – .10 .12 .11 .11 .12 .13 .14 .12 .13 .13 .14 .14 .15 .15 Nonproduction bonuses .................. – – .08 .10 .12 .10 .12 .13 .11 .12 .17 .19 .21 .17 .22 .30 Insurance ............................................ 1.24 1.32 1.45 1.52 1.56 1.78 2.06 2.25 2.46 2.24 2.24 2.19 2.15 2.21 2.37 2.48 Life .................................................. ––––– .07.07.08.08.07.08.08.08.08.08.09 Health ............................................. –––––1.63 1.89 2.07 2.28 2.09 2.05 2.01 1.97 2.02 2.17 2.26 Short-term disability 2...................... ––––– .09.10.10.10.08.08.08.08.08.08.08 Long-term disability ........................ –––––––––– .02.02.02.03.04.05 Retirement and savings ...................... .87 .90 .86 .76 .84 .87 .99 1.03 1.23 1.15 1.32 1.33 1.29 1.37 1.49 1.52 Pensions ......................................... – – .81 .69 .78 .78 .89 .93 1.12 ––––––– Savings and thrift ............................ – – .06 .07 .07 .09 .09 .11 .12 ––––––– Defined benefit ............................... ––––––––––1.06 1.06 1.00 1.05 1.07 1.08 Defined contribution ........................ –––––––––– .27.26.29.32.41.45 Legally required benefits .................... 1.54 1.63 1.76 1.77 1.83 1.93 2.05 2.14 2.30 2.24 2.28 2.27 2.18 2.26 2.25 2.34 Social Security 3.............................. – – 1.02 1.03 1.08 1.13 1.18 1.22 1.27 1.23 1.28 1.30 1.33 1.40 1.45 1.56 OASDI ........................................ ––––––––––1.04 1.06 1.07 1.13 1.17 1.26 Medicare ..................................... –––––––––– .25.25.25.27.28.30 Federal unemployment insurance .. – – .04 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 State unemployment insurance ...... – – .17 .15 .13 .12 .14 .16 .17 .16 .16 .15 .14 .14 .13 .13 Workers' compensation .................. – – .43 .48 .52 .55 .62 .67 .76 .72 .81 .79 .69 .69 .64 .62 Other benefits 4................................... .05 .05 .06 .06 .05 .05 .07 .14 .11 .08 .07 .08 .08 .09 .10 .07 Percent of total compensation by year 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ 67.4 67.3 66.3 66.4 66.4 65.9 64.6 64.0 63.4 64.3 64.1 64.5 65.2 65.5 65.2 66.0 Total benefits .......................................... 32.6 32.7 33.7 33.6 33.6 34.1 35.4 36.0 36.6 35.7 35.9 35.5 34.8 34.5 34.8 34.0 Paid leave ........................................... 7.4 7.2 7.4 7.3 7.2 7.2 7.4 7.2 7.1 6.9 7.0 6.6 6.7 6.7 6.8 6.9 Vacation .......................................... – – 4.0 3.9 3.9 3.9 4.0 3.9 3.9 3.8 3.8 3.7 3.6 3.6 3.5 3.5 Holiday ............................................ – – 2.4 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.1 2.1 2.2 2.1 2.2 2.3 Sick ................................................. – – .7 .7 .7 .8 .8 .7 .7 .7 .7 .6 .6 .6 .7 .8 Other ............................................... – – .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 Supplemental pay ............................... 3.2 3.3 3.5 3.8 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.3 3.2 3.3 3.6 3.9 4.0 3.8 4.1 4.0 Premium 1....................................... – – 2.5 2.5 2.3 2.4 2.3 2.2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.6 2.4 Shift differential ............................... – – .6 .7 .6 .6 .6 .6 .6 .5 .5 .6 .6 .6 .6 .5 Nonproduction bonuses .................. – – .4 .5 .6 .5 .6 .6 .5 .5 .7 .8 .9 .7 .9 1.1 Insurance ............................................ 7.4 7.5 8.0 8.3 8.3 9.0 9.8 10.3 10.6 10.0 9.6 9.3 9.1 8.9 9.2 8.9 Life .................................................. ––––– .3.4.4.3.3.4.4.3.3.3.3 Health ............................................. ––––– 8.29.09.59.89.38.88.58.48.28.48.1 Short-term disability 2...................... ––––– .4.5.5.4.4.3.3.3.3.3.3 Long-term disability ........................ –––––––––– .1.1.1.1.2.2 Retirement and savings ...................... 5.2 5.1 4.8 4.2 4.5 4.4 4.7 4.7 5.3 5.1 5.7 5.7 5.5 5.5 5.8 5.5 Pensions ......................................... – – 4.4 3.8 4.1 4.0 4.2 4.3 4.8 ––––––– Savings and thrift ............................ – – .3 .4 .4 .4 .4 .5 .5 ––––––– Defined benefit ............................... –––––––––– 4.54.54.24.24.13.9 Defined contribution ........................ –––––––––– 1.11.11.21.31.61.6 Legally required benefits .................... 9.2 9.3 9.7 9.7 9.8 9.8 9.7 9.8 9.9 10.0 9.8 9.7 9.2 9.1 8.7 8.4 Social Security 3.............................. – – 5.6 5.7 5.7 5.7 5.6 5.6 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.6 5.6 5.7 5.6 5.6 OASDI ........................................ –––––––––– 4.44.54.54.64.54.5 Medicare ..................................... –––––––––– 1.11.11.11.11.11.1 Federal unemployment insurance .. – – .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 State unemployment insurance ...... – – .9 .8 .7 .6 .6 .7 .7 .7 .7 .6 .6 .6 .5 .5 Workers' compensation .................. – – 2.4 2.6 2.7 2.8 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.2 3.5 3.4 2.9 2.8 2.5 2.2 Other benefits 4................................... .3 .3 .3 .3 .2 .2 .3 .7 .5 .3 .3 .3 .3 .4 .4 .3 1Includes premium pay for work in addition to the regular work schedule (such as overtime, weekends, and holidays).

2Short-term disability includes all insured, self-insured, and state-mandated plans that provide benefits for each disability, including unfunded plans.

3The total employer's cost for Social Security is comprised of an OASDI portion and a Medicare portion. OASDI is the acronym for Old-Age, Survivors, and DisabilityInsurance. 4Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.

– Data not available.

Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 24 - Table 5. Private industry workers, by bargaining status: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1986-2001 -- Continued Nonunion Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... $12.39 $12.54 $12.90 $13.48 $14.22 $14.56 $15.22 $15.76 $16.04 $16.26 $16.61 $17.21 $17.80 $18.20 $19.07 $19.98 Wages and salaries ................................ 9.26 9.40 9.61 10.03 10.52 10.78 11.21 11.52 11.70 11.90 12.23 12.75 13.21 13.54 14.18 14.81 Total benefits .......................................... 3.12 3.14 3.29 3.45 3.70 3.79 4.01 4.24 4.34 4.35 4.39 4.46 4.58 4.66 4.89 5.18 Paid leave ........................................... .85 .86 .89 .94 .96 .98 1.01 1.02 1.02 1.02 1.04 1.08 1.11 1.13 1.22 1.31 Vacation .......................................... – – .43 .46 .47 .47 .48 .48 .48 .49 .50 .53 .54 .55 .59 .64 Holiday ............................................ – – .30 .32 .33 .33 .35 .35 .36 .36 .36 .38 .39 .40 .42 .45 Sick ................................................. – – .12 .13 .13 .13 .14 .14 .14 .13 .13 .13 .14 .14 .15 .16 Other ............................................... – – .03 .04 .04 .04 .05 .04 .04 .04 .05 .05 .05 .05 .05 .05 Supplemental pay ............................... .24 .26 .26 .27 .31 .29 .32 .37 .39 .43 .44 .46 .51 .50 .54 .55 Premium 1....................................... – – .11 .11 .11 .12 .13 .13 .14 .14 .15 .15 .17 .17 .18 .19 Shift differential ............................... – – .03 .03 .03 .04 .04 .04 .04 .04 .04 .04 .04 .03 .04 .04 Nonproduction bonuses .................. – – .12 .12 .16 .14 .16 .20 .21 .24 .25 .27 .30 .30 .33 .32 Insurance ............................................ .61 .60 .64 .72 .79 .86 .94 1.00 1.03 .98 .97 .94 .96 .98 1.04 1.14 Life .................................................. ––––– .04.04.04.04.04.04.04.04.04.04.04 Health ............................................. ––––– .78.86.92.94.90.88.85.86.89.951.04 Short-term disability 2...................... ––––– .03.04.04.04.04.03.03.03.03.03.03 Long-term disability ........................ –––––––––– .02.02.02.02.03.03 Retirement and savings ...................... .41 .39 .36 .35 .37 .36 .36 .38 .40 .42 .43 .44 .45 .46 .47 .51 Pensions ......................................... – – .29 .27 .28 .26 .27 .28 .29 ––––––– Savings and thrift ............................ – – .07 .08 .10 .10 .10 .10 .11 ––––––– Defined benefit ............................... –––––––––– .18.15.14.14.12.11 Defined contribution ........................ –––––––––– .25.29.31.32.35.40 Legally required benefits .................... 1.00 1.03 1.11 1.17 1.25 1.30 1.37 1.44 1.48 1.49 1.49 1.53 1.55 1.57 1.59 1.65 Social Security 3.............................. – – .76 .80 .86 .88 .92 .95 .97 .99 1.01 1.05 1.09 1.12 1.17 1.23 OASDI ........................................ –––––––––– .81.84.88.90.94.99 Medicare ..................................... –––––––––– .20.21.22.22.23.24 Federal unemployment insurance .. – – .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 State unemployment insurance ...... – – .10 .10 .09 .09 .09 .11 .12 .12 .11 .11 .11 .10 .10 .09 Workers' compensation .................. – – .20 .23 .27 .28 .31 .34 .35 .34 .33 .34 .31 .31 .29 .30 Other benefits 5................................... 4() 4() 4() 4() 4() 4() 4( ) .02 .03 .02 .02 .02 .02 .02 .02 .02 Percent of total compensation by year 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ 74.8 75.0 74.5 74.4 74.0 74.0 73.6 73.1 72.9 73.2 73.6 74.1 74.2 74.4 74.4 74.1 Total benefits .......................................... 25.2 25.0 25.5 25.6 26.0 26.0 26.4 26.9 27.1 26.8 26.4 25.9 25.7 25.6 25.6 25.9 Paid leave ........................................... 6.9 6.8 6.9 7.0 6.8 6.7 6.6 6.5 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.2 6.2 6.4 6.6 Vacation .......................................... – – 3.4 3.4 3.3 3.2 3.2 3.1 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.1 3.0 3.0 3.1 3.2 Holiday ............................................ – – 2.4 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.3 Sick ................................................. – – .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 Other ............................................... – – .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 Supplemental pay ............................... 1.9 2.1 2.0 2.0 2.2 2.0 2.1 2.3 2.4 2.6 2.7 2.7 2.9 2.7 2.8 2.8 Premium 1....................................... – – .9 .9 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .9 .9 .9 1.0 .9 .9 1.0 Shift differential ............................... – – .2 .2 .2 .3 .2 .2 .3 .3 .3 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 Nonproduction bonuses .................. – – 1.0 .9 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.3 1.3 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.7 1.6 Insurance ............................................ 4.9 4.7 5.0 5.3 5.6 5.9 6.2 6.4 6.4 6.0 5.8 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.5 5.7 Life .................................................. ––––– .3.3.3.3.2.2.2.2.2.2.2 Health ............................................. ––––– 5.45.75.85.95.55.34.94.84.95.05.2 Short-term disability 2...................... ––––– .2.2.3.2.2.2.2.2.2.2.2 Long-term disability ........................ –––––––––– .1.1.1.1.2.2 Retirement and savings ...................... 3.3 3.1 2.8 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.4 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.6 Pensions ......................................... – – 2.3 2.0 2.0 1.8 1.7 1.8 1.8 ––––––– Savings and thrift ............................ – – .6 .6 .7 .7 .6 .7 .7 ––––––– Defined benefit ............................... –––––––––– 1.1.9.8.8.6.6 Defined contribution ........................ –––––––––– 1.51.71.71.81.82.0 Legally required benefits .................... 8.1 8.2 8.6 8.7 8.8 8.9 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.2 9.0 8.9 8.7 8.6 8.3 8.3 Social Security 3.............................. – – 5.9 5.9 6.0 6.1 6.0 6.0 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.2 6.1 6.2 OASDI ........................................ –––––––––– 4.94.94.94.94.95.0 Medicare ..................................... –––––––––– 1.21.21.21.21.21.2 Federal unemployment insurance .. – – .3 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 State unemployment insurance ...... – – .8 .7 .6 .6 .6 .7 .7 .7 .7 .6 .6 .5 .5 .5 Workers' compensation .................. – – 1.6 1.7 1.9 1.9 2.0 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.0 2.0 1.7 1.7 1.5 1.5 Other benefits 5................................... 6() 6() 6() 6() 6() 6() 6( ) .1 .2 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 1Includes premium pay for work in addition to the regular work schedule (such as overtime, weekends, and holidays).

2Short-term disability includes all insured, self-insured, and state-mandated plans that provide benefits for each disability, including unfunded plans.

– Data not available.

Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 25 - Table 6. Private industry workers, by establishment size: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1990-2001 Establishments with 1-99 workers Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... $13.08 $13.38 $13.95 $14.56 $14.58 $14.58 $14.85 $15.37 $15.92 $16.27 $17.16 $17.86 Wages and salaries ................................ 9.77 10.00 10.36 10.75 10.72 10.81 11.09 11.54 12.01 12.29 12.95 13.41 Total benefits .......................................... 3.31 3.38 3.59 3.81 3.86 3.77 3.76 3.82 3.91 3.98 4.21 4.45 Paid leave ........................................... .74 .77 .77 .81 .78 .77 .77 .78 .81 .83 .92 1.02 Vacation .......................................... .37 .38 .37 .38 .37 .37 .37 .38 .39 .40 .46 .50 Holiday ............................................ .26 .27 .27 .28 .28 .27 .27 .28 .29 .30 .32 .35 Sick ................................................. .09 .09 .10 .10 .10 .10 .10 .09 .09 .10 .11 .13 Other ............................................... .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 Supplemental pay ............................... .30 .26 .30 .33 .34 .35 .36 .39 .43 .40 .47 .47 Premium 1....................................... .11 .12 .12 .13 .13 .12 .13 .14 .15 .16 .17 .18 Shift differential ............................... 2() 2() 2() 2() 2() 2() 2() 2() 2() 2() 2() 2() Nonproduction bonuses .................. .18 .14 .17 .19 .20 .22 .22 .24 .27 .23 .29 .28 Insurance ............................................ .69 .74 .83 .89 .90 .82 .80 .79 .80 .84 .89 .94 Life .................................................. – .03 .03 .04 .03 .03 .03 .04 .03 .03 .03 .03 Health ............................................. – .68 .76 .82 .84 .77 .74 .72 .73 .77 .82 .88 Short-term disability 3...................... – .02 .03 .03 .03 .03 .02 .02 .02 .02 .02 .02 Long-term disability ........................ – – – – – – 2() 2() 2( ) .02 .02 .02 Retirement and savings ...................... .33 .32 .31 .32 .33 .33 .34 .35 .35 .39 .40 .42 Pensions ......................................... .29 .28 .26 .27 .27 – – ––––– Savings and thrift ............................ .04 .04 .05 .05 .06 – – ––––– Defined benefit ............................... – – – – – – .16 .14 .13 .14 .14 .12 Defined contribution ........................ – – – – – – .18 .22 .23 .25 .26 .31 Legally required benefits .................... 1.25 1.29 1.37 1.47 1.49 1.48 1.48 1.50 1.51 1.51 1.53 1.59 Social Security 4.............................. .80 .82 .85 .89 .90 .91 .92 .96 1.00 1.02 1.07 1.11 OASDI ........................................ – – – – – – .74 .77 .80 .83 .86 .89 Medicare ..................................... – – – – – – .18 .19 .20 .20 .21 .22 Federal unemployment insurance .. .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 State unemployment insurance ...... .09 .09 .10 .12 .13 .12 .12 .11 .11 .10 .10 .09 Workers' compensation .................. .32 .34 .38 .42 .43 .42 .41 .39 .36 .35 .33 .35 Other benefits 5................................... 2() 2() 2() 2() 2() 2() 2() 2() 2() 2() 2() 2() Percent of total compensation by year 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ 74.7 74.7 74.3 73.8 73.5 74.1 74.7 75.1 75.4 75.5 75.5 75.1 Total benefits .......................................... 25.3 25.3 25.7 26.2 26.5 25.9 25.3 24.9 24.6 24.5 24.5 24.9 Paid leave ........................................... 5.6 5.7 5.6 5.5 5.4 5.3 5.2 5.1 5.1 5.1 5.4 5.7 Vacation .......................................... 2.8 2.8 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.4 2.5 2.7 2.8 Holiday ............................................ 2.0 2.0 1.9 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.9 2.0 Sick ................................................. .7 .7 .7 .7 .7 .7 .6 .6 .6 .6 .6 .7 Other ............................................... .2 .2 .3 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 Supplemental pay ............................... 2.3 1.9 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.4 2.6 2.7 2.5 2.7 2.6 Premium 1....................................... .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 .8 .9 .9 1.0 1.0 1.0 Shift differential ............................... 6() 6() 6() 6() 6() 6() 6() 6() 6() 6() 6() 6() Nonproduction bonuses .................. 1.3 1.0 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.4 1.7 1.6 Insurance ............................................ 5.2 5.5 5.9 6.1 6.2 5.7 5.4 5.2 5.0 5.2 5.2 5.3 Life .................................................. – .3 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 Health ............................................. – 5.1 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.3 5.0 4.7 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 Short-term disability 3...................... – .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 Long-term disability ........................ – – – – – – 6() 6() 6( ) .1 .1 .1 Retirement and savings ...................... 2.6 2.4 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.4 2.3 2.4 Pensions ......................................... 2.2 2.1 1.9 1.8 1.9 – – ––––– Savings and thrift ............................ .3 .3 .3 .4 .4 – – ––––– Defined benefit ............................... – – – – – – 1.1 .9 .8 .9 .8 .7 Defined contribution ........................ – – – – – – 1.2 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.7 Legally required benefits .................... 9.6 9.7 9.8 10.1 10.2 10.2 10.0 9.7 9.5 9.3 8.9 8.9 Social Security 4.............................. 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.3 6.3 6.2 6.2 OASDI ........................................ – – – – – – 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.1 5.0 5.0 Medicare ..................................... – – – – – – 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.2 Federal unemployment insurance .. .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 State unemployment insurance ...... .7 .7 .7 .8 .9 .8 .8 .7 .7 .6 .6 .5 Workers' compensation .................. 2.5 2.5 2.7 2.9 3.0 2.8 2.8 2.6 2.3 2.2 1.9 2.0 Other benefits 5................................... 6() 6() 6() 6() 6() 6() 6() 6() 6() 6() 6() 6() 1Includes premium pay for work in addition to the regular work schedule (such as overtime, weekends, and holidays).

2Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.3Short-term disability includes all insured, self-insured, and state-mandated plans that provide benefits for each disability, including unfunded plans.

4The total employer's cost for Social Security is comprised of an OASDI portion and a Medicare portion. OASDI is the acronym forOld-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance. 5Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.

6Less than .05 percent.

– Data not available.

Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 26 - Table 6. Private industry workers, by establishment size: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1990-2001 -- Continued Establishments with 100 or more workers Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... $16.82 $17.34 $18.06 $18.52 $19.45 $19.44 $20.09 $20.61 $21.20 $21.88 $22.81 $24.19 Wages and salaries ................................ 11.89 12.23 12.66 12.88 13.48 13.58 14.05 14.55 15.01 15.54 16.19 17.20 Total benefits .......................................... 4.93 5.11 5.40 5.64 5.97 5.85 6.04 6.06 6.19 6.35 6.62 6.99 Paid leave ........................................... 1.31 1.32 1.37 1.36 1.42 1.39 1.46 1.50 1.53 1.58 1.67 1.78 Vacation .......................................... .65 .66 .68 .67 .70 .69 .73 .75 .77 .80 .82 .88 Holiday ............................................ .43 .44 .45 .46 .48 .47 .48 .50 .51 .53 .57 .61 Sick ................................................. .17 .17 .17 .17 .17 .17 .18 .18 .18 .19 .20 .21 Other ............................................... .06 .06 .06 .06 .07 .06 .07 .07 .07 .07 .08 .08 Supplemental pay ............................... .44 .45 .46 .51 .54 .58 .63 .64 .69 .71 .75 .78 Premium 1....................................... .22 .23 .23 .24 .24 .25 .27 .27 .29 .30 .32 .31 Shift differential ............................... .08 .09 .09 .09 .10 .10 .10 .09 .09 .09 .09 .10 Nonproduction bonuses .................. .14 .13 .14 .18 .20 .24 .26 .28 .32 .33 .34 .37 Insurance ............................................ 1.15 1.26 1.37 1.46 1.55 1.45 1.47 1.39 1.42 1.44 1.54 1.66 Life .................................................. – .06 .06 .06 .06 .05 .06 .06 .06 .06 .06 .06 Health ............................................. – 1.14 1.25 1.33 1.42 1.34 1.33 1.26 1.28 1.30 1.38 1.49 Short-term disability 2...................... – .06 .06 .07 .07 .06 .05 .05 .05 .05 .06 .06 Long-term disability ........................ – – – – – – .03 .03 .03 .03 .04 .04 Retirement and savings ...................... .57 .56 .60 .63 .70 .69 .75 .74 .75 .76 .80 .84 Pensions ......................................... .42 .41 .45 .48 .54 – – ––––– Savings and thrift ............................ .14 .15 .14 .15 .16 – – ––––– Defined benefit ............................... – – – – – – .43 .38 .37 .36 .34 .32 Defined contribution ........................ – – – – – – .31 .36 .39 .40 .46 .51 Legally required benefits .................... 1.44 1.50 1.56 1.62 1.70 1.69 1.70 1.75 1.75 1.80 1.82 1.89 Social Security 3.............................. .99 1.02 1.06 1.08 1.13 1.13 1.17 1.21 1.25 1.30 1.35 1.44 OASDI ........................................ – – – – – – .94 .97 1.01 1.04 1.09 1.15 Medicare ..................................... – – – – – – .23 .24 .25 .26 .27 .28 Federal unemployment insurance .. .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 State unemployment insurance ...... .09 .09 .10 .11 .12 .12 .12 .12 .11 .10 .10 .10 Workers' compensation .................. .29 .31 .34 .37 .38 .37 .38 .39 .35 .36 .33 .32 Other benefits 4................................... .02 .02 .03 .07 .07 .05 .05 .05 .05 .05 .05 .04 Percent of total compensation by year 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ 70.7 70.5 70.1 69.5 69.3 69.9 69.9 70.6 70.8 71.0 71.0 71.1 Total benefits .......................................... 29.3 29.5 29.9 30.5 30.7 30.1 30.1 29.4 29.2 29.0 29.0 28.9 Paid leave ........................................... 7.8 7.6 7.6 7.3 7.3 7.2 7.2 7.3 7.2 7.2 7.3 7.4 Vacation .......................................... 3.9 3.8 3.8 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.7 3.6 3.7 3.6 3.6 Holiday ............................................ 2.6 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.5 2.5 Sick ................................................. 1.0 1.0 1.0 .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 .8 .9 .9 .9 Other ............................................... .3 .3 .4 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .4 .3 Supplemental pay ............................... 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.7 2.8 3.0 3.1 3.1 3.3 3.2 3.3 3.2 Premium 1....................................... 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.3 Shift differential ............................... .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 Nonproduction bonuses .................. .8 .7 .8 1.0 1.0 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 Insurance ............................................ 6.8 7.3 7.6 7.9 8.0 7.5 7.3 6.7 6.7 6.6 6.8 6.9 Life .................................................. – .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .2 Health ............................................. – 6.6 6.9 7.2 7.3 6.9 6.6 6.1 6.0 5.9 6.0 6.2 Short-term disability 2...................... – .3 .3 .4 .3 .3 .3 .2 .2 .2 .3 .2 Long-term disability ........................ – – – – – – .1 .1 .1 .1 .2 .2 Retirement and savings ...................... 3.4 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.6 3.5 3.7 3.6 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 Pensions ......................................... 2.5 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.8 – – ––––– Savings and thrift ............................ .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 – – ––––– Defined benefit ............................... – – – – – – 2.2 1.9 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.3 Defined contribution ........................ – – – – – – 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.8 2.0 2.1 Legally required benefits .................... 8.6 8.6 8.6 8.7 8.7 8.7 8.5 8.5 8.3 8.2 8.0 7.8 Social Security 3.............................. 5.9 5.9 5.8 5.8 5.8 5.8 5.8 5.9 5.9 5.9 5.9 6.0 OASDI ........................................ – – – – – – 4.7 4.7 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 Medicare ..................................... – – – – – – 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 Federal unemployment insurance .. .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 State unemployment insurance ...... .6 .5 .5 .6 .6 .6 .6 .6 .5 .5 .4 .4 Workers' compensation .................. 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.7 1.6 1.4 1.3 Other benefits 4................................... .1 .1 .2 .4 .3 .3 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 1Includes premium pay for work in addition to the regular work schedule (such as overtime, weekends, and holidays).

2Short-term disability includes all insured, self-insured, and state-mandated plans that provide benefits for each disability, including unfunded plans.

3The total employer's cost for Social Security is comprised of an OASDI portion and a Medicare portion. OASDI is the acronym forOld-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance. 4Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.

– Data not available.

Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 27 - Table 6. Private industry workers, by establishment size: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1990-2001 -- Continued Establishments with 100-499 workers Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... $13.82 $14.31 $15.03 $15.21 $15.88 $16.30 $16.61 $16.97 $17.52 $18.14 $19.30 $20.97 Wages and salaries ................................ 10.02 10.32 10.82 10.92 11.37 11.62 11.90 12.29 12.67 13.17 14.05 15.21 Total benefits .......................................... 3.81 3.99 4.21 4.29 4.51 4.68 4.72 4.68 4.85 4.97 5.25 5.76 Paid leave ........................................... .94 .95 .99 .96 .99 1.01 1.03 1.06 1.08 1.11 1.23 1.39 Vacation .......................................... .46 .46 .48 .46 .47 .49 .51 .52 .53 .55 .60 .68 Holiday ............................................ .32 .33 .34 .33 .35 .35 .36 .36 .37 .38 .43 .49 Sick ................................................. .12 .12 .13 .12 .12 .12 .12 .13 .13 .14 .15 .16 Other ............................................... .04 .04 .04 .04 .05 .05 .05 .05 .05 .05 .06 .06 Supplemental pay ............................... .31 .32 .34 .36 .40 .51 .50 .46 .57 .58 .59 .64 Premium 1....................................... .18 .19 .20 .20 .20 .23 .24 .23 .25 .25 .26 .27 Shift differential ............................... .04 .04 .04 .05 .05 .06 .06 .04 .05 .05 .06 .07 Nonproduction bonuses .................. .09 .09 .10 .11 .14 .22 .21 .19 .27 .28 .28 .30 Insurance ............................................ .88 .98 1.06 1.07 1.12 1.14 1.15 1.08 1.11 1.12 1.20 1.38 Life .................................................. – .04 .04 .04 .04 .04 .04 .04 .04 .04 .05 .05 Health ............................................. – .90 .98 .98 1.03 1.05 1.05 .98 1.01 1.01 1.09 1.26 Short-term disability 2...................... – .04 .04 .04 .04 .05 .04 .04 .04 .04 .04 .05 Long-term disability ........................ – – – – – – .02 .02 .02 .02 .03 .03 Retirement and savings ...................... .39 .40 .41 .42 .45 .48 .49 .51 .51 .53 .56 .61 Pensions ......................................... .29 .29 .31 .33 .34 – – ––––– Savings and thrift ............................ .10 .10 .09 .10 .11 – – ––––– Defined benefit ............................... – – – – – – .26 .22 .20 .21 .21 .21 Defined contribution ........................ – – – – – – .23 .29 .31 .32 .35 .40 Legally required benefits .................... 1.28 1.33 1.40 1.44 1.50 1.53 1.52 1.56 1.57 1.62 1.65 1.72 Social Security 3.............................. .84 .87 .90 .91 .94 .97 .98 1.02 1.06 1.10 1.17 1.27 OASDI ........................................ – – – – – – .79 .82 .85 .89 .94 1.02 Medicare ..................................... – – – – – – .19 .20 .21 .22 .23 .25 Federal unemployment insurance .. .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 State unemployment insurance ...... .10 .09 .10 .12 .13 .13 .12 .12 .12 .11 .10 .10 Workers' compensation .................. .31 .33 .36 .38 .39 .39 .38 .38 .36 .38 .34 .32 Other benefits 5................................... 4() 4() 4( ) .04 .05 .02 .02 .02 4( ) .02 .02 .02 Percent of total compensation by year 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ 72.5 72.1 72.0 71.8 71.6 71.3 71.6 72.4 72.3 72.6 72.8 72.5 Total benefits .......................................... 27.5 27.9 28.0 28.2 28.4 28.7 28.4 27.6 27.7 27.4 27.2 27.5 Paid leave ........................................... 6.8 6.7 6.6 6.3 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.1 6.4 6.6 Vacation .......................................... 3.3 3.2 3.2 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.1 3.0 3.0 3.1 3.2 Holiday ............................................ 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.2 2.3 Sick ................................................. .9 .9 .8 .8 .8 .8 .7 .7 .7 .8 .8 .8 Other ............................................... .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 Supplemental pay ............................... 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.4 2.5 3.1 3.0 2.7 3.3 3.2 3.1 3.1 Premium 1....................................... 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.3 Shift differential ............................... .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .4 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 Nonproduction bonuses .................. .6 .6 .6 .7 .9 1.3 1.3 1.1 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.4 Insurance ............................................ 6.3 6.9 7.1 7.0 7.0 7.0 6.9 6.4 6.3 6.2 6.2 6.6 Life .................................................. – .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .2 .2 .3 .2 Health ............................................. – 6.3 6.5 6.4 6.5 6.5 6.3 5.8 5.8 5.6 5.6 6.0 Short-term disability 2...................... – .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 Long-term disability ........................ – – – – – – .1 .1 .1 .1 .2 .1 Retirement and savings ...................... 2.8 2.8 2.7 2.8 2.8 2.9 3.0 3.0 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9 Pensions ......................................... 2.1 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.1 – – ––––– Savings and thrift ............................ .7 .7 .6 .6 .7 – – ––––– Defined benefit ............................... – – – – – – 1.6 1.3 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.0 Defined contribution ........................ – – – – – – 1.4 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.9 Legally required benefits .................... 9.3 9.3 9.3 9.5 9.5 9.4 9.1 9.2 9.0 8.9 8.5 8.2 Social Security 3.............................. 6.0 6.1 6.0 6.0 5.9 6.0 5.9 6.0 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.1 OASDI ........................................ – – – – – – 4.8 4.8 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 Medicare ..................................... – – – – – – 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 Federal unemployment insurance .. .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .1 State unemployment insurance ...... .7 .6 .7 .8 .8 .8 .7 .7 .7 .6 .5 .5 Workers' compensation .................. 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.5 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.1 2.1 1.8 1.5 Other benefits 5................................... 6() 6() 6( ) .3 .3 .1 .1 .1 6( ) .1 .1 .1 1Includes premium pay for work in addition to the regular work schedule (such as overtime, weekends, and holidays).

2Short-term disability includes all insured, self-insured, and state-mandated plans that provide benefits for each disability, including unfunded plans.

6Less than .05 percent.

– Data not available.

Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 28 - Table 6. Private industry workers, by establishment size: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1990-2001 -- Continued Establishments with 500 or more workers Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... $20.02 $20.60 $21.23 $21.92 $23.35 $22.85 $24.03 $24.75 $25.56 $26.37 $26.93 $28.17 Wages and salaries ................................ 13.90 14.28 14.58 14.89 15.79 15.72 16.49 17.12 17.78 18.37 18.70 19.67 Total benefits .......................................... 6.12 6.32 6.64 7.02 7.56 7.13 7.55 7.63 7.78 8.00 8.23 8.50 Paid leave ........................................... 1.70 1.72 1.77 1.78 1.89 1.81 1.94 2.00 2.07 2.15 2.18 2.27 Vacation .......................................... .86 .87 .89 .89 .95 .91 .98 1.02 1.05 1.09 1.08 1.13 Holiday ............................................ .55 .55 .57 .58 .62 .60 .63 .66 .68 .71 .73 .75 Sick ................................................. .22 .22 .22 .22 .23 .22 .24 .24 .24 .25 .26 .28 Other ............................................... .08 .08 .08 .08 .09 .07 .09 .09 .09 .10 .11 .11 Supplemental pay ............................... .57 .58 .59 .66 .69 .66 .77 .83 .84 .87 .93 .95 Premium 1....................................... .26 .27 .27 .27 .29 .27 .31 .32 .34 .35 .38 .36 Shift differential ............................... .13 .14 .14 .14 .15 .14 .14 .14 .13 .13 .13 .14 Nonproduction bonuses .................. .19 .17 .19 .25 .25 .25 .32 .38 .37 .39 .42 .45 Insurance ............................................ 1.44 1.56 1.69 1.86 2.01 1.80 1.82 1.74 1.78 1.83 1.93 2.00 Life .................................................. – .07 .08 .07 .08 .07 .07 .07 .07 .07 .07 .08 Health ............................................. – 1.40 1.53 1.69 1.84 1.65 1.65 1.57 1.59 1.64 1.73 1.79 Short-term disability 2...................... – .08 .08 .09 .09 .08 .06 .07 .08 .07 .07 .08 Long-term disability ........................ – – – – – – .04 .04 .04 .05 .06 .06 Retirement and savings ...................... .76 .74 .80 .83 .96 .91 1.03 1.01 1.04 1.05 1.08 1.12 Pensions ......................................... .57 .54 .60 .63 .76 – – ––––– Savings and thrift ............................ .19 .19 .20 .20 .21 – – ––––– Defined benefit ............................... – – – – – – .63 .58 .56 .55 .49 .46 Defined contribution ........................ – – – – – – .41 .43 .48 .50 .59 .66 Legally required benefits .................... 1.61 1.68 1.73 1.80 1.91 1.87 1.90 1.97 1.97 2.01 2.02 2.09 Social Security 3.............................. 1.15 1.19 1.22 1.25 1.33 1.31 1.38 1.43 1.48 1.54 1.57 1.65 OASDI ........................................ – – – – – – 1.11 1.15 1.19 1.23 1.26 1.32 Medicare ..................................... – – – – – – .27 .29 .29 .31 .31 .33 Federal unemployment insurance .. .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 State unemployment insurance ...... .09 .09 .09 .11 .12 .11 .11 .11 .10 .10 .10 .09 Workers' compensation .................. .27 .30 .33 .35 .37 .35 .38 .39 .35 .34 .32 .32 Other benefits 4................................... .04 .04 .06 .10 .09 .08 .08 .08 .08 .09 .09 .07 Percent of total compensation by year 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ 69.4 69.3 68.7 68.0 67.6 68.8 68.6 69.2 69.6 69.7 69.4 69.8 Total benefits .......................................... 30.6 30.7 31.3 32.0 32.4 31.2 31.4 30.8 30.4 30.3 30.6 30.2 Paid leave ........................................... 8.5 8.3 8.4 8.1 8.1 7.9 8.1 8.1 8.1 8.2 8.1 8.1 Vacation .......................................... 4.3 4.2 4.2 4.1 4.1 4.0 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.0 4.0 Holiday ............................................ 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 Sick ................................................. 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 .9 .9 1.0 1.0 Other ............................................... .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .3 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 Supplemental pay ............................... 2.9 2.8 2.8 3.0 3.0 2.9 3.2 3.4 3.3 3.3 3.5 3.4 Premium 1....................................... 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.3 Shift differential ............................... .7 .7 .6 .6 .6 .6 .6 .6 .5 .5 .5 .5 Nonproduction bonuses .................. .9 .8 .9 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.3 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.6 Insurance ............................................ 7.2 7.6 8.0 8.5 8.6 7.9 7.6 7.0 7.0 6.9 7.2 7.1 Life .................................................. – .4 .4 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 Health ............................................. – 6.8 7.2 7.7 7.9 7.2 6.9 6.3 6.2 6.2 6.4 6.4 Short-term disability 2...................... – .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 Long-term disability ........................ – – – – – – .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 Retirement and savings ...................... 3.8 3.6 3.8 3.8 4.1 4.0 4.3 4.1 4.1 4.0 4.0 4.0 Pensions ......................................... 2.8 2.6 2.8 2.9 3.2 – – ––––– Savings and thrift ............................ 1.0 .9 .9 .9 .9 – – ––––– Defined benefit ............................... – – – – – – 2.6 2.3 2.2 2.1 1.8 1.6 Defined contribution ........................ – – – – – – 1.7 1.7 1.9 1.9 2.2 2.3 Legally required benefits .................... 8.0 8.2 8.2 8.2 8.2 8.2 7.9 7.9 7.7 7.6 7.5 7.4 Social Security 3.............................. 5.7 5.8 5.7 5.7 5.7 5.7 5.7 5.8 5.8 5.8 5.8 5.9 OASDI ........................................ – – – – – – 4.6 4.6 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.7 Medicare ..................................... – – – – – – 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.2 Federal unemployment insurance .. .2 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 State unemployment insurance ...... .5 .4 .4 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .4 .4 .4 .3 Workers' compensation .................. 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 Other benefits 4................................... .2 .2 .3 .5 .4 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .2 1Includes premium pay for work in addition to the regular work schedule (such as overtime, weekends, and holidays).

2Short-term disability includes all insured, self-insured, and state-mandated plans that provide benefits for each disability, including unfunded plans.

3The total employer's cost for Social Security is comprised of an OASDI portion and a Medicare portion. OASDI is the acronym forOld-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance. 4Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.

– Data not available.

Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 29 - Table 7. Civilian workers, by occupational and industry group: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1991-2001 Professional specialty and technical occupations Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... $25.96 $27.49 $29.33 $30.02 $29.77 $30.82 $31.08 $31.56 $32.42 $34.44 $36.04 Wages and salaries ................................ 19.09 20.13 21.41 21.91 21.83 22.55 22.87 23.34 24.04 25.59 26.74 Total benefits .......................................... 6.87 7.35 7.92 8.11 7.93 8.27 8.21 8.22 8.38 8.85 9.31 Paid leave ........................................... 1.90 1.97 2.05 2.07 2.06 2.12 2.14 2.16 2.27 2.55 2.67 Supplemental pay ............................... .32 .39 .42 .42 .45 .58 .62 .63 .50 .54 .57 Insurance ............................................ 1.54 1.74 1.94 2.02 1.88 1.87 1.75 1.80 1.89 2.00 2.15 Retirement and savings ...................... 1.35 1.36 1.51 1.54 1.42 1.51 1.48 1.42 1.45 1.43 1.47 Legally required benefits .................... 1.74 1.85 1.96 2.01 2.09 2.14 2.18 2.16 2.21 2.28 2.40 Other benefits 1................................... .02 .03 .04 .05 .05 .05 .05 .05 .06 .05 .05 Percent of total compensation by year 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ 73.5 73.2 73.0 73.0 73.4 73.2 73.6 74.0 74.2 74.3 74.2 Total benefits .......................................... 26.5 26.8 27.0 27.0 26.6 26.8 26.4 26.0 25.8 25.7 25.8 Paid leave ........................................... 7.3 7.2 7.0 6.9 6.9 6.9 6.9 6.8 7.0 7.4 7.4 Supplemental pay ............................... 1.2 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.9 2.0 2.0 1.5 1.6 1.6 Insurance ............................................ 5.9 6.3 6.6 6.7 6.3 6.1 5.6 5.7 5.8 5.8 6.0 Retirement and savings ...................... 5.2 5.0 5.1 5.1 4.8 4.9 4.8 4.5 4.5 4.2 4.1 Legally required benefits .................... 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 7.0 6.9 7.0 6.8 6.8 6.6 6.7 Other benefits 1................................... .1 .1 .1 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .1 .1 1Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 30 - Table 7. Civilian workers, by occupational and industry group: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1991 1-2001 -- Continued Professional specialty occupations Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... – – – $31.91 $31.59 $32.60 $33.11 $33.69 $34.31 $36.85 $38.77 Wages and salaries ................................ – – – 23.40 23.28 23.95 24.48 25.01 25.58 27.53 28.94 Total benefits .......................................... – – – 8.51 8.31 8.65 8.63 8.68 8.73 9.32 9.83 Paid leave ........................................... – – – 2.13 2.13 2.21 2.24 2.27 2.36 2.71 2.85 Supplemental pay ............................... – – – .42 .44 .61 .64 .64 .48 .50 .53 Insurance ............................................ – – – 2.12 1.97 1.96 1.85 1.90 2.00 2.13 2.26 Retirement and savings ...................... – – – 1.73 1.57 1.64 1.61 1.57 1.57 1.58 1.63 Legally required benefits .................... – – – 2.07 2.15 2.19 2.24 2.25 2.27 2.36 2.51 Other benefits 2................................... – – – .05 .05 .05 .05 .05 .06 .05 .06 Percent of total compensation by year 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... – – – 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ – – – 73.3 73.7 73.5 73.9 74.2 74.6 74.7 74.6 Total benefits .......................................... – – – 26.7 26.3 26.5 26.1 25.8 25.4 25.3 25.4 Paid leave ........................................... – – – 6.7 6.7 6.8 6.8 6.7 6.9 7.4 7.4 Supplemental pay ............................... – – – 1.3 1.4 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.4 1.4 1.4 Insurance ............................................ – – – 6.6 6.2 6.0 5.6 5.6 5.8 5.8 5.8 Retirement and savings ...................... – – – 5.4 5.0 5.0 4.9 4.7 4.6 4.3 4.2 Legally required benefits .................... – – – 6.5 6.8 6.7 6.8 6.7 6.6 6.4 6.5 Other benefits 2................................... – – – .2 .2 .1 .2 .1 .2 .1 .2 1This series began in 1994.2Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.

– Data not available.Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 31 - Table 7. Civilian workers, by occupational and industry group: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1991 1-2001 -- Continued Nurses Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... – – – $27.17 $27.58 $28.69 $28.41 $28.59 $29.37 $30.28 $32.26 Wages and salaries ................................ – – – 19.65 20.12 20.87 20.54 20.88 21.53 22.04 23.35 Total benefits .......................................... – – – 7.52 7.46 7.82 7.87 7.71 7.85 8.24 8.92 Paid leave ........................................... – – – 1.99 1.99 2.13 2.32 2.29 2.34 2.48 2.59 Supplemental pay ............................... – – – 1.02 1.03 1.08 .97 .97 .94 1.00 1.06 Insurance ............................................ – – – 1.46 1.41 1.46 1.42 1.39 1.49 1.58 1.61 Retirement and savings ...................... – – – .82 .71 .78 .85 .78 .77 .85 .94 Legally required benefits .................... – – – 2.21 2.30 2.36 2.31 2.27 2.30 2.32 2.71 Other benefits 3................................... – – – .02 2() 2() 2() 2() 2() 2( ) .02 Percent of total compensation by year 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... – – – 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ – – – 72.3 73.0 72.7 72.3 73.0 73.3 72.8 72.4 Total benefits .......................................... – – – 27.7 27.0 27.3 27.7 27.0 26.7 27.2 27.7 Paid leave ........................................... – – – 7.3 7.2 7.4 8.2 8.0 8.0 8.2 8.0 Supplemental pay ............................... – – – 3.7 3.7 3.8 3.4 3.4 3.2 3.3 3.3 Insurance ............................................ – – – 5.4 5.1 5.1 5.0 4.9 5.1 5.2 5.0 Retirement and savings ...................... – – – 3.0 2.6 2.7 3.0 2.7 2.6 2.8 2.9 Legally required benefits .................... – – – 8.1 8.3 8.2 8.1 7.9 7.8 7.7 8.4 Other benefits 3................................... – – – .1 4() 4() 4() 4() 4() 4() .1 1This series began in 1994.2Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.3Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.

4Less than .05 percent.– Data not available.

Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 32 - Table 7. Civilian workers, by occupational and industry group: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1991 1-2001 -- Continued Teachers Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... – – – $34.76 $34.07 $35.50 $35.37 $36.24 $36.88 $39.19 $40.93 Wages and salaries ................................ – – – 26.16 25.72 26.82 26.79 27.57 28.13 29.93 31.31 Total benefits .......................................... – – – 8.61 8.35 8.68 8.58 8.67 8.75 9.27 9.62 Paid leave ........................................... – – – 1.61 1.63 1.75 1.78 1.82 1.88 2.04 2.16 Supplemental pay ............................... – – – .04 .07 .07 .06 .08 .07 .08 .08 Insurance ............................................ – – – 2.44 2.20 2.28 2.19 2.25 2.33 2.55 2.75 Retirement and savings ...................... – – – 2.55 2.34 2.46 2.40 2.37 2.31 2.34 2.24 Legally required benefits .................... – – – 1.92 2.08 2.08 2.09 2.09 2.11 2.20 2.31 Other benefits 2................................... – – – .04 .03 .04 .06 .06 .06 .07 .08 Percent of total compensation by year 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... – – – 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ – – – 75.2 75.5 75.6 75.8 76.1 76.3 76.4 76.5 Total benefits .......................................... – – – 24.8 24.5 24.4 24.2 23.9 23.7 23.7 23.5 Paid leave ........................................... – – – 4.6 4.8 4.9 5.0 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 Supplemental pay ............................... – – – .1 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 Insurance ............................................ – – – 7.0 6.5 6.4 6.2 6.2 6.3 6.5 6.7 Retirement and savings ...................... – – – 7.3 6.9 6.9 6.8 6.5 6.3 6.0 5.5 Legally required benefits .................... – – – 5.5 6.1 5.9 5.9 5.8 5.7 5.6 5.6 Other benefits 2................................... – – – .1 .1 .1 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 1This series began in 1994.2Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.

– Data not available.Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 33 - Table 7. Civilian workers, by occupational and industry group: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1991 1-2001 -- Continued Technical occupations Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... – – – $23.42 $23.29 $24.24 $23.80 $23.96 $25.72 $26.15 $26.97 Wages and salaries ................................ – – – 16.71 16.71 17.36 17.09 17.34 18.59 18.94 19.41 Total benefits .......................................... – – – 6.71 6.58 6.88 6.71 6.61 7.14 7.22 7.56 Paid leave ........................................... – – – 1.88 1.79 1.83 1.78 1.79 1.95 1.99 2.08 Supplemental pay ............................... – – – .45 .47 .48 .52 .60 .58 .67 .69 Insurance ............................................ – – – 1.68 1.56 1.53 1.42 1.43 1.52 1.58 1.80 Retirement and savings ...................... – – – .85 .89 1.05 1.01 .89 1.02 .92 .93 Legally required benefits .................... – – – 1.81 1.84 1.94 1.94 1.86 2.01 2.00 2.03 Other benefits 2................................... – – – .03 .04 .05 .05 .04 .06 .05 .03 Percent of total compensation by year 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... – – – 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ – – – 71.4 71.8 71.6 71.8 72.4 72.3 72.4 72.0 Total benefits .......................................... – – – 28.6 28.2 28.4 28.2 27.6 27.8 27.6 28.0 Paid leave ........................................... – – – 8.0 7.7 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.6 7.6 7.7 Supplemental pay ............................... – – – 1.9 2.0 2.0 2.2 2.5 2.3 2.6 2.6 Insurance ............................................ – – – 7.2 6.7 6.3 6.0 6.0 5.9 6.0 6.7 Retirement and savings ...................... – – – 3.6 3.8 4.3 4.3 3.7 4.0 3.5 3.4 Legally required benefits .................... – – – 7.7 7.9 8.0 8.1 7.8 7.8 7.6 7.5 Other benefits 2................................... – – – .1 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .1 1This series began in 1994.2Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.

– Data not available.Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 34 - Table 7. Civilian workers, by occupational and industry group: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1991-2001 -- Continued Executive, administrative, and managerial occupations Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... $28.23 $29.49 $30.48 $31.24 $32.32 $33.05 $33.12 $34.39 $35.18 $37.19 $40.25 Wages and salaries ................................ 20.66 21.47 21.98 22.41 23.12 23.81 24.04 24.85 25.31 26.97 28.94 Total benefits .......................................... 7.57 8.02 8.50 8.83 9.21 9.24 9.07 9.54 9.87 10.21 11.32 Paid leave ........................................... 2.52 2.63 2.65 2.69 2.77 2.89 2.87 2.99 3.05 3.18 3.50 Supplemental pay ............................... .46 .52 .67 .72 .94 .76 .77 .99 1.14 1.19 1.39 Insurance ............................................ 1.46 1.63 1.76 1.84 1.82 1.84 1.72 1.77 1.86 1.98 2.21 Retirement and savings ...................... 1.18 1.19 1.19 1.21 1.32 1.39 1.33 1.38 1.36 1.36 1.54 Legally required benefits .................... 1.93 2.02 2.13 2.24 2.30 2.30 2.32 2.36 2.41 2.45 2.62 Other benefits 1................................... .03 .03 .10 .14 .05 .05 .05 .05 .05 .05 .05 Percent of total compensation by year 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ 73.2 72.8 72.1 71.7 71.5 72.0 72.6 72.3 71.9 72.5 71.9 Total benefits .......................................... 26.8 27.2 27.9 28.3 28.5 28.0 27.4 27.7 28.1 27.5 28.1 Paid leave ........................................... 8.9 8.9 8.7 8.6 8.6 8.7 8.7 8.7 8.7 8.6 8.7 Supplemental pay ............................... 1.6 1.7 2.2 2.3 2.9 2.3 2.3 2.9 3.2 3.2 3.5 Insurance ............................................ 5.2 5.5 5.8 5.9 5.6 5.6 5.2 5.1 5.3 5.3 5.5 Retirement and savings ...................... 4.2 4.0 3.9 3.9 4.1 4.2 4.0 4.0 3.9 3.7 3.8 Legally required benefits .................... 6.8 6.9 7.0 7.2 7.1 7.0 7.0 6.9 6.9 6.6 6.5 Other benefits 1................................... .1 .1 .3 .4 .2 .2 .2 .1 .1 .1 .1 1Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 35 - Table 7. Civilian workers, by occupational and industry group: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1991-2001 -- Continued Administrative support, including clerical occupations Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... $13.38 $13.90 $14.36 $14.87 $14.84 $15.17 $15.44 $16.09 $16.63 $17.22 $17.59 Wages and salaries ................................ 9.44 9.77 10.05 10.38 10.48 10.73 10.99 11.47 11.90 12.26 12.62 Total benefits .......................................... 3.94 4.13 4.31 4.49 4.36 4.44 4.45 4.62 4.73 4.96 4.96 Paid leave ........................................... 1.04 1.07 1.08 1.12 1.09 1.12 1.13 1.17 1.21 1.25 1.26 Supplemental pay ............................... .22 .23 .25 .26 .26 .27 .29 .32 .31 .41 .35 Insurance ............................................ 1.17 1.27 1.35 1.41 1.31 1.32 1.27 1.34 1.37 1.42 1.48 Retirement and savings ...................... .47 .47 .50 .51 .50 .55 .55 .56 .58 .58 .55 Legally required benefits .................... 1.02 1.07 1.12 1.17 1.17 1.17 1.19 1.22 1.25 1.27 1.30 Other benefits 2................................... 1() 1( ) .02 .02 .02 .02 .02 .02 .02 .02 .02 Percent of total compensation by year 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ 70.6 70.3 70.0 69.8 70.6 70.7 71.2 71.3 71.6 71.2 71.7 Total benefits .......................................... 29.4 29.7 30.0 30.2 29.4 29.3 28.8 28.7 28.4 28.8 28.2 Paid leave ........................................... 7.8 7.7 7.5 7.5 7.3 7.4 7.3 7.3 7.3 7.3 7.2 Supplemental pay ............................... 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.9 2.0 1.9 2.4 2.0 Insurance ............................................ 8.8 9.2 9.4 9.5 8.8 8.7 8.2 8.3 8.2 8.2 8.4 Retirement and savings ...................... 3.5 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.6 3.6 3.5 3.5 3.4 3.1 Legally required benefits .................... 7.6 7.7 7.8 7.8 7.9 7.7 7.7 7.6 7.5 7.4 7.4 Other benefits 2................................... 3() 3( ) .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 1Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.2Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.

3Less than .05 percent.Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 36 - Table 7. Civilian workers, by occupational and industry group: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1991-2001 -- Continued Service industries Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... $17.02 $18.14 $18.91 $19.36 $19.10 $19.54 $20.27 $20.81 $21.23 $22.20 $23.54 Wages and salaries ................................ 12.53 13.28 13.80 14.11 14.01 14.37 15.03 15.49 15.87 16.62 17.59 Total benefits .......................................... 4.49 4.86 5.11 5.24 5.09 5.16 5.24 5.32 5.37 5.58 5.96 Paid leave ........................................... 1.18 1.25 1.26 1.29 1.27 1.29 1.33 1.36 1.40 1.52 1.64 Supplemental pay ............................... .22 .26 .27 .28 .27 .30 .36 .37 .33 .31 .31 Insurance ............................................ 1.05 1.18 1.29 1.36 1.27 1.23 1.18 1.22 1.26 1.33 1.46 Retirement and savings ...................... .76 .79 .83 .83 .77 .83 .80 .79 .78 .79 .80 Legally required benefits .................... 1.28 1.36 1.43 1.47 1.49 1.50 1.55 1.56 1.58 1.62 1.72 Other benefits 2................................... 1() 1( ) .02 .02 .02 1( ) .02 .02 .02 .02 .02 Percent of total compensation by year 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ 73.6 73.2 73.0 72.9 73.4 73.6 74.2 74.4 74.8 74.9 74.7 Total benefits .......................................... 26.4 26.8 27.0 27.1 26.6 26.4 25.8 25.6 25.3 25.1 25.3 Paid leave ........................................... 6.9 6.9 6.7 6.6 6.7 6.6 6.6 6.5 6.6 6.8 7.0 Supplemental pay ............................... 1.3 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.8 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.3 Insurance ............................................ 6.2 6.5 6.8 7.0 6.7 6.3 5.8 5.9 5.9 6.0 6.2 Retirement and savings ...................... 4.5 4.4 4.4 4.3 4.0 4.2 4.0 3.8 3.7 3.6 3.4 Legally required benefits .................... 7.5 7.5 7.6 7.6 7.8 7.7 7.6 7.5 7.4 7.3 7.3 Other benefits 2................................... 3() 3( ) .1 .1 .1 3( ) .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 1Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.2Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.

3Less than .05 percent.Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 37 - Table 7. Civilian workers, by occupational and industry group: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1991-2001 -- Continued Health services Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... $16.75 $17.05 $17.55 $17.99 $18.01 $18.34 $18.58 $19.25 $19.44 $22.05 $23.75 Wages and salaries ................................ 12.00 12.22 12.66 12.95 13.00 13.21 13.55 14.11 14.30 16.17 17.26 Total benefits .......................................... 4.76 4.83 4.88 5.04 5.00 5.12 5.03 5.14 5.14 5.87 6.50 Paid leave ........................................... 1.52 1.47 1.36 1.36 1.36 1.39 1.44 1.47 1.47 1.88 2.01 Supplemental pay ............................... .41 .43 .44 .44 .47 .45 .43 .47 .44 .44 .45 Insurance ............................................ .99 1.07 1.16 1.23 1.18 1.20 1.08 1.13 1.13 1.27 1.48 Retirement and savings ...................... .50 .43 .49 .51 .48 .56 .57 .55 .54 .61 .72 Legally required benefits .................... 1.33 1.42 1.42 1.48 1.50 1.51 1.50 1.52 1.55 1.66 1.83 Other benefits 2................................... 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() Percent of total compensation by year 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ 71.6 71.7 72.2 72.0 72.2 72.1 72.9 73.3 73.6 73.3 72.7 Total benefits .......................................... 28.4 28.3 27.8 28.0 27.8 27.9 27.1 26.7 26.4 26.6 27.4 Paid leave ........................................... 9.1 8.6 7.8 7.6 7.5 7.6 7.8 7.6 7.6 8.5 8.5 Supplemental pay ............................... 2.4 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.6 2.4 2.3 2.4 2.3 2.0 1.9 Insurance ............................................ 5.9 6.3 6.6 6.8 6.6 6.5 5.8 5.9 5.8 5.8 6.2 Retirement and savings ...................... 3.0 2.5 2.8 2.8 2.7 3.1 3.1 2.9 2.8 2.8 3.0 Legally required benefits .................... 8.0 8.3 8.1 8.3 8.4 8.2 8.1 7.9 8.0 7.5 7.7 Other benefits 2................................... 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 1Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.2Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.

3Less than .05 percent.Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 38 - Table 7. Civilian workers, by occupational and industry group: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1991-2001 -- Continued Hospitals Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... $18.63 $19.68 $19.74 $20.57 $21.14 $21.71 $21.79 $22.29 $22.90 $23.79 $25.31 Wages and salaries ................................ 13.12 13.78 13.83 14.37 14.83 15.10 15.28 15.76 16.15 16.77 17.75 Total benefits .......................................... 5.51 5.90 5.91 6.20 6.31 6.61 6.52 6.53 6.75 7.03 7.57 Paid leave ........................................... 1.72 1.82 1.69 1.75 1.81 1.91 1.93 1.95 2.04 2.09 2.22 Supplemental pay ............................... .62 .64 .60 .62 .64 .68 .67 .66 .65 .65 .65 Insurance ............................................ 1.22 1.37 1.54 1.63 1.62 1.65 1.55 1.52 1.63 1.77 1.88 Retirement and savings ...................... .52 .53 .56 .60 .62 .71 .68 .69 .70 .71 .82 Legally required benefits .................... 1.42 1.53 1.51 1.58 1.60 1.64 1.66 1.68 1.72 1.80 1.99 Other benefits 2................................... 1() 1() 1( ) .02 .02 .02 1( ) .02 1() 1( ) .02 Percent of total compensation by year 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ 70.4 70.0 70.0 69.8 70.2 69.6 70.1 70.7 70.5 70.5 70.1 Total benefits .......................................... 29.6 30.0 30.0 30.2 29.8 30.4 29.9 29.3 29.5 29.6 29.9 Paid leave ........................................... 9.2 9.3 8.6 8.5 8.6 8.8 8.9 8.7 8.9 8.8 8.8 Supplemental pay ............................... 3.3 3.3 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.1 3.1 3.0 2.8 2.7 2.6 Insurance ............................................ 6.6 6.9 7.8 7.9 7.7 7.6 7.1 6.8 7.1 7.4 7.4 Retirement and savings ...................... 2.8 2.7 2.8 2.9 2.9 3.3 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.0 3.2 Legally required benefits .................... 7.6 7.8 7.7 7.7 7.6 7.6 7.6 7.5 7.5 7.6 7.9 Other benefits 2................................... 3() 3() 3( ) .1 .1 .1 3() .1 3() 3() .1 1Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.2Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.

3Less than .05 percent.Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 39 - Table 7. Civilian workers, by occupational and industry group: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1991-2001 -- Continued Educational services Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... $24.58 $25.73 $26.87 $27.73 $26.64 $27.70 $28.57 $29.40 $30.13 $31.03 $32.09 Wages and salaries ................................ 18.01 18.80 19.56 20.19 19.50 20.34 21.03 21.73 22.34 23.03 23.83 Total benefits .......................................... 6.57 6.94 7.32 7.54 7.14 7.37 7.54 7.67 7.79 8.00 8.27 Paid leave ........................................... 1.48 1.57 1.63 1.69 1.65 1.73 1.77 1.83 1.88 1.94 2.05 Supplemental pay ............................... .09 .08 .08 .06 .08 .09 .09 .10 .09 .10 .11 Insurance ............................................ 1.70 1.91 2.09 2.21 1.98 2.02 2.04 2.09 2.19 2.33 2.49 Retirement and savings ...................... 1.88 1.89 1.95 1.97 1.76 1.85 1.90 1.89 1.83 1.80 1.70 Legally required benefits .................... 1.40 1.46 1.53 1.57 1.64 1.65 1.70 1.72 1.75 1.79 1.87 Other benefits 1................................... .02 .03 .03 .03 .02 .03 .04 .04 .05 .05 .05 Percent of total compensation by year 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ 73.3 73.0 72.8 72.8 73.2 73.4 73.6 73.9 74.1 74.2 74.3 Total benefits .......................................... 26.7 27.0 27.2 27.2 26.8 26.6 26.4 26.1 25.9 25.8 25.8 Paid leave ........................................... 6.0 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.3 6.4 Supplemental pay ............................... .4 .3 .3 .2 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 Insurance ............................................ 6.9 7.4 7.8 8.0 7.4 7.3 7.1 7.1 7.3 7.5 7.8 Retirement and savings ...................... 7.6 7.4 7.3 7.1 6.6 6.7 6.6 6.4 6.1 5.8 5.3 Legally required benefits .................... 5.7 5.7 5.7 5.7 6.2 6.0 6.0 5.9 5.8 5.8 5.8 Other benefits 1................................... .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .2 .2 .2 1Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 40 - Table 7. Civilian workers, by occupational and industry group: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1991-2001 -- Continued Elementary and secondary education Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... $25.03 $26.07 $27.24 $28.10 $26.37 $27.33 $28.26 $28.82 $29.52 $30.46 $31.29 Wages and salaries ................................ 18.29 18.97 19.78 20.40 19.36 20.12 20.84 21.38 21.88 22.63 23.29 Total benefits .......................................... 6.74 7.11 7.46 7.70 7.01 7.21 7.43 7.45 7.63 7.83 7.99 Paid leave ........................................... 1.40 1.48 1.54 1.60 1.48 1.53 1.58 1.61 1.66 1.71 1.81 Supplemental pay ............................... .08 .08 .08 .04 .06 .06 .06 .07 .07 .07 .08 Insurance ............................................ 1.84 2.07 2.25 2.39 2.10 2.16 2.21 2.25 2.37 2.51 2.68 Retirement and savings ...................... 2.05 2.03 2.09 2.11 1.79 1.88 1.91 1.83 1.84 1.80 1.64 Legally required benefits .................... 1.34 1.41 1.47 1.51 1.56 1.54 1.61 1.62 1.63 1.67 1.71 Other benefits 1................................... .03 .04 .04 .04 .03 .04 .06 .06 .06 .07 .08 Percent of total compensation by year 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ 73.1 72.7 72.6 72.6 73.4 73.6 73.7 74.2 74.1 74.3 74.4 Total benefits .......................................... 26.9 27.3 27.4 27.4 26.6 26.4 26.3 25.9 25.8 25.7 25.5 Paid leave ........................................... 5.6 5.7 5.7 5.7 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.8 Supplemental pay ............................... .3 .3 .3 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .3 Insurance ............................................ 7.3 8.0 8.3 8.5 7.9 7.9 7.8 7.8 8.0 8.2 8.6 Retirement and savings ...................... 8.2 7.8 7.7 7.5 6.8 6.9 6.7 6.3 6.2 5.9 5.2 Legally required benefits .................... 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.9 5.7 5.7 5.6 5.5 5.5 5.5 Other benefits 1................................... .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .2 .2 .2 .2 .3 1Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 41 - Table 7. Civilian workers, by occupational and industry group: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1991-2001 -- Continued Higher education Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... $24.74 $26.23 $27.39 $28.14 $28.11 $29.29 $30.18 $31.46 $32.39 $33.40 $34.65 Wages and salaries ................................ 18.22 19.30 20.02 20.60 20.43 21.38 22.14 23.10 23.99 24.71 25.54 Total benefits .......................................... 6.52 6.93 7.37 7.54 7.68 7.91 8.04 8.36 8.40 8.68 9.11 Paid leave ........................................... 1.69 1.80 1.86 1.91 2.05 2.13 2.17 2.29 2.38 2.46 2.58 Supplemental pay ............................... .11 .10 .10 .11 .12 .15 .15 .15 .14 .14 .15 Insurance ............................................ 1.51 1.68 1.91 1.97 1.85 1.83 1.80 1.85 1.94 2.07 2.28 Retirement and savings ...................... 1.65 1.74 1.81 1.83 1.83 1.92 2.01 2.10 1.92 1.94 1.94 Legally required benefits .................... 1.55 1.61 1.68 1.72 1.82 1.88 1.91 1.96 2.02 2.06 2.15 Other benefits 2................................... 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() Percent of total compensation by year 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ 73.7 73.6 73.1 73.2 72.7 73.0 73.4 73.4 74.1 74.0 73.7 Total benefits .......................................... 26.3 26.4 26.9 26.8 27.3 27.0 26.6 26.6 25.9 26.0 26.3 Paid leave ........................................... 6.8 6.8 6.8 6.8 7.3 7.3 7.2 7.3 7.3 7.4 7.4 Supplemental pay ............................... .5 .4 .4 .4 .4 .5 .5 .5 .4 .4 .4 Insurance ............................................ 6.1 6.4 7.0 7.0 6.6 6.2 6.0 5.9 6.0 6.2 6.6 Retirement and savings ...................... 6.7 6.6 6.6 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.7 6.7 5.9 5.8 5.6 Legally required benefits .................... 6.3 6.1 6.2 6.1 6.5 6.4 6.3 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.2 Other benefits 2................................... 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 1Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.2Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.

3Less than .05 percent.Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 42 - Table 8. State and local government workers, by occupational and industry group: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1991-2001 Professional specialty and technical occupations Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... $21.06 $31.50 $32.91 $34.04 $32.63 $33.81 $34.92 $35.76 $36.67 $38.15 $39.26 Wages and salaries ................................ 13.13 23.10 24.07 24.90 23.91 24.86 25.78 26.54 27.30 28.48 29.35 Total benefits .......................................... 7.93 8.40 8.83 9.15 8.72 8.95 9.14 9.22 9.36 9.67 9.92 Paid leave ........................................... 2.11 1.87 1.95 2.03 2.01 2.07 2.12 2.15 2.21 2.30 2.39 Supplemental pay ............................... .63 .16 .16 .13 .15 .16 .15 .16 .15 .15 .16 Insurance ............................................ 1.48 2.14 2.37 2.52 2.27 2.32 2.33 2.41 2.51 2.68 2.88 Retirement and savings ...................... 2.38 2.48 2.54 2.60 2.32 2.44 2.49 2.45 2.41 2.37 2.19 Legally required benefits .................... 1.31 1.71 1.77 1.83 1.93 1.92 1.99 2.00 2.02 2.10 2.22 Other benefits 1................................... .03 .04 .04 .04 .04 .04 .06 .06 .07 .07 .08 Percent of total compensation by year 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ 62.3 73.3 73.2 73.1 73.3 73.5 73.8 74.2 74.4 74.7 74.8 Total benefits .......................................... 37.7 26.7 26.8 26.9 26.7 26.5 26.2 25.8 25.5 25.3 25.3 Paid leave ........................................... 10.0 5.9 5.9 6.0 6.2 6.1 6.1 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.1 Supplemental pay ............................... 3.0 .5 .5 .4 .5 .5 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 Insurance ............................................ 7.0 6.8 7.2 7.4 6.9 6.9 6.7 6.7 6.8 7.0 7.3 Retirement and savings ...................... 11.3 7.9 7.7 7.6 7.1 7.2 7.1 6.9 6.6 6.2 5.6 Legally required benefits .................... 6.2 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.9 5.7 5.7 5.6 5.5 5.5 5.7 Other benefits 1................................... .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 1Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 43 - Table 8. State and local government workers, by occupational and industry group: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1991-2001 -- Continued Professional specialty occupations Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... $20.11 – – $35.31 $33.88 $35.14 $36.25 $37.14 $38.03 $39.41 $40.59 Wages and salaries ................................ 13.32 – – 25.93 24.95 25.97 26.89 27.70 28.45 29.55 30.47 Total benefits .......................................... 6.79 – – 9.38 8.93 9.17 9.36 9.44 9.58 9.86 10.12 Paid leave ........................................... 2.02 – – 2.04 2.02 2.08 2.13 2.16 2.22 2.31 2.40 Supplemental pay ............................... .26 – – .10 .13 .13 .13 .14 .13 .13 .14 Insurance ............................................ 1.41 – – 2.60 2.33 2.39 2.40 2.47 2.58 2.75 2.96 Retirement and savings ...................... 1.81 – – 2.72 2.41 2.55 2.59 2.54 2.51 2.46 2.27 Legally required benefits .................... 1.26 – – 1.88 1.99 1.98 2.05 2.05 2.07 2.13 2.27 Other benefits 1................................... .02 – – .05 .04 .04 .06 .07 .07 .07 .08 Percent of total compensation by year 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... 100.0 – – 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ 66.2 – – 73.4 73.6 73.9 74.2 74.6 74.8 75.0 75.1 Total benefits .......................................... 33.8 – – 26.6 26.4 26.1 25.8 25.4 25.2 25.0 24.9 Paid leave ........................................... 10.0 – – 5.8 6.0 5.9 5.9 5.8 5.8 5.9 5.9 Supplemental pay ............................... 1.3 – – .3 .4 .4 .4 .4 .3 .3 .3 Insurance ............................................ 7.0 – – 7.4 6.9 6.8 6.6 6.7 6.8 7.0 7.3 Retirement and savings ...................... 9.0 – – 7.7 7.1 7.2 7.1 6.8 6.6 6.2 5.6 Legally required benefits .................... 6.3 – – 5.3 5.9 5.6 5.7 5.5 5.4 5.4 5.6 Other benefits 1................................... .1 – – .1 .1 .1 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 1Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.

– Data not available.Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 44 - Table 8. State and local government workers, by occupational and industry group: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1991 1-2001 -- Continued Teachers Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... – – – $37.22 $36.30 $37.56 $38.86 $39.88 $40.83 $42.18 $43.38 Wages and salaries ................................ – – – 27.77 27.11 28.14 29.20 30.13 30.94 32.02 33.03 Total benefits .......................................... – – – 9.45 9.19 9.43 9.66 9.75 9.89 10.16 10.35 Paid leave ........................................... – – – 1.78 1.82 1.92 1.97 2.01 2.08 2.18 2.28 Supplemental pay ............................... – – – .04 .07 .06 .06 .07 .06 .07 .08 Insurance ............................................ – – – 2.72 2.46 2.52 2.54 2.62 2.73 2.90 3.10 Retirement and savings ...................... – – – 2.97 2.73 2.84 2.89 2.84 2.80 2.74 2.53 Legally required benefits .................... – – – 1.90 2.07 2.05 2.13 2.14 2.14 2.20 2.27 Other benefits 2................................... – – – .04 .04 .05 .07 .08 .08 .09 .10 Percent of total compensation by year 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... – – – 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ – – – 74.6 74.7 74.9 75.1 75.6 75.8 75.9 76.1 Total benefits .......................................... – – – 25.4 25.3 25.1 24.9 24.4 24.2 24.1 23.9 Paid leave ........................................... – – – 4.8 5.0 5.1 5.1 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 Supplemental pay ............................... – – – .1 .2 .2 .1 .2 .1 .2 .2 Insurance ............................................ – – – 7.3 6.8 6.7 6.5 6.6 6.7 6.9 7.1 Retirement and savings ...................... – – – 8.0 7.5 7.6 7.4 7.1 6.9 6.5 5.8 Legally required benefits .................... – – – 5.1 5.7 5.4 5.5 5.4 5.2 5.2 5.2 Other benefits 2................................... – – – .1 .1 .1 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 1This series began in 1994.2Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.

– Data not available.Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 45 - Table 8. State and local government workers, by occupational and industry group: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1991 1-2001 -- Continued Technical occupations Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... – – –––––$22.02 $22.88 $24.76 $25.32 Wages and salaries ................................ – – –––––14.95 15.70 17.08 17.53 Total benefits .......................................... – – –––––7.06 7.17 7.68 7.79 Paid leave ........................................... – – –––––2.03 2.14 2.25 2.28 Supplemental pay ............................... – – ––––– .36.35.40.40 Insurance ............................................ – – –––––1.73 1.76 1.92 2.03 Retirement and savings ...................... – – –––––1.50 1.36 1.38 1.36 Legally required benefits .................... – – –––––1.41 1.54 1.70 1.68 Other benefits 2................................... – – ––––– .03.03.04.04 Percent of total compensation by year 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... – – –––––100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ – – –––––67.9 68.6 69.0 69.2 Total benefits .......................................... – – –––––32.1 31.3 31.0 30.8 Paid leave ........................................... – – ––––– 9.29.49.19.0 Supplemental pay ............................... – – ––––– 1.61.51.61.6 Insurance ............................................ – – ––––– 7.97.77.88.0 Retirement and savings ...................... – – ––––– 6.85.95.65.4 Legally required benefits .................... – – ––––– 6.46.76.96.6 Other benefits 2................................... – – ––––– .1.1.2.2 1This series began in 1998.2Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.

– Data not available.Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 46 - Table 8. State and local government workers, by occupational and industry group: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1991-2001 -- Continued Executive, administrative, and managerial occupations Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... $28.36 $29.86 $30.66 $31.81 $32.02 $32.81 $33.78 $34.50 $35.08 $36.20 $37.42 Wages and salaries ................................ 19.66 20.84 21.26 22.04 22.08 22.72 23.43 24.01 24.58 25.44 26.31 Total benefits .......................................... 8.70 9.02 9.39 9.77 9.94 10.09 10.35 10.49 10.51 10.76 11.12 Paid leave ........................................... 2.85 2.98 3.07 3.19 3.28 3.29 3.40 3.47 3.52 3.64 3.76 Supplemental pay ............................... .12 .14 .15 .15 .18 .18 .18 .17 .17 .18 .19 Insurance ............................................ 1.65 1.81 2.02 2.20 2.25 2.25 2.24 2.33 2.42 2.60 2.88 Retirement and savings ...................... 2.36 2.31 2.35 2.37 2.26 2.40 2.48 2.47 2.37 2.23 2.10 Legally required benefits .................... 1.70 1.76 1.80 1.85 1.97 1.96 2.03 2.03 2.02 2.07 2.15 Other benefits 2................................... .02 .02 .02 .02 1() 1() 1() 1() 1( ) .03 .03 Percent of total compensation by year 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ 69.3 69.8 69.4 69.3 69.0 69.2 69.4 69.6 70.1 70.3 70.3 Total benefits .......................................... 30.7 30.2 30.6 30.7 31.0 30.8 30.6 30.4 30.0 29.7 29.7 Paid leave ........................................... 10.1 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.2 10.0 10.1 10.1 10.0 10.1 10.0 Supplemental pay ............................... .4 .5 .5 .5 .6 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 Insurance ............................................ 5.8 6.1 6.6 6.9 7.0 6.8 6.6 6.8 6.9 7.2 7.7 Retirement and savings ...................... 8.3 7.7 7.7 7.4 7.1 7.3 7.3 7.2 6.8 6.2 5.6 Legally required benefits .................... 6.0 5.9 5.9 5.8 6.1 6.0 6.0 5.9 5.8 5.7 5.7 Other benefits 2................................... .1 .1 .1 .1 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() .1 1Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.2Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.

3Less than .05 percent.Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 47 - Table 8. State and local government workers, by occupational and industry group: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1991-2001 -- Continued Administrative support, including clerical occupations Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... $14.37 $15.03 $15.59 $16.10 $15.99 $16.55 $17.04 $17.48 $17.88 $18.52 $19.27 Wages and salaries ................................ 9.54 9.90 10.18 10.53 10.59 10.93 11.28 11.60 11.91 12.38 12.88 Total benefits .......................................... 4.82 5.13 5.41 5.58 5.40 5.61 5.76 5.88 5.97 6.14 6.39 Paid leave ........................................... 1.33 1.41 1.44 1.50 1.47 1.51 1.55 1.59 1.63 1.70 1.76 Supplemental pay ............................... .09 .09 .09 .09 .09 .09 .09 .09 .10 .10 .11 Insurance ............................................ 1.46 1.68 1.85 1.94 1.84 1.92 1.93 1.98 2.02 2.14 2.32 Retirement and savings ...................... 1.03 .99 1.01 1.01 .95 1.04 1.09 1.10 1.09 1.04 .99 Legally required benefits .................... .90 .95 .99 1.02 1.03 1.05 1.08 1.10 1.11 1.14 1.19 Other benefits 2................................... 1() 1( ) .02 1() 1() 1( ) .02 .02 .02 .03 .03 Percent of total compensation by year 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ 66.4 65.9 65.3 65.4 66.2 66.1 66.2 66.4 66.6 66.8 66.8 Total benefits .......................................... 33.6 34.1 34.7 34.6 33.8 33.9 33.8 33.6 33.4 33.2 33.2 Paid leave ........................................... 9.2 9.4 9.3 9.3 9.2 9.1 9.1 9.1 9.1 9.2 9.1 Supplemental pay ............................... .6 .6 .6 .6 .5 .5 .5 .5 .6 .5 .6 Insurance ............................................ 10.2 11.2 11.9 12.1 11.5 11.6 11.3 11.3 11.3 11.6 12.0 Retirement and savings ...................... 7.2 6.6 6.5 6.3 5.9 6.3 6.4 6.3 6.1 5.6 5.1 Legally required benefits .................... 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.4 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.2 6.2 6.2 Other benefits 2................................... 3() 3() .1 3() 3() 3( ) .1 .1 .1 .2 .2 1Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.2Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.

3Less than .05 percent.Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 48 - Table 8. State and local government workers, by occupational and industry group: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1991-2001 -- Continued Blue-collar occupations Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... $17.66 $18.06 $18.78 $19.42 $20.12 $20.88 $21.50 $22.08 $21.94 $22.78 $23.44 Wages and salaries ................................ 11.39 11.69 12.13 12.49 12.99 13.56 13.93 14.38 14.47 15.05 15.49 Total benefits .......................................... 6.27 6.38 6.65 6.93 7.13 7.32 7.57 7.70 7.47 7.72 7.95 Paid leave ........................................... 1.61 1.67 1.71 1.78 1.92 1.95 2.03 2.09 2.09 2.18 2.25 Supplemental pay ............................... .35 .34 .35 .36 .36 .36 .38 .39 .34 .36 .37 Insurance ............................................ 1.56 1.70 1.84 1.94 1.93 1.97 2.03 2.06 2.09 2.28 2.45 Retirement and savings ...................... 1.35 1.26 1.32 1.34 1.39 1.51 1.58 1.58 1.41 1.31 1.28 Legally required benefits .................... 1.38 1.39 1.42 1.49 1.51 1.50 1.53 1.56 1.53 1.57 1.57 Other benefits 2................................... 1( ) .02 1( ) .02 .02 .03 .03 .03 .02 .03 .03 Percent of total compensation by year 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ 64.5 64.7 64.6 64.3 64.6 64.9 64.8 65.1 66.0 66.1 66.1 Total benefits .......................................... 35.5 35.3 35.4 35.7 35.4 35.1 35.2 34.9 34.0 33.9 33.9 Paid leave ........................................... 9.1 9.2 9.1 9.2 9.6 9.3 9.4 9.5 9.5 9.6 9.6 Supplemental pay ............................... 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.5 1.6 1.6 Insurance ............................................ 8.8 9.4 9.8 10.0 9.6 9.4 9.4 9.3 9.5 10.0 10.5 Retirement and savings ...................... 7.6 7.0 7.0 6.9 6.9 7.2 7.3 7.2 6.4 5.8 5.5 Legally required benefits .................... 7.8 7.7 7.6 7.7 7.5 7.2 7.1 7.1 7.0 6.9 6.7 Other benefits 2................................... 3() .1 3( ) .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 1Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.2Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.

3Less than .05 percent.Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 49 - Table 8. State and local government workers, by occupational and industry group: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1991-2001 -- Continued Health services Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... $17.87 $18.42 $19.31 $20.03 $21.11 $21.86 $21.99 $22.20 $22.95 $23.74 $24.52 Wages and salaries ................................ 12.03 12.45 12.91 13.37 14.13 14.49 14.67 14.95 15.52 16.03 16.22 Total benefits .......................................... 5.84 5.98 6.41 6.65 6.98 7.37 7.32 7.25 7.43 7.70 8.29 Paid leave ........................................... 1.82 1.90 1.97 2.05 2.16 2.26 2.28 2.26 2.35 2.40 2.42 Supplemental pay ............................... .45 .49 .50 .52 .51 .57 .58 .57 .58 .60 .61 Insurance ............................................ 1.26 1.32 1.56 1.60 1.71 1.79 1.71 1.72 1.72 1.91 2.02 Retirement and savings ...................... 1.09 .98 1.02 1.08 1.08 1.18 1.14 1.10 1.15 1.08 1.09 Legally required benefits .................... 1.20 1.27 1.33 1.39 1.50 1.56 1.59 1.57 1.60 1.68 2.12 Other benefits 2................................... 1( ) .02 .02 .02 .02 .02 .03 .03 .03 .04 .04 Percent of total compensation by year 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ 67.3 67.6 66.8 66.8 66.9 66.3 66.7 67.3 67.6 67.5 66.2 Total benefits .......................................... 32.7 32.4 33.2 33.2 33.1 33.7 33.3 32.7 32.4 32.4 33.8 Paid leave ........................................... 10.2 10.3 10.2 10.2 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.2 10.2 10.1 9.9 Supplemental pay ............................... 2.5 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.4 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.5 2.5 Insurance ............................................ 7.1 7.1 8.1 8.0 8.1 8.2 7.8 7.7 7.5 8.0 8.2 Retirement and savings ...................... 6.1 5.3 5.3 5.4 5.1 5.4 5.2 5.0 5.0 4.5 4.4 Legally required benefits .................... 6.7 6.9 6.9 7.0 7.1 7.1 7.2 7.1 7.0 7.1 8.6 Other benefits 2................................... 3( ) .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .2 .2 1Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.2Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.

3Less than .05 percent.Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 50 - Table 8. State and local government workers, by occupational and industry group: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1991-2001 -- Continued Hospitals Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... $18.17 $18.80 $19.60 $20.28 $21.42 $22.29 $22.53 $22.81 $23.48 $24.31 $25.10 Wages and salaries ................................ 12.32 12.77 13.20 13.64 14.46 14.88 15.10 15.43 15.89 16.42 16.62 Total benefits .......................................... 5.85 6.02 6.40 6.64 6.96 7.41 7.43 7.38 7.59 7.88 8.49 Paid leave ........................................... 1.86 1.94 2.01 2.08 2.20 2.32 2.35 2.35 2.41 2.47 2.48 Supplemental pay ............................... .45 .48 .49 .50 .49 .55 .56 .55 .58 .59 .60 Insurance ............................................ 1.22 1.31 1.53 1.56 1.65 1.74 1.68 1.70 1.75 1.96 2.03 Retirement and savings ...................... 1.08 .98 1.02 1.07 1.09 1.21 1.19 1.14 1.19 1.11 1.13 Legally required benefits .................... 1.21 1.29 1.34 1.41 1.51 1.56 1.62 1.61 1.63 1.71 2.21 Other benefits 1................................... .02 .02 .02 .02 .02 .03 .03 .03 .03 .04 .04 Percent of total compensation by year 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ 67.8 68.0 67.3 67.3 67.5 66.8 67.0 67.6 67.7 67.5 66.2 Total benefits .......................................... 32.2 32.0 32.7 32.7 32.5 33.2 33.0 32.4 32.3 32.4 33.8 Paid leave ........................................... 10.2 10.3 10.2 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.4 10.3 10.3 10.2 9.9 Supplemental pay ............................... 2.5 2.6 2.5 2.5 2.3 2.5 2.5 2.4 2.5 2.4 2.4 Insurance ............................................ 6.7 7.0 7.8 7.7 7.7 7.8 7.5 7.5 7.5 8.1 8.1 Retirement and savings ...................... 6.0 5.2 5.2 5.3 5.1 5.4 5.3 5.0 5.1 4.6 4.5 Legally required benefits .................... 6.7 6.9 6.8 7.0 7.1 7.0 7.2 7.1 6.9 7.0 8.8 Other benefits 1................................... .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .2 .2 1Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 51 - Table 8. State and local government workers, by occupational and industry group: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1991-2001 -- Continued Educational services Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... $25.40 $26.55 $27.68 $28.60 $27.09 $28.21 $29.21 $29.97 $30.67 $31.86 $32.99 Wages and salaries ................................ 18.45 19.25 20.00 20.67 19.67 20.59 21.37 22.03 22.64 23.54 24.44 Total benefits .......................................... 6.94 7.30 7.68 7.93 7.41 7.62 7.84 7.93 8.03 8.32 8.55 Paid leave ........................................... 1.53 1.63 1.69 1.75 1.70 1.74 1.79 1.84 1.89 1.97 2.07 Supplemental pay ............................... .10 .09 .09 .07 .08 .09 .09 .09 .09 .09 .11 Insurance ............................................ 1.83 2.04 2.24 2.37 2.09 2.13 2.17 2.23 2.34 2.50 2.68 Retirement and savings ...................... 2.10 2.09 2.15 2.17 1.91 2.03 2.09 2.06 1.98 1.96 1.83 Legally required benefits .................... 1.37 1.43 1.49 1.54 1.60 1.60 1.66 1.67 1.68 1.74 1.80 Other benefits 1................................... .02 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .05 .05 .05 .06 .06 Percent of total compensation by year 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ 72.7 72.5 72.2 72.3 72.6 73.0 73.2 73.5 73.8 73.9 74.1 Total benefits .......................................... 27.3 27.5 27.8 27.7 27.4 27.0 26.8 26.5 26.2 26.1 25.9 Paid leave ........................................... 6.0 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.3 6.2 6.1 6.1 6.2 6.2 6.3 Supplemental pay ............................... .4 .3 .3 .2 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 Insurance ............................................ 7.2 7.7 8.1 8.3 7.7 7.6 7.4 7.4 7.6 7.8 8.1 Retirement and savings ...................... 8.3 7.9 7.8 7.6 7.1 7.2 7.1 6.9 6.5 6.2 5.5 Legally required benefits .................... 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.9 5.7 5.7 5.6 5.5 5.5 5.5 Other benefits 1................................... .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 1Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 52 - Table 8. State and local government workers, by occupational and industry group: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1991-2001 -- Continued Elementary and secondary education Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... $25.70 $26.73 $27.88 $28.78 $26.89 $28.04 $28.94 $29.57 $30.25 $31.23 $32.06 Wages and salaries ................................ 18.72 19.38 20.18 20.82 19.67 20.58 21.29 21.88 22.38 23.13 23.83 Total benefits .......................................... 6.98 7.35 7.70 7.96 7.22 7.45 7.66 7.68 7.87 8.10 8.23 Paid leave ........................................... 1.45 1.53 1.59 1.65 1.52 1.59 1.63 1.67 1.71 1.77 1.83 Supplemental pay ............................... .08 .08 .08 .05 .06 .06 .06 .06 .06 .07 .08 Insurance ............................................ 1.89 2.14 2.32 2.48 2.16 2.23 2.28 2.34 2.46 2.62 2.81 Retirement and savings ...................... 2.18 2.16 2.21 2.23 1.89 1.99 2.02 1.94 1.96 1.91 1.73 Legally required benefits .................... 1.35 1.41 1.46 1.51 1.56 1.55 1.61 1.61 1.61 1.66 1.70 Other benefits 1................................... .03 .04 .04 .05 .03 .04 .06 .06 .07 .07 .08 Percent of total compensation by year 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ 72.8 72.5 72.4 72.4 73.2 73.4 73.5 74.0 74.0 74.1 74.3 Total benefits .......................................... 27.2 27.5 27.6 27.6 26.8 26.6 26.5 26.0 26.0 25.9 25.7 Paid leave ........................................... 5.6 5.7 5.7 5.7 5.7 5.7 5.6 5.6 5.7 5.7 5.7 Supplemental pay ............................... .3 .3 .3 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 Insurance ............................................ 7.4 8.0 8.3 8.6 8.0 8.0 7.9 7.9 8.1 8.4 8.8 Retirement and savings ...................... 8.5 8.1 7.9 7.8 7.0 7.1 7.0 6.6 6.5 6.1 5.4 Legally required benefits .................... 5.2 5.3 5.3 5.3 5.8 5.5 5.6 5.4 5.3 5.3 5.3 Other benefits 1................................... .1 .2 .1 .2 .1 .1 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 1Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 53 - Table 8. State and local government workers, by occupational and industry group: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1991-2001 -- Continued Higher education Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... $25.42 $26.95 $28.13 $28.94 $28.29 $29.25 $30.53 $31.53 $32.35 $34.18 $36.11 Wages and salaries ................................ 18.38 19.59 20.29 20.91 20.17 21.08 22.10 22.86 23.80 25.17 26.63 Total benefits .......................................... 7.03 7.36 7.84 8.03 8.12 8.17 8.43 8.66 8.55 9.00 9.48 Paid leave ........................................... 1.79 1.91 1.97 2.03 2.22 2.16 2.23 2.31 2.41 2.52 2.69 Supplemental pay ............................... .15 .12 .12 .13 .15 .17 .17 .17 .16 .17 .18 Insurance ............................................ 1.67 1.82 2.07 2.15 1.93 1.89 1.90 1.94 2.01 2.18 2.40 Retirement and savings ...................... 1.94 1.96 2.06 2.07 2.04 2.17 2.31 2.39 2.08 2.14 2.11 Legally required benefits .................... 1.49 1.54 1.61 1.65 1.77 1.77 1.81 1.85 1.89 1.98 2.09 Other benefits 2................................... 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() Percent of total compensation by year 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ 72.3 72.7 72.1 72.3 71.3 72.1 72.4 72.5 73.6 73.6 73.7 Total benefits .......................................... 27.7 27.3 27.9 27.7 28.7 27.9 27.6 27.5 26.4 26.3 26.3 Paid leave ........................................... 7.0 7.1 7.0 7.0 7.9 7.4 7.3 7.3 7.4 7.4 7.4 Supplemental pay ............................... .6 .4 .4 .4 .5 .6 .6 .5 .5 .5 .5 Insurance ............................................ 6.6 6.8 7.4 7.4 6.8 6.5 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.4 6.6 Retirement and savings ...................... 7.6 7.3 7.3 7.1 7.2 7.4 7.6 7.6 6.4 6.3 5.8 Legally required benefits .................... 5.9 5.7 5.7 5.7 6.2 6.1 5.9 5.9 5.8 5.8 5.8 Other benefits 2................................... 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 1Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.2Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.

3Less than .05 percent.Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 54 - Table 8. State and local government workers, by occupational and industry group: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1991-2001 -- Continued Public administration Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... $20.11 $20.76 $21.35 $22.11 $22.82 $23.39 $24.07 $24.73 $25.39 $26.26 $27.19 Wages and salaries ................................ 13.32 13.69 14.02 14.47 14.94 15.24 15.73 16.24 16.78 17.47 18.14 Total benefits .......................................... 6.79 7.07 7.33 7.64 7.89 8.15 8.33 8.49 8.61 8.79 9.05 Paid leave ........................................... 2.02 2.03 2.10 2.19 2.27 2.31 2.40 2.46 2.53 2.65 2.72 Supplemental pay ............................... .26 .28 .28 .29 .31 .31 .33 .34 .37 .38 .40 Insurance ............................................ 1.41 1.64 1.79 1.90 1.97 2.01 1.99 2.05 2.10 2.25 2.45 Retirement and savings ...................... 1.81 1.77 1.80 1.86 1.88 2.03 2.10 2.10 2.03 1.88 1.77 Legally required benefits .................... 1.26 1.32 1.32 1.37 1.43 1.46 1.49 1.52 1.55 1.59 1.66 Other benefits 1................................... .02 .02 .03 .02 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .05 .05 Percent of total compensation by year 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ 66.2 66.0 65.7 65.5 65.5 65.1 65.4 65.7 66.1 66.5 66.7 Total benefits .......................................... 33.8 34.0 34.3 34.5 34.5 34.9 34.6 34.3 33.9 33.5 33.3 Paid leave ........................................... 10.0 9.8 9.8 9.9 10.0 9.9 10.0 9.9 10.0 10.1 10.0 Supplemental pay ............................... 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.5 Insurance ............................................ 7.0 7.9 8.4 8.6 8.6 8.6 8.3 8.3 8.3 8.6 9.0 Retirement and savings ...................... 9.0 8.5 8.4 8.4 8.2 8.7 8.7 8.5 8.0 7.2 6.5 Legally required benefits .................... 6.3 6.4 6.2 6.2 6.3 6.2 6.2 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.1 Other benefits 1................................... .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .2 .2 1Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 55 - Table 9. Private industry workers, by occupational and industry group: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1986-2001 Professional specialty and technical occupations Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... $19.72 $19.81 $20.85 $21.79 $23.27 $23.79 $25.20 $27.13 $27.66 $28.19 $29.19 $29.10 $29.54 $30.38 $32.68 $34.48 Wages and salaries ................................ 14.53 14.66 15.36 16.11 17.07 17.54 18.45 19.76 20.14 20.65 21.25 21.33 21.80 22.47 24.23 25.47 Total benefits .......................................... 5.19 5.15 5.49 5.67 6.20 6.24 6.75 7.37 7.52 7.54 7.94 7.77 7.75 7.91 8.46 9.01 Paid leave ........................................... 1.61 1.66 1.77 1.83 1.92 1.95 2.03 2.11 2.10 2.10 2.17 2.15 2.17 2.30 2.66 2.80 Supplemental pay ............................... .30 .32 .38 .37 .44 .40 .52 .59 .61 .63 .83 .87 .86 .67 .72 .77 Insurance ............................................ .97 .92 .98 1.14 1.29 1.35 1.51 1.69 1.74 1.67 1.64 1.47 1.50 1.60 1.68 1.80 Retirement and savings ...................... .94 .85 .81 .69 .80 .74 .73 .88 .91 .91 1.00 .95 .93 .99 .99 1.12 Legally required benefits .................... 1.36 1.40 1.52 1.63 1.74 1.79 1.93 2.07 2.11 2.17 2.25 2.27 2.24 2.31 2.36 2.48 Other benefits 2................................... .02 1( ) .02 .02 .02 .02 .02 .03 .05 .05 .05 .05 .04 .05 .05 .04 Percent of total compensation by year 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ 73.7 74.0 73.7 74.0 73.3 73.8 73.2 72.8 72.8 73.3 72.8 73.3 73.8 74.0 74.1 73.9 Total benefits .......................................... 26.3 26.0 26.3 26.0 26.7 26.2 26.8 27.2 27.2 26.7 27.2 26.7 26.2 26.0 25.9 26.1 Paid leave ........................................... 8.2 8.4 8.5 8.4 8.2 8.2 8.0 7.8 7.6 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.3 7.6 8.1 8.1 Supplemental pay ............................... 1.5 1.6 1.8 1.7 1.9 1.7 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.9 3.0 2.9 2.2 2.2 2.2 Insurance ............................................ 4.9 4.6 4.7 5.2 5.5 5.7 6.0 6.2 6.3 5.9 5.6 5.1 5.1 5.3 5.1 5.2 Retirement and savings ...................... 4.7 4.3 3.9 3.2 3.5 3.1 2.9 3.2 3.3 3.2 3.4 3.3 3.1 3.3 3.0 3.2 Legally required benefits .................... 6.9 7.0 7.3 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.7 7.6 7.6 7.7 7.7 7.8 7.6 7.6 7.2 7.2 Other benefits 2................................... .1 3( ) .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .2 .2 .2 .2 .1 .2 .2 .1 1Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.2Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.3Less than .05 percent.Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 56 - Table 9. Private industry workers, by occupational and industry group: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1986 1-2001 -- Continued Professional specialty occupations Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... ––––––––$29.25 $29.95 $30.80 $31.01 $31.60 $32.05 $35.30 $37.62 Wages and salaries ................................ ––––––––21.40 22.04 22.49 22.84 23.38 23.83 26.30 27.97 Total benefits .......................................... ––––––––7.85 7.91 8.31 8.17 8.21 8.22 8.99 9.65 Paid leave ........................................... ––––––––2.20 2.22 2.30 2.31 2.33 2.44 2.95 3.13 Supplemental pay ............................... –––––––– .67.68.95.99.94.69.72.79 Insurance ............................................ ––––––––1.75 1.71 1.68 1.50 1.55 1.64 1.74 1.82 Retirement and savings ...................... –––––––– .97.961.01 .96 .98 .99 1.04 1.22 Legally required benefits .................... ––––––––2.21 2.27 2.32 2.36 2.37 2.40 2.50 2.66 Other benefits 2................................... –––––––– .06.06.05.04.04.05.05.04 Percent of total compensation by year 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... ––––––––100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ ––––––––73.2 73.6 73.0 73.6 74.0 74.4 74.5 74.3 Total benefits .......................................... ––––––––26.8 26.4 27.0 26.4 26.0 25.6 25.5 25.7 Paid leave ........................................... –––––––– 7.57.47.57.47.47.68.48.3 Supplemental pay ............................... –––––––– 2.32.33.13.23.02.22.02.1 Insurance ............................................ –––––––– 6.05.75.44.84.95.14.94.8 Retirement and savings ...................... –––––––– 3.33.23.33.13.13.12.93.2 Legally required benefits .................... –––––––– 7.67.67.57.67.57.57.17.1 Other benefits 2................................... –––––––– .2.2.2.1.1.2.1.1 1This series began in 1994.2Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.

– Data not available.Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 57 - Table 9. Private industry workers, by occupational and industry group: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1986 1-2001 -- Continued Technical occupations Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... ––––––––$23.95 $23.76 $24.84 $24.15 $24.26 $26.16 $26.35 $27.20 Wages and salaries ................................ ––––––––17.19 17.15 17.90 17.43 17.72 19.02 19.19 19.68 Total benefits .......................................... ––––––––6.76 6.60 6.94 6.72 6.54 7.13 7.15 7.53 Paid leave ........................................... ––––––––1.89 1.78 1.83 1.76 1.76 1.92 1.96 2.06 Supplemental pay ............................... –––––––– .47.50.52.55.64.62.71.73 Insurance ............................................ ––––––––1.71 1.57 1.54 1.40 1.38 1.48 1.54 1.77 Retirement and savings ...................... –––––––– .78.79.97.93.80.97.86.87 Legally required benefits .................... ––––––––1.89 1.92 2.04 2.02 1.93 2.08 2.04 2.08 Other benefits 2................................... –––––––– .03.04.05.05.04.07.05.03 Percent of total compensation by year 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... ––––––––100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ ––––––––71.8 72.2 72.1 72.2 73.0 72.7 72.8 72.4 Total benefits .......................................... ––––––––28.2 27.8 27.9 27.8 27.0 27.3 27.1 27.7 Paid leave ........................................... –––––––– 7.97.57.47.37.37.37.47.6 Supplemental pay ............................... –––––––– 2.02.12.12.32.62.42.72.7 Insurance ............................................ –––––––– 7.16.66.25.85.75.75.86.5 Retirement and savings ...................... –––––––– 3.33.33.93.93.33.73.33.2 Legally required benefits .................... –––––––– 7.98.18.28.48.08.07.77.6 Other benefits 2................................... –––––––– .1.2.2.2.2.3.2.1 1This series began in 1994.2Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.

– Data not available.Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 58 - Table 9. Private industry workers, by occupational and industry group: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1986-2001 -- Continued Executive, administrative, and managerial occupations Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... $22.23 $23.81 $23.74 $25.22 $26.61 $28.15 $29.42 $30.45 $31.13 $32.43 $33.12 $32.98 $34.37 $35.20 $37.40 $40.86 Wages and salaries ................................ 16.82 17.86 17.69 18.75 19.65 20.85 21.62 22.14 22.50 23.36 24.07 24.17 25.02 25.47 27.31 29.50 Total benefits .......................................... 5.42 5.95 6.05 6.48 6.96 7.30 7.81 8.31 8.63 9.06 9.05 8.81 9.35 9.73 10.09 11.36 Paid leave ........................................... 1.86 1.99 2.07 2.24 2.30 2.43 2.56 2.55 2.59 2.67 2.80 2.77 2.89 2.95 3.08 3.45 Supplemental pay ............................... .40 .54 .46 .46 .61 .53 .60 .78 .84 1.11 .90 .89 1.16 1.35 1.41 1.65 Insurance ............................................ .87 .98 1.05 1.19 1.29 1.41 1.59 1.71 1.76 1.73 1.75 1.62 1.65 1.74 1.85 2.07 Retirement and savings ...................... .80 .88 .81 .82 .89 .90 .94 .94 .95 1.12 1.16 1.09 1.16 1.14 1.17 1.42 Legally required benefits .................... 1.47 1.55 1.64 1.74 1.85 1.99 2.08 2.20 2.33 2.37 2.38 2.38 2.43 2.49 2.53 2.72 Other benefits 1................................... .02 .02 .02 .02 .02 .03 .03 .12 .16 .06 .06 .06 .06 .06 .06 .06 Percent of total compensation by year 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ 75.6 75.0 74.5 74.3 73.9 74.1 73.5 72.7 72.3 72.0 72.7 73.3 72.8 72.4 73.0 72.2 Total benefits .......................................... 24.4 25.0 25.5 25.7 26.1 25.9 26.5 27.3 27.7 28.0 27.3 26.7 27.2 27.6 27.0 27.8 Paid leave ........................................... 8.3 8.4 8.7 8.9 8.6 8.6 8.7 8.4 8.3 8.2 8.5 8.4 8.4 8.4 8.2 8.4 Supplemental pay ............................... 1.8 2.3 2.0 1.8 2.3 1.9 2.0 2.6 2.7 3.4 2.7 2.7 3.4 3.8 3.8 4.0 Insurance ............................................ 3.9 4.1 4.4 4.7 4.8 5.0 5.4 5.6 5.7 5.3 5.3 4.9 4.8 4.9 4.9 5.1 Retirement and savings ...................... 3.6 3.7 3.4 3.3 3.3 3.2 3.2 3.1 3.1 3.4 3.5 3.3 3.4 3.2 3.1 3.5 Legally required benefits .................... 6.6 6.5 6.9 6.9 7.0 7.1 7.1 7.2 7.5 7.3 7.2 7.2 7.1 7.1 6.8 6.7 Other benefits 1................................... .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .4 .5 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .1 1Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits. Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 59 - Table 9. Private industry workers, by occupational and industry group: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1986 1-2001 -- Continued Sales occupations Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... – – $10.86 $11.39 $12.12 $12.90 $13.26 $13.32 $13.82 $13.63 $14.34 $14.79 $15.56 $16.13 $16.32 $16.11 Wages and salaries ................................ – – 8.42 8.91 9.46 10.00 10.24 10.15 10.56 10.47 11.09 11.55 12.19 12.64 12.81 12.62 Total benefits .......................................... – – 2.44 2.48 2.66 2.90 3.03 3.17 3.26 3.16 3.25 3.24 3.38 3.49 3.50 3.49 Paid leave ........................................... – – .59 .60 .63 .65 .66 .66 .65 .63 .64 .66 .68 .69 .72 .81 Supplemental pay ............................... – – .16 .16 .17 .23 .23 .31 .36 .34 .39 .33 .39 .44 .41 .33 Insurance ............................................ – – .52 .51 .60 .67 .72 .74 .75 .71 .70 .67 .66 .66 .70 .73 Retirement and savings ...................... – – .24 .24 .24 .25 .27 .26 .27 .26 .28 .32 .32 .35 .34 .29 Legally required benefits .................... – – .90 .96 1.01 1.10 1.14 1.18 1.22 1.22 1.23 1.25 1.31 1.34 1.34 1.33 Other benefits 3................................... – – .02 2() 2() 2() 2() 2() 2() 2() 2() 2() 2() 2() 2() 2() Percent of total compensation by year 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... – – 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ – – 77.5 78.3 78.0 77.5 77.2 76.2 76.4 76.8 77.3 78.1 78.3 78.4 78.5 78.3 Total benefits .......................................... – – 22.5 21.7 22.0 22.5 22.8 23.8 23.6 23.2 22.7 21.9 21.7 21.6 21.4 21.7 Paid leave ........................................... – – 5.4 5.3 5.2 5.1 5.0 5.0 4.7 4.6 4.5 4.5 4.4 4.3 4.4 5.0 Supplemental pay ............................... – – 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.8 1.7 2.4 2.6 2.5 2.7 2.3 2.5 2.7 2.5 2.0 Insurance ............................................ – – 4.8 4.5 5.0 5.2 5.4 5.6 5.4 5.2 4.9 4.5 4.2 4.1 4.3 4.5 Retirement and savings ...................... – – 2.2 2.1 2.0 1.9 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.2 2.1 1.8 Legally required benefits .................... – – 8.3 8.4 8.4 8.5 8.6 8.9 8.8 9.0 8.6 8.5 8.4 8.3 8.2 8.3 Other benefits 3................................... – – .2 4() 4() 4() 4() 4() 4() 4() 4() 4() 4() 4() 4() 4() 1This series began in 1988.2Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.3Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.4Less than .05 percent.– Data not available.

Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 60 - Table 9. Private industry workers, by occupational and industry group: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1986-2001 -- Continued Administrative support, including clerical occupations Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... $10.31 $10.94 $11.53 $12.03 $12.64 $13.17 $13.69 $14.14 $14.66 $14.64 $14.93 $15.14 $15.83 $16.39 $16.97 $17.27 Wages and salaries ................................ 7.40 7.91 8.32 8.64 9.08 9.41 9.74 10.02 10.36 10.47 10.69 10.94 11.44 11.89 12.24 12.57 Total benefits .......................................... 2.91 3.04 3.21 3.38 3.56 3.76 3.95 4.12 4.29 4.17 4.23 4.21 4.39 4.50 4.74 4.70 Paid leave ........................................... .78 .85 .89 .93 .95 .99 1.01 1.02 1.05 1.02 1.05 1.05 1.09 1.13 1.16 1.17 Supplemental pay ............................... .18 .20 .21 .22 .25 .24 .26 .28 .29 .30 .30 .33 .36 .35 .47 .39 Insurance ............................................ .69 .72 .79 .89 .98 1.12 1.20 1.26 1.32 1.22 1.21 1.15 1.22 1.25 1.29 1.33 Retirement and savings ...................... .43 .42 .38 .38 .37 .36 .38 .40 .42 .42 .46 .44 .45 .48 .50 .47 Legally required benefits .................... .81 .85 .92 .95 1.00 1.04 1.09 1.14 1.19 1.20 1.20 1.21 1.24 1.27 1.30 1.32 Other benefits 2................................... 1() 1( ) .02 1() 1() 1() 1( ) .02 .02 .02 .02 .02 .02 .02 .02 .02 Percent of total compensation by year 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ 71.8 72.3 72.2 71.9 71.8 71.4 71.2 70.9 70.7 71.5 71.6 72.2 72.3 72.5 72.1 72.8 Total benefits .......................................... 28.2 27.7 27.8 28.1 28.2 28.6 28.8 29.1 29.3 28.5 28.4 27.8 27.7 27.5 27.9 27.2 Paid leave ........................................... 7.5 7.7 7.7 7.7 7.5 7.5 7.4 7.2 7.2 7.0 7.0 7.0 6.9 6.9 6.8 6.8 Supplemental pay ............................... 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 2.0 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.2 2.3 2.1 2.8 2.3 Insurance ............................................ 6.7 6.5 6.9 7.4 7.8 8.5 8.8 8.9 9.0 8.3 8.1 7.6 7.7 7.6 7.6 7.7 Retirement and savings ...................... 4.2 3.8 3.3 3.2 2.9 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.9 2.9 3.1 2.9 2.8 2.9 2.9 2.7 Legally required benefits .................... 7.9 7.8 8.0 7.9 7.9 7.9 7.9 8.1 8.2 8.2 8.0 8.0 7.8 7.7 7.7 7.6 Other benefits 2................................... 3() 3() .1 3() 3() 3() 3( ) .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 1Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.2Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.3Less than .05 percent.Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 61 - Table 9. Private industry workers, by occupational and industry group: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1986-2001 -- Continued Precision production, craft, and repair occupations Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... $16.66 $16.85 $17.32 $17.70 $18.34 $19.24 $20.30 $21.05 $21.74 $21.70 $22.12 $22.33 $23.06 $24.12 $24.76 $24.84 Wages and salaries ................................ 11.83 11.92 12.14 12.40 12.73 13.26 13.86 14.21 14.63 14.72 15.10 15.41 16.01 16.78 17.23 17.38 Total benefits .......................................... 4.83 4.93 5.18 5.30 5.61 5.98 6.44 6.84 7.11 6.98 7.02 6.92 7.04 7.34 7.53 7.47 Paid leave ........................................... 1.00 .98 1.05 1.10 1.12 1.18 1.26 1.29 1.30 1.28 1.31 1.27 1.33 1.40 1.41 1.46 Supplemental pay ............................... .56 .57 .61 .62 .62 .64 .67 .67 .70 .72 .74 .75 .84 .86 .95 .91 Insurance ............................................ .97 .99 1.05 1.12 1.18 1.34 1.53 1.69 1.75 1.67 1.64 1.57 1.58 1.66 1.72 1.75 Retirement and savings ...................... .65 .69 .63 .57 .65 .68 .73 .77 .84 .82 .86 .88 .90 .96 1.05 .94 Legally required benefits .................... 1.62 1.67 1.81 1.84 2.01 2.11 2.21 2.36 2.46 2.44 2.41 2.39 2.35 2.40 2.36 2.37 Other benefits 1................................... .03 .04 .04 .04 .03 .03 .04 .07 .05 .06 .05 .05 .05 .05 .04 .03 Percent of total compensation by year 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ 71.0 70.8 70.1 70.1 69.4 68.9 68.3 67.5 67.3 67.8 68.3 69.0 69.4 69.6 69.6 70.0 Total benefits .......................................... 29.0 29.2 29.9 29.9 30.6 31.1 31.7 32.5 32.7 32.2 31.7 31.0 30.5 30.4 30.4 30.1 Paid leave ........................................... 6.0 5.8 6.0 6.2 6.1 6.2 6.2 6.1 6.0 5.9 5.9 5.7 5.8 5.8 5.7 5.9 Supplemental pay ............................... 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.5 3.4 3.3 3.3 3.2 3.2 3.3 3.3 3.4 3.6 3.6 3.8 3.7 Insurance ............................................ 5.8 5.9 6.1 6.4 6.4 7.0 7.6 8.0 8.1 7.7 7.4 7.1 6.9 6.9 6.9 7.0 Retirement and savings ...................... 3.9 4.1 3.6 3.2 3.6 3.5 3.6 3.6 3.9 3.8 3.9 3.9 3.9 4.0 4.2 3.8 Legally required benefits .................... 9.7 9.9 10.4 10.4 10.9 11.0 10.9 11.2 11.3 11.2 10.9 10.7 10.2 10.0 9.5 9.5 Other benefits 1................................... .2 .2 .3 .2 .2 .2 .2 .3 .2 .3 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .1 1Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits. Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 62 - Table 9. Private industry workers, by occupational and industry group: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1986-2001 -- Continued Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors occupations Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... $11.72 $12.44 $12.95 $13.59 $13.47 $14.24 $14.98 $15.50 $16.04 $15.22 $15.48 $16.00 $16.42 $16.90 $17.55 $17.98 Wages and salaries ................................ 7.99 8.44 8.69 9.04 9.04 9.46 9.79 10.03 10.30 9.93 10.22 10.61 11.02 11.41 11.72 12.05 Total benefits .......................................... 3.72 4.00 4.26 4.55 4.43 4.78 5.19 5.47 5.74 5.29 5.27 5.39 5.40 5.49 5.82 5.93 Paid leave ........................................... .79 .89 .90 .93 .88 .94 .99 1.02 1.04 .97 .99 1.00 1.01 1.04 1.09 1.19 Supplemental pay ............................... .49 .55 .59 .65 .64 .66 .68 .69 .71 .70 .76 .82 .84 .82 .96 1.00 Insurance ............................................ .85 .93 1.06 1.21 1.13 1.30 1.46 1.54 1.64 1.43 1.43 1.41 1.40 1.46 1.56 1.57 Retirement and savings ...................... .44 .42 .41 .40 .38 .41 .47 .50 .61 .53 .47 .51 .51 .50 .54 .51 Legally required benefits .................... 1.13 1.17 1.26 1.31 1.36 1.44 1.53 1.59 1.65 1.58 1.56 1.60 1.59 1.61 1.60 1.61 Other benefits 1................................... .04 .04 .05 .05 .04 .04 .07 .13 .09 .07 .05 .06 .05 .05 .07 .05 Percent of total compensation by year 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ 68.2 67.9 67.1 66.6 67.1 66.4 65.3 64.7 64.2 65.2 66.0 66.3 67.1 67.5 66.8 67.0 Total benefits .......................................... 31.8 32.1 32.9 33.4 32.9 33.6 34.7 35.3 35.8 34.8 34.0 33.7 32.9 32.5 33.2 33.0 Paid leave ........................................... 6.7 7.1 6.9 6.8 6.5 6.6 6.6 6.6 6.5 6.4 6.4 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.6 Supplemental pay ............................... 4.2 4.4 4.6 4.8 4.8 4.6 4.5 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.9 5.1 5.1 4.9 5.5 5.6 Insurance ............................................ 7.2 7.5 8.2 8.9 8.4 9.1 9.8 9.9 10.2 9.4 9.2 8.8 8.5 8.6 8.9 8.7 Retirement and savings ...................... 3.7 3.3 3.1 3.0 2.8 2.9 3.1 3.2 3.8 3.5 3.0 3.2 3.1 3.0 3.1 2.8 Legally required benefits .................... 9.6 9.4 9.7 9.6 10.1 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.3 10.4 10.1 10.0 9.7 9.5 9.1 9.0 Other benefits 1................................... .3 .3 .4 .4 .3 .3 .4 .9 .6 .5 .3 .4 .3 .3 .4 .3 1Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits. Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 63 - Table 9. Private industry workers, by occupational and industry group: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1986-2001 -- Continued Transportation and material moving occupations Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... $12.84 $13.83 $14.40 $15.06 $15.41 $15.56 $16.15 $16.40 $17.08 $16.97 $16.96 $16.88 $17.50 $17.64 $18.37 $19.08 Wages and salaries ................................ 8.99 9.65 9.96 10.42 10.62 10.59 10.87 10.96 11.41 11.42 11.62 11.71 12.19 12.37 12.82 13.30 Total benefits .......................................... 3.84 4.17 4.44 4.64 4.79 4.97 5.28 5.43 5.67 5.55 5.34 5.17 5.31 5.28 5.54 5.78 Paid leave ........................................... .79 .85 .87 .89 .88 .92 .92 .92 .93 .88 .83 .83 .88 .85 .92 .93 Supplemental pay ............................... .36 .39 .41 .43 .46 .48 .51 .49 .49 .56 .54 .56 .61 .61 .61 .65 Insurance ............................................ .84 .84 .91 .97 1.03 1.12 1.22 1.28 1.38 1.31 1.25 1.25 1.22 1.23 1.31 1.43 Retirement and savings ...................... .47 .50 .53 .53 .54 .57 .57 .61 .67 .65 .74 .60 .61 .63 .65 .73 Legally required benefits .................... 1.36 1.58 1.71 1.80 1.87 1.86 2.04 2.10 2.17 2.14 1.97 1.92 1.97 1.94 2.04 2.03 Other benefits 2................................... 1() 1( ) .02 1() 1() 1( ) .02 .03 .03 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1( ) .02 Percent of total compensation by year 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ 70.1 69.8 69.2 69.2 68.9 68.0 67.3 66.9 66.8 67.3 68.5 69.4 69.7 70.1 69.8 69.7 Total benefits .......................................... 29.9 30.2 30.8 30.8 31.1 32.0 32.7 33.1 33.2 32.7 31.5 30.6 30.3 29.9 30.2 30.3 Paid leave ........................................... 6.1 6.1 6.0 5.9 5.7 5.9 5.7 5.6 5.5 5.2 4.9 4.9 5.0 4.8 5.0 4.9 Supplemental pay ............................... 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.9 3.0 3.1 3.1 3.0 2.9 3.3 3.2 3.3 3.5 3.5 3.3 3.4 Insurance ............................................ 6.6 6.1 6.3 6.4 6.7 7.2 7.5 7.8 8.1 7.7 7.4 7.4 7.0 7.0 7.1 7.5 Retirement and savings ...................... 3.7 3.6 3.7 3.5 3.5 3.6 3.6 3.7 3.9 3.8 4.4 3.6 3.5 3.6 3.5 3.8 Legally required benefits .................... 10.6 11.5 11.9 11.9 12.1 12.0 12.6 12.8 12.7 12.6 11.6 11.4 11.3 11.0 11.1 10.6 Other benefits 2................................... 3() 3() .1 3() 3() 3( ) .1 .2 .2 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() .1 1Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.2Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.3Less than .05 percent.Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 64 - Table 9. Private industry workers, by occupational and industry group: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1986-2001 -- Continued Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... $10.69 $9.81 $10.14 $10.51 $10.61 $10.94 $11.41 $11.78 $11.96 $11.62 $12.07 $12.42 $12.46 $12.67 $13.06 $13.83 Wages and salaries ................................ 7.37 6.93 7.11 7.40 7.45 7.69 7.95 8.14 8.29 8.18 8.48 8.72 8.84 9.06 9.38 9.97 Total benefits .......................................... 3.32 2.89 3.03 3.11 3.16 3.25 3.46 3.64 3.67 3.44 3.59 3.70 3.61 3.61 3.68 3.86 Paid leave ........................................... .62 .51 .52 .52 .51 .53 .54 .56 .54 .48 .50 .53 .53 .53 .54 .61 Supplemental pay ............................... .35 .29 .31 .33 .33 .32 .34 .35 .35 .36 .39 .42 .43 .42 .44 .44 Insurance ............................................ .75 .63 .66 .69 .73 .79 .87 .94 .93 .83 .85 .86 .83 .82 .87 1.00 Retirement and savings ...................... .41 .36 .34 .31 .31 .31 .33 .34 .36 .35 .41 .43 .40 .43 .42 .38 Legally required benefits .................... 1.17 1.08 1.19 1.25 1.27 1.30 1.36 1.44 1.48 1.41 1.43 1.44 1.41 1.40 1.40 1.43 Other benefits 2................................... .02 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1( ) .02 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() Percent of total compensation by year 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ 69.0 70.6 70.1 70.4 70.2 70.3 69.7 69.1 69.3 70.4 70.3 70.2 70.9 71.5 71.8 72.1 Total benefits .......................................... 31.0 29.4 29.9 29.6 29.8 29.7 30.3 30.9 30.7 29.6 29.7 29.8 29.0 28.5 28.2 27.9 Paid leave ........................................... 5.8 5.2 5.1 5.0 4.8 4.8 4.7 4.7 4.5 4.2 4.1 4.3 4.3 4.2 4.1 4.4 Supplemental pay ............................... 3.3 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.1 2.9 2.9 3.0 2.9 3.1 3.2 3.4 3.5 3.3 3.4 3.2 Insurance ............................................ 7.0 6.5 6.5 6.6 6.9 7.2 7.7 8.0 7.8 7.2 7.1 6.9 6.7 6.5 6.7 7.2 Retirement and savings ...................... 3.9 3.7 3.3 2.9 2.9 2.8 2.9 2.8 3.0 3.0 3.4 3.5 3.2 3.4 3.2 2.7 Legally required benefits .................... 10.9 11.0 11.7 11.9 11.9 11.9 12.0 12.2 12.4 12.1 11.9 11.6 11.3 11.0 10.7 10.3 Other benefits 2................................... .1 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() .2 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 1Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.2Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.3Less than .05 percent.Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 65 - Table 9. Private industry workers, by occupational and industry group: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1986 1-2001 -- Continued Construction Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... – – $16.23 $16.70 $17.42 $18.32 $18.91 $19.71 $20.59 $21.03 $21.59 $21.47 $21.71 $22.64 $23.37 $24.08 Wages and salaries ................................ – – 11.90 12.20 12.55 13.08 13.34 13.64 14.14 14.42 14.86 15.13 15.51 16.13 16.62 17.04 Total benefits .......................................... – – 4.33 4.50 4.87 5.23 5.56 6.07 6.45 6.61 6.73 6.34 6.21 6.51 6.75 7.04 Paid leave ........................................... – – .57 .62 .63 .68 .62 .63 .64 .66 .71 .69 .68 .72 .77 .85 Supplemental pay ............................... – – .41 .40 .46 .47 .50 .53 .61 .67 .69 .58 .60 .67 .93 1.00 Insurance ............................................ – – .70 .75 .83 .94 1.10 1.22 1.38 1.41 1.41 1.35 1.28 1.37 1.43 1.51 Retirement and savings ...................... – – .65 .67 .71 .77 .81 .89 .91 .96 1.05 1.04 1.01 1.08 1.05 1.05 Legally required benefits .................... – – 1.98 2.05 2.22 2.36 2.54 2.78 2.91 2.90 2.86 2.69 2.63 2.66 2.57 2.62 Other benefits 3................................... – – .02 .02 .02 .02 2() 2() 2() 2() 2() 2() 2() 2() 2() 2() Percent of total compensation by year 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... – – 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ – – 73.3 73.1 72.0 71.4 70.6 69.2 68.7 68.6 68.8 70.5 71.4 71.2 71.1 70.8 Total benefits .......................................... – – 26.7 26.9 28.0 28.6 29.4 30.8 31.3 31.4 31.2 29.5 28.6 28.8 28.9 29.2 Paid leave ........................................... – – 3.5 3.7 3.6 3.7 3.3 3.2 3.1 3.1 3.3 3.2 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.5 Supplemental pay ............................... – – 2.5 2.4 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.7 3.0 3.2 3.2 2.7 2.8 3.0 4.0 4.2 Insurance ............................................ – – 4.3 4.5 4.8 5.1 5.8 6.2 6.7 6.7 6.5 6.3 5.9 6.1 6.1 6.3 Retirement and savings ...................... – – 4.0 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.5 4.4 4.6 4.9 4.8 4.7 4.8 4.5 4.4 Legally required benefits .................... – – 12.2 12.3 12.7 12.9 13.4 14.1 14.1 13.8 13.2 12.5 12.1 11.7 11.0 10.9 Other benefits 3................................... – – .1 .1 .1 .1 4() 4() 4() 4() 4() 4() 4() 4() 4() 4() 1This series began in 1988.2Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.3Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.4Less than .05 percent.– Data not available.

Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 66 - Table 9. Private industry workers, by occupational and industry group: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1986-2001 -- Continued Durables manufacturing Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... $16.54 $16.75 $17.44 $18.42 $18.56 $19.59 $20.77 $21.88 $22.47 $22.29 $22.50 $23.49 $24.03 $24.66 $25.05 $25.63 Wages and salaries ................................ 11.30 11.51 11.85 12.44 12.54 13.18 13.77 14.21 14.52 14.64 14.92 15.68 16.17 16.75 16.84 17.35 Total benefits .......................................... 5.25 5.24 5.60 5.98 6.02 6.41 7.00 7.67 7.95 7.65 7.58 7.81 7.85 7.91 8.21 8.28 Paid leave ........................................... 1.33 1.33 1.36 1.44 1.45 1.54 1.64 1.72 1.72 1.68 1.74 1.82 1.85 1.91 1.90 2.00 Supplemental pay ............................... .56 .57 .64 .73 .77 .77 .79 .82 .83 .95 1.05 1.04 1.08 1.05 1.22 1.24 Insurance ............................................ 1.21 1.21 1.38 1.60 1.52 1.70 1.95 2.18 2.25 2.00 1.90 1.88 1.89 1.93 2.08 2.08 Retirement and savings ...................... .70 .65 .61 .55 .60 .65 .73 .81 .94 .86 .75 .85 .84 .80 .82 .81 Legally required benefits .................... 1.38 1.41 1.54 1.58 1.64 1.71 1.80 1.91 2.01 2.03 2.01 2.10 2.08 2.10 2.07 2.07 Other benefits 1................................... .06 .06 .07 .08 .05 .05 .09 .24 .19 .13 .12 .13 .12 .12 .13 .09 Percent of total compensation by year 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ 68.3 68.7 67.9 67.5 67.6 67.3 66.3 64.9 64.6 65.7 66.3 66.8 67.3 67.9 67.2 67.7 Total benefits .......................................... 31.7 31.3 32.1 32.5 32.4 32.7 33.7 35.1 35.4 34.3 33.7 33.2 32.7 32.1 32.8 32.3 Paid leave ........................................... 8.0 8.0 7.8 7.8 7.8 7.9 7.9 7.9 7.7 7.6 7.7 7.7 7.7 7.7 7.6 7.8 Supplemental pay ............................... 3.4 3.4 3.6 3.9 4.1 4.0 3.8 3.8 3.7 4.3 4.7 4.4 4.5 4.3 4.9 4.8 Insurance ............................................ 7.3 7.3 7.9 8.7 8.2 8.7 9.4 10.0 10.0 9.0 8.4 8.0 7.9 7.8 8.3 8.1 Retirement and savings ...................... 4.3 3.9 3.5 3.0 3.2 3.3 3.5 3.7 4.2 3.9 3.3 3.6 3.5 3.2 3.3 3.2 Legally required benefits .................... 8.3 8.4 8.8 8.6 8.8 8.7 8.7 8.7 8.9 9.1 8.9 8.9 8.7 8.5 8.3 8.1 Other benefits 1................................... .4 .4 .4 .4 .3 .2 .4 1.1 .9 .6 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .4 1Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits. Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 67 - Table 9. Private industry workers, by occupational and industry group: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1986-2001 -- Continued Nondurables manufacturing Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... $13.48 $13.72 $14.55 $15.33 $15.59 $16.36 $17.10 $17.75 $18.42 $17.99 $18.88 $19.48 $19.74 $19.98 $20.93 $22.25 Wages and salaries ................................ 9.59 9.72 10.23 10.65 10.89 11.36 11.82 12.23 12.60 12.48 13.03 13.52 13.82 14.04 14.77 15.59 Total benefits .......................................... 3.89 4.01 4.32 4.68 4.69 5.00 5.28 5.53 5.82 5.51 5.85 5.96 5.91 5.94 6.16 6.66 Paid leave ........................................... 1.03 1.04 1.10 1.16 1.12 1.18 1.24 1.27 1.32 1.33 1.40 1.43 1.44 1.46 1.51 1.63 Supplemental pay ............................... .42 .46 .49 .54 .48 .52 .51 .56 .57 .59 .65 .65 .67 .65 .77 .86 Insurance ............................................ .81 .84 .94 1.10 1.15 1.25 1.37 1.44 1.58 1.33 1.47 1.46 1.43 1.45 1.52 1.70 Retirement and savings ...................... .48 .49 .51 .53 .52 .54 .56 .60 .64 .60 .65 .69 .65 .69 .65 .65 Legally required benefits .................... 1.14 1.17 1.26 1.34 1.40 1.49 1.58 1.63 1.70 1.62 1.64 1.71 1.69 1.67 1.69 1.78 Other benefits 2................................... 1() 1( ) .02 .02 .02 .02 .02 .02 .03 .03 .03 .02 .02 .02 .03 .04 Percent of total compensation by year 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ 71.1 70.8 70.3 69.5 69.9 69.4 69.1 68.9 68.4 69.4 69.0 69.4 70.0 70.3 70.6 70.1 Total benefits .......................................... 28.9 29.2 29.7 30.5 30.1 30.6 30.9 31.1 31.6 30.6 31.0 30.6 29.9 29.7 29.4 29.9 Paid leave ........................................... 7.6 7.6 7.5 7.5 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.4 7.4 7.3 7.3 7.3 7.2 7.3 Supplemental pay ............................... 3.1 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.1 3.2 3.0 3.2 3.1 3.3 3.4 3.3 3.4 3.3 3.7 3.9 Insurance ............................................ 6.0 6.1 6.5 7.2 7.4 7.7 8.0 8.1 8.6 7.4 7.8 7.5 7.2 7.3 7.3 7.6 Retirement and savings ...................... 3.6 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.4 3.4 3.3 3.5 3.6 3.3 3.5 3.1 2.9 Legally required benefits .................... 8.5 8.6 8.7 8.7 9.0 9.1 9.3 9.2 9.2 9.0 8.7 8.8 8.6 8.4 8.1 8.0 Other benefits 2................................... 3() 3( ) .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .2 .2 .1 .1 .1 .1 .2 1Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.2Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.3Less than .05 percent.Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 68 - Table 9. Private industry workers, by occupational and industry group: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1986-2001 -- Continued Transportation and public utilities Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... $19.87 $20.24 $20.50 $20.20 $21.48 $22.09 $22.91 $24.07 $24.58 $23.24 $24.22 – $23.46$24.65 $25.84 $27.70 Wages and salaries ................................ 13.56 13.77 13.90 13.97 14.74 15.14 15.72 16.39 16.68 15.91 16.51 – 16.26 17.05 17.73 18.94 Total benefits .......................................... 6.32 6.47 6.60 6.23 6.74 6.95 7.19 7.68 7.89 7.33 7.71 – 7.20 7.60 8.12 8.76 Paid leave ........................................... 1.72 1.75 1.81 1.65 1.77 1.83 1.87 1.96 1.96 1.76 1.79 – 1.68 1.79 1.94 1.98 Supplemental pay ............................... .47 .51 .46 .43 .43 .43 .50 .53 .54 .59 .58 – .65 .73 .95 1.17 Insurance ............................................ 1.22 1.32 1.44 1.35 1.55 1.71 1.81 2.04 2.08 1.88 1.97 – 1.76 1.77 1.89 2.08 Retirement and savings ...................... 1.21 1.17 1.03 .84 .93 .85 .83 .84 .94 .86 1.15 – 1.01 1.12 1.17 1.28 Legally required benefits .................... 1.67 1.70 1.83 1.94 2.03 2.10 2.15 2.28 2.34 2.22 2.20 – 2.05 2.13 2.13 2.21 Other benefits 1................................... .02 .03 .03 .03 .02 .02 .03 .03 .03 .02 .03 – .04 .06 .04 .04 Percent of total compensation by year 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 – 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ 68.2 68.0 67.8 69.2 68.6 68.5 68.6 68.1 67.9 68.5 68.2 – 69.3 69.2 68.6 68.4 Total benefits .......................................... 31.8 32.0 32.2 30.8 31.4 31.5 31.4 31.9 32.1 31.5 31.8 – 30.7 30.8 31.4 31.6 Paid leave ........................................... 8.6 8.6 8.8 8.1 8.3 8.3 8.2 8.2 8.0 7.6 7.4 – 7.2 7.3 7.5 7.1 Supplemental pay ............................... 2.4 2.5 2.3 2.1 2.0 2.0 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.5 2.4 – 2.8 3.0 3.7 4.2 Insurance ............................................ 6.2 6.5 7.0 6.7 7.2 7.7 7.9 8.5 8.5 8.1 8.1 – 7.5 7.2 7.3 7.5 Retirement and savings ...................... 6.1 5.8 5.0 4.1 4.3 3.9 3.6 3.5 3.8 3.7 4.7 – 4.3 4.5 4.5 4.6 Legally required benefits .................... 8.4 8.4 8.9 9.6 9.5 9.5 9.4 9.5 9.5 9.6 9.1 – 8.7 8.6 8.2 8.0 Other benefits 1................................... .1 .1 .2 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 – .2 .2 .2 .1 1Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.

– Data not available. Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 69 - Table 9. Private industry workers, by occupational and industry group: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1986-2001 -- Continued Wholesale trade Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... $15.40 $15.15 $15.72 $16.50 $17.45 $17.10 $17.67 $18.12 $18.42 $18.60 $19.04 $19.98 $20.88 $21.17 $22.12 $22.83 Wages and salaries ................................ 11.39 11.24 11.59 12.10 12.65 12.37 12.70 12.92 13.11 13.54 13.98 14.58 15.20 15.30 15.90 16.51 Total benefits .......................................... 4.01 3.91 4.13 4.41 4.80 4.72 4.97 5.20 5.31 5.06 5.06 5.40 5.68 5.87 6.22 6.33 Paid leave ........................................... 1.03 1.05 1.10 1.16 1.23 1.12 1.15 1.19 1.20 1.16 1.16 1.23 1.30 1.30 1.38 1.53 Supplemental pay ............................... .29 .35 .37 .41 .46 .45 .48 .45 .48 .49 .47 .55 .63 .69 .77 .70 Insurance ............................................ .93 .80 .86 .97 1.12 1.18 1.29 1.41 1.42 1.23 1.25 1.29 1.33 1.41 1.47 1.55 Retirement and savings ...................... .51 .49 .47 .47 .51 .45 .44 .44 .47 .52 .48 .57 .62 .69 .71 .65 Legally required benefits .................... 1.23 1.21 1.32 1.37 1.47 1.51 1.59 1.67 1.72 1.65 1.68 1.73 1.78 1.77 1.87 1.88 Other benefits 2................................... .02 1() 1( ) .02 .02 .02 .02 .03 .02 1() 1( ) .02 .02 .02 .02 .03 Percent of total compensation by year 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ 74.0 74.2 73.7 73.3 72.5 72.4 71.9 71.3 71.2 72.8 73.4 73.0 72.8 72.3 71.9 72.3 Total benefits .......................................... 26.0 25.8 26.3 26.7 27.5 27.6 28.1 28.7 28.8 27.2 26.6 27.0 27.2 27.7 28.1 27.7 Paid leave ........................................... 6.7 6.9 7.0 7.1 7.1 6.5 6.5 6.6 6.5 6.2 6.1 6.2 6.2 6.1 6.2 6.7 Supplemental pay ............................... 1.9 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.6 2.7 2.5 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.7 3.0 3.3 3.5 3.1 Insurance ............................................ 6.0 5.3 5.5 5.9 6.4 6.9 7.3 7.8 7.7 6.6 6.6 6.5 6.4 6.7 6.6 6.8 Retirement and savings ...................... 3.3 3.3 3.0 2.8 2.9 2.7 2.5 2.4 2.6 2.8 2.5 2.9 3.0 3.3 3.2 2.8 Legally required benefits .................... 8.0 8.0 8.4 8.3 8.4 8.8 9.0 9.2 9.4 8.9 8.8 8.7 8.5 8.4 8.5 8.2 Other benefits 2................................... .1 3() 3( ) .1 .1 .1 .1 .2 .1 3() 3( ) .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 1Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.2Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.3Less than .05 percent.Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 70 - Table 9. Private industry workers, by occupational and industry group: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1986-2001 -- Continued Retail trade Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... $7.82 $7.85 $8.00 $8.10 $8.52 $8.81 $9.07 $9.28 $9.17 $9.32 $9.54 $9.92 $10.33 $10.64 $10.99 $11.49 Wages and salaries ................................ 6.04 6.07 6.18 6.31 6.62 6.82 7.00 7.18 7.14 7.30 7.50 7.81 8.17 8.41 8.73 9.13 Total benefits .......................................... 1.77 1.78 1.82 1.79 1.90 1.98 2.07 2.10 2.03 2.02 2.04 2.11 2.16 2.23 2.26 2.36 Paid leave ........................................... .38 .37 .38 .36 .37 .38 .38 .38 .37 .35 .35 .37 .38 .40 .40 .46 Supplemental pay ............................... .14 .15 .14 .14 .16 .16 .17 .16 .14 .15 .16 .18 .18 .18 .19 .17 Insurance ............................................ .35 .35 .36 .33 .38 .41 .44 .45 .40 .40 .40 .40 .40 .40 .42 .46 Retirement and savings ...................... .15 .14 .14 .13 .13 .12 .12 .11 .11 .11 .12 .13 .13 .15 .14 .16 Legally required benefits .................... .74 .74 .79 .83 .86 .92 .95 1.00 1.01 1.01 1.00 1.03 1.07 1.10 1.10 1.11 Other benefits 2................................... .02 .02 .02 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() Percent of total compensation by year 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ 77.3 77.3 77.2 77.9 77.7 77.5 77.2 77.3 77.9 78.3 78.6 78.7 79.1 79.0 79.4 79.5 Total benefits .......................................... 22.7 22.7 22.8 22.1 22.3 22.5 22.8 22.7 22.1 21.7 21.4 21.3 20.9 21.0 20.6 20.5 Paid leave ........................................... 4.9 4.8 4.7 4.4 4.3 4.3 4.2 4.1 4.0 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.8 3.6 4.0 Supplemental pay ............................... 1.8 1.9 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.5 Insurance ............................................ 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.1 4.5 4.7 4.9 4.8 4.4 4.3 4.2 4.1 3.9 3.8 3.8 4.0 Retirement and savings ...................... 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.6 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.4 Legally required benefits .................... 9.4 9.5 9.8 10.2 10.1 10.4 10.5 10.8 11.0 10.9 10.5 10.4 10.4 10.3 10.0 9.7 Other benefits 2................................... .2 .2 .2 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 1Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.2Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.3Less than .05 percent.Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 71 - Table 9. Private industry workers, by occupational and industry group: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1986 1-2001 -- Continued Finance, insurance, and real estate Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... – – $16.00 $17.11 $18.04 $19.04 $19.95 $20.27 $21.02 $21.39 $22.59 $23.01 $24.18 $25.11 $26.97 $27.29 Wages and salaries ................................ – – 11.91 12.76 13.35 14.02 14.58 14.52 15.04 15.15 16.12 16.50 17.15 17.81 19.30 19.35 Total benefits .......................................... – – 4.09 4.35 4.69 5.01 5.38 5.75 5.99 6.24 6.48 6.51 7.03 7.30 7.67 7.93 Paid leave ........................................... – – 1.31 1.39 1.49 1.54 1.57 1.51 1.50 1.54 1.64 1.69 1.75 1.80 1.93 2.04 Supplemental pay ............................... – – .29 .28 .25 .30 .31 .71 .81 .90 .86 .80 1.17 1.24 1.23 1.22 Insurance ............................................ – – .84 .98 1.16 1.29 1.48 1.44 1.43 1.45 1.51 1.49 1.52 1.59 1.67 1.70 Retirement and savings ...................... – – .52 .53 .54 .57 .65 .64 .68 .74 .82 .86 .90 .92 1.02 1.07 Legally required benefits .................... – – 1.12 1.16 1.23 1.29 1.35 1.43 1.52 1.56 1.61 1.62 1.66 1.71 1.79 1.84 Other benefits 3................................... – – 2() 2() 2( ) .02 .02 .03 .05 .04 .04 .04 .04 .04 .04 .06 Percent of total compensation by year 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... – – 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ – – 74.5 74.6 74.0 73.7 73.1 71.6 71.5 70.8 71.3 71.7 70.9 70.9 71.6 70.9 Total benefits .......................................... – – 25.5 25.4 26.0 26.3 26.9 28.4 28.5 29.2 28.7 28.3 29.1 29.1 28.4 29.1 Paid leave ........................................... – – 8.2 8.1 8.3 8.1 7.9 7.5 7.1 7.2 7.2 7.4 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.5 Supplemental pay ............................... – – 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.6 1.5 3.5 3.8 4.2 3.8 3.5 4.8 4.9 4.6 4.5 Insurance ............................................ – – 5.2 5.7 6.4 6.8 7.4 7.1 6.8 6.8 6.7 6.5 6.3 6.3 6.2 6.2 Retirement and savings ...................... – – 3.3 3.1 3.0 3.0 3.2 3.1 3.2 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.8 3.9 Legally required benefits .................... – – 7.0 6.8 6.8 6.8 6.8 7.0 7.2 7.3 7.1 7.1 6.9 6.8 6.6 6.7 Other benefits 3................................... – – 4() 4() 4( ) .1 .1 .1 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .1 .2 1This series began in 1988.2Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.3Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.4Less than .05 percent.– Data not available.

Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 72 - Table 9. Private industry workers, by occupational and industry group: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1986-2001 -- Continued Service industries Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... $12.26 $12.34 $12.98 $13.44 $14.41 $14.70 $15.59 $16.34 $16.79 $16.92 $17.18 $17.84 $18.38 $18.76 $19.73 $21.11 Wages and salaries ................................ 9.23 9.34 9.78 10.09 10.75 10.98 11.56 12.07 12.37 12.53 12.76 13.39 13.84 14.17 14.93 15.92 Total benefits .......................................... 3.04 3.00 3.20 3.35 3.67 3.72 4.03 4.27 4.42 4.39 4.42 4.46 4.54 4.59 4.80 5.19 Paid leave ........................................... .91 .91 .96 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.09 1.10 1.12 1.12 1.13 1.16 1.19 1.22 1.36 1.49 Supplemental pay ............................... .19 .19 .22 .20 .30 .24 .30 .32 .33 .32 .36 .43 .44 .38 .35 .36 Insurance ............................................ .58 .53 .57 .66 .74 .82 .90 1.00 1.06 1.03 .97 .89 .92 .96 1.01 1.12 Retirement and savings ...................... .38 .37 .37 .36 .39 .36 .38 .42 .43 .43 .48 .44 .45 .45 .48 .53 Legally required benefits .................... .96 1.00 1.08 1.12 1.21 1.26 1.35 1.43 1.47 1.47 1.48 1.52 1.53 1.55 1.58 1.68 Other benefits 2................................... 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1( ) .02 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() Percent of total compensation by year 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ 75.3 75.7 75.4 75.1 74.6 74.7 74.2 73.9 73.6 74.1 74.3 75.0 75.3 75.5 75.7 75.4 Total benefits .......................................... 24.7 24.3 24.6 24.9 25.4 25.3 25.8 26.1 26.4 25.9 25.7 25.0 24.7 24.5 24.3 24.6 Paid leave ........................................... 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.5 7.0 7.0 7.0 6.7 6.7 6.6 6.6 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.9 7.1 Supplemental pay ............................... 1.5 1.5 1.7 1.5 2.1 1.6 2.0 1.9 2.0 1.9 2.1 2.4 2.4 2.0 1.8 1.7 Insurance ............................................ 4.8 4.3 4.4 4.9 5.2 5.6 5.8 6.1 6.3 6.1 5.6 5.0 5.0 5.1 5.1 5.3 Retirement and savings ...................... 3.1 3.0 2.9 2.7 2.7 2.5 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.5 2.8 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.5 Legally required benefits .................... 7.9 8.1 8.3 8.4 8.4 8.6 8.7 8.7 8.8 8.7 8.6 8.5 8.3 8.3 8.0 8.0 Other benefits 2................................... 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() .1 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 1Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.2Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.3Less than .05 percent.Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 73 - Table 10. Private industry, full-time workers, by occupational and industry group: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1993-2001 All workers Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... $18.54 $19.28 $19.44 $20.01 $20.37 $20.95 $21.55 $22.62 $23.55 Wages and salaries ................................ 13.04 13.52 13.71 14.16 14.55 15.03 15.48 16.25 16.91 Total benefits .......................................... 5.50 5.77 5.73 5.85 5.82 5.93 6.07 6.37 6.64 Paid leave ........................................... 1.30 1.33 1.33 1.38 1.38 1.42 1.46 1.56 1.67 Supplemental pay ............................... .49 .52 .57 .60 .62 .68 .67 .73 .74 Insurance ............................................ 1.41 1.48 1.40 1.40 1.33 1.34 1.39 1.47 1.55 Retirement and savings ...................... .57 .63 .63 .67 .66 .67 .69 .72 .75 Legally required benefits .................... 1.68 1.75 1.76 1.76 1.79 1.78 1.82 1.84 1.89 Other benefits 1................................... .05 .05 .04 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 Percent of total compensation by year 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ 70.4 70.1 70.5 70.8 71.4 71.7 71.8 71.8 71.8 Total benefits .......................................... 29.6 29.9 29.5 29.2 28.6 28.3 28.2 28.2 28.2 Paid leave ........................................... 7.0 6.9 6.9 6.9 6.8 6.8 6.8 6.9 7.1 Supplemental pay ............................... 2.6 2.7 2.9 3.0 3.0 3.2 3.1 3.2 3.1 Insurance ............................................ 7.6 7.7 7.2 7.0 6.5 6.4 6.5 6.5 6.6 Retirement and savings ...................... 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.3 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 Legally required benefits .................... 9.0 9.1 9.0 8.8 8.8 8.5 8.4 8.1 8.0 Other benefits 1................................... .3 .3 .2 .2 .2 .1 .1 .1 .1 1Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 74 - Table 10. Private industry, full-time workers, by occupational and industry group: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1993-2001 -- Continued White-collar occupations Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... $21.60 $22.42 $22.84 $23.53 $24.04 $24.75 $25.42 $26.92 $28.37 Wages and salaries ................................ 15.57 16.12 16.49 17.00 17.53 18.07 18.57 19.70 20.68 Total benefits .......................................... 6.03 6.30 6.35 6.53 6.51 6.67 6.85 7.22 7.69 Paid leave ........................................... 1.67 1.71 1.72 1.79 1.81 1.85 1.90 2.07 2.25 Supplemental pay ............................... .49 .54 .59 .63 .66 .73 .71 .78 .80 Insurance ............................................ 1.53 1.59 1.52 1.52 1.42 1.44 1.51 1.59 1.70 Retirement and savings ...................... .66 .69 .73 .78 .77 .78 .81 .82 .91 Legally required benefits .................... 1.64 1.72 1.75 1.77 1.82 1.84 1.88 1.92 2.00 Other benefits 1................................... .04 .06 .04 .04 .04 .04 .04 .04 .03 Percent of total compensation by year 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ 72.1 71.9 72.2 72.3 72.9 73.0 73.1 73.2 72.9 Total benefits .......................................... 27.9 28.1 27.8 27.7 27.1 26.9 26.9 26.8 27.1 Paid leave ........................................... 7.7 7.6 7.5 7.6 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.7 7.9 Supplemental pay ............................... 2.3 2.4 2.6 2.7 2.7 2.9 2.8 2.9 2.8 Insurance ............................................ 7.1 7.1 6.7 6.4 5.9 5.8 5.9 5.9 6.0 Retirement and savings ...................... 3.1 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.0 3.2 Legally required benefits .................... 7.6 7.7 7.7 7.5 7.6 7.4 7.4 7.1 7.0 Other benefits 1................................... .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .1 .1 1Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 75 - Table 10. Private industry, full-time workers, by occupational and industry group: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1993-2001 -- Continued Sales occupations Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... $17.08 $18.20 $17.86 $18.89 $19.52 $20.27 $20.97 $21.05 $21.13 Wages and salaries ................................ 12.88 13.73 13.54 14.45 15.07 15.70 16.22 16.37 16.27 Total benefits .......................................... 4.21 4.48 4.32 4.44 4.44 4.57 4.75 4.68 4.86 Paid leave ........................................... .91 .94 .91 .93 .98 .99 1.01 1.04 1.22 Supplemental pay ............................... .45 .53 .50 .57 .48 .56 .63 .57 .49 Insurance ............................................ 1.05 1.10 1.03 1.01 .96 .95 .95 .98 1.11 Retirement and savings ...................... .36 .40 .38 .40 .46 .46 .50 .47 .43 Legally required benefits .................... 1.42 1.49 1.49 1.51 1.55 1.60 1.63 1.61 1.61 Other benefits 2................................... 1() 1( ) .02 1( ) .02 .02 .02 1() 1() Percent of total compensation by year 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ 75.4 75.4 75.8 76.5 77.2 77.5 77.3 77.8 77.0 Total benefits .......................................... 24.6 24.6 24.2 23.5 22.8 22.5 22.7 22.2 23.0 Paid leave ........................................... 5.3 5.2 5.1 4.9 5.0 4.9 4.8 4.9 5.8 Supplemental pay ............................... 2.6 2.9 2.8 3.0 2.4 2.8 3.0 2.7 2.3 Insurance ............................................ 6.2 6.0 5.8 5.4 4.9 4.7 4.5 4.7 5.3 Retirement and savings ...................... 2.1 2.2 2.1 2.1 2.3 2.3 2.4 2.2 2.0 Legally required benefits .................... 8.3 8.2 8.3 8.0 7.9 7.9 7.8 7.6 7.6 Other benefits 2................................... 3() 3() .1 3( ) .1 .1 .1 3() 3() 1Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.2Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.

3Less than .05 percent.Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 76 - Table 10. Private industry, full-time workers, by occupational and industry group: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1993-2001 -- Continued Administrative support, including clerical occupations Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... $14.88 $15.47 $15.55 $15.88 $15.99 $16.66 $17.25 $18.04 $18.43 Wages and salaries ................................ 10.40 10.80 10.95 11.20 11.37 11.89 12.33 12.80 13.21 Total benefits .......................................... 4.49 4.67 4.60 4.68 4.62 4.76 4.92 5.24 5.22 Paid leave ........................................... 1.13 1.17 1.16 1.18 1.18 1.22 1.26 1.31 1.33 Supplemental pay ............................... .30 .32 .33 .34 .36 .39 .38 .53 .44 Insurance ............................................ 1.41 1.47 1.39 1.38 1.32 1.35 1.41 1.48 1.52 Retirement and savings ...................... .45 .46 .47 .52 .50 .51 .53 .55 .54 Legally required benefits .................... 1.17 1.23 1.24 1.24 1.25 1.27 1.31 1.35 1.38 Other benefits 1................................... .02 .02 .02 .02 .02 .02 .03 .03 .02 Percent of total compensation by year 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ 69.8 69.8 70.4 70.5 71.1 71.4 71.5 71.0 71.7 Total benefits .......................................... 30.2 30.2 29.6 29.5 28.9 28.6 28.5 29.0 28.3 Paid leave ........................................... 7.6 7.5 7.4 7.5 7.4 7.3 7.3 7.3 7.2 Supplemental pay ............................... 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.9 2.4 Insurance ............................................ 9.5 9.5 8.9 8.7 8.2 8.1 8.2 8.2 8.2 Retirement and savings ...................... 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.3 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.0 2.9 Legally required benefits .................... 7.9 7.9 8.0 7.8 7.8 7.6 7.6 7.5 7.5 Other benefits 1................................... .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .2 .2 .1 1Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 77 - Table 10. Private industry, full-time workers, by occupational and industry group: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1993-2001 -- Continued Blue-collar occupations Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... $17.08 $17.68 $17.51 $17.96 $18.02 $18.48 $19.00 $19.73 $20.41 Wages and salaries ................................ 11.38 11.74 11.74 12.13 12.29 12.70 13.12 13.58 14.10 Total benefits .......................................... 5.70 5.95 5.78 5.83 5.73 5.77 5.88 6.14 6.30 Paid leave ........................................... 1.03 1.05 1.02 1.04 1.01 1.05 1.07 1.11 1.18 Supplemental pay ............................... .60 .62 .65 .68 .70 .75 .74 .83 .84 Insurance ............................................ 1.47 1.55 1.44 1.45 1.39 1.38 1.42 1.51 1.58 Retirement and savings ...................... .59 .67 .64 .67 .66 .66 .69 .74 .71 Legally required benefits .................... 1.93 2.01 1.98 1.96 1.93 1.91 1.92 1.93 1.97 Other benefits 1................................... .07 .05 .05 .04 .04 .04 .04 .04 .03 Percent of total compensation by year 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ 66.6 66.4 67.0 67.5 68.2 68.7 69.1 68.8 69.1 Total benefits .......................................... 33.4 33.6 33.0 32.5 31.8 31.2 30.9 31.1 30.9 Paid leave ........................................... 6.1 5.9 5.8 5.8 5.6 5.7 5.6 5.6 5.8 Supplemental pay ............................... 3.5 3.5 3.7 3.8 3.9 4.1 3.9 4.2 4.1 Insurance ............................................ 8.6 8.8 8.2 8.1 7.7 7.5 7.5 7.7 7.7 Retirement and savings ...................... 3.5 3.8 3.7 3.7 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.8 3.5 Legally required benefits .................... 11.3 11.4 11.3 10.9 10.7 10.3 10.1 9.8 9.7 Other benefits 1................................... .4 .3 .3 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .1 1Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 78 - Table 10. Private industry, full-time workers, by occupational and industry group: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1993-2001 -- Continued Service occupations Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... $10.14 $10.43 $10.49 $10.87 $11.10 $11.39 $11.77 $11.90 $12.20 Wages and salaries ................................ 7.44 7.57 7.60 7.88 8.12 8.38 8.70 8.77 9.04 Total benefits .......................................... 2.69 2.86 2.89 2.99 2.98 3.02 3.07 3.13 3.15 Paid leave ........................................... .54 .58 .60 .63 .62 .63 .64 .66 .68 Supplemental pay ............................... .16 .18 .20 .22 .22 .23 .25 .23 .23 Insurance ............................................ .72 .79 .77 .76 .75 .77 .76 .83 .83 Retirement and savings ...................... .16 .19 .20 .22 .20 .21 .20 .21 .25 Legally required benefits .................... 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.15 1.18 1.17 1.21 1.19 1.16 Other benefits 2................................... 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() Percent of total compensation by year 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ 73.4 72.6 72.4 72.5 73.2 73.6 73.9 73.7 74.1 Total benefits .......................................... 26.6 27.4 27.6 27.5 26.8 26.5 26.1 26.3 25.8 Paid leave ........................................... 5.3 5.6 5.7 5.8 5.6 5.5 5.4 5.5 5.6 Supplemental pay ............................... 1.6 1.7 1.9 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.1 1.9 1.9 Insurance ............................................ 7.1 7.5 7.3 7.0 6.8 6.8 6.5 7.0 6.8 Retirement and savings ...................... 1.6 1.9 1.9 2.0 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.8 2.0 Legally required benefits .................... 10.9 10.7 10.7 10.6 10.6 10.3 10.3 10.0 9.5 Other benefits 2................................... 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 1Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.2Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.

3Less than .05 percent.Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 79 - Table 10. Private industry, full-time workers, by occupational and industry group: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1993 1-2001 -- Continued Goods-producing industries 2 Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... – – $21.07 $21.54 $22.12 $22.58 $23.20 $23.90 $24.72 Wages and salaries ................................ – – 14.14 14.53 15.07 15.53 16.04 16.45 17.05 Total benefits .......................................... – – 6.92 7.01 7.05 7.05 7.16 7.44 7.68 Paid leave ........................................... – – 1.41 1.46 1.48 1.51 1.54 1.55 1.64 Supplemental pay ............................... – – .79 .87 .84 .87 .86 1.04 1.09 Insurance ............................................ – – 1.70 1.70 1.67 1.66 1.70 1.81 1.89 Retirement and savings ...................... – – .84 .81 .87 .85 .86 .86 .85 Legally required benefits .................... – – 2.10 2.10 2.12 2.10 2.13 2.11 2.16 Other benefits 3................................... – – .08 .07 .07 .07 .07 .07 .05 Percent of total compensation by year 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... – – 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ – – 67.1 67.4 68.1 68.8 69.1 68.8 69.0 Total benefits .......................................... – – 32.9 32.6 31.9 31.2 30.9 31.1 31.1 Paid leave ........................................... – – 6.7 6.8 6.7 6.7 6.6 6.5 6.6 Supplemental pay ............................... – – 3.8 4.0 3.8 3.9 3.7 4.4 4.4 Insurance ............................................ – – 8.1 7.9 7.6 7.4 7.3 7.6 7.6 Retirement and savings ...................... – – 4.0 3.8 3.9 3.8 3.7 3.6 3.4 Legally required benefits .................... – – 10.0 9.7 9.6 9.3 9.2 8.8 8.7 Other benefits 3................................... – – .4 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .2 1This series began in 1995.2Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.3Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.– Data not available.

Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 80 - Table 10. Private industry, full-time workers, by occupational and industry group: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1993 1-2001 -- Continued Construction Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... – – $21.38 $21.88 $21.78 $22.06 $22.96 $23.75 $24.28 Wages and salaries ................................ – – 14.62 15.01 15.31 15.71 16.32 16.84 17.16 Total benefits .......................................... – – 6.76 6.87 6.47 6.35 6.63 6.91 7.12 Paid leave ........................................... – – .68 .73 .71 .70 .73 .79 .86 Supplemental pay ............................... – – .68 .71 .59 .61 .68 .96 1.02 Insurance ............................................ – – 1.43 1.46 1.39 1.32 1.41 1.48 1.54 Retirement and savings ...................... – – 1.00 1.08 1.07 1.05 1.12 1.08 1.07 Legally required benefits .................... – – 2.95 2.89 2.72 2.66 2.69 2.60 2.63 Other benefits 3................................... – – 2() 2() 2() 2() 2() 2() 2() Percent of total compensation by year 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... – – 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ – – 68.4 68.6 70.3 71.2 71.1 70.9 70.7 Total benefits .......................................... – – 31.6 31.4 29.7 28.8 28.9 29.1 29.3 Paid leave ........................................... – – 3.2 3.3 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.3 3.5 Supplemental pay ............................... – – 3.2 3.2 2.7 2.8 3.0 4.0 4.2 Insurance ............................................ – – 6.7 6.7 6.4 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 Retirement and savings ...................... – – 4.7 4.9 4.9 4.8 4.9 4.5 4.4 Legally required benefits .................... – – 13.8 13.2 12.5 12.1 11.7 10.9 10.8 Other benefits 3................................... – – 4() 4() 4() 4() 4() 4() 4() 1This series began in 1995.2Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.3Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.

4Less than .05 percent.– Data not available.

Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 81 - Table 10. Private industry, full-time workers, by occupational and industry group: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1993 1-2001 -- Continued Manufacturing Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... – – $20.78 $21.25 $22.10 $22.60 $23.11 $23.74 $24.66 Wages and salaries ................................ – – 13.90 14.28 14.94 15.40 15.85 16.21 16.87 Total benefits .......................................... – – 6.88 6.97 7.16 7.19 7.26 7.53 7.79 Paid leave ........................................... – – 1.57 1.63 1.69 1.72 1.77 1.78 1.89 Supplemental pay ............................... – – .82 .90 .89 .93 .91 1.06 1.11 Insurance ............................................ – – 1.76 1.75 1.74 1.74 1.78 1.89 1.97 Retirement and savings ...................... – – .77 .72 .80 .78 .77 .77 .76 Legally required benefits .................... – – 1.88 1.88 1.94 1.93 1.95 1.94 1.97 Other benefits 2................................... – – .09 .09 .08 .08 .08 .09 .07 Percent of total compensation by year 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... – – 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ – – 66.9 67.2 67.6 68.1 68.6 68.3 68.4 Total benefits .......................................... – – 33.1 32.8 32.4 31.8 31.4 31.7 31.6 Paid leave ........................................... – – 7.6 7.7 7.6 7.6 7.7 7.5 7.7 Supplemental pay ............................... – – 3.9 4.2 4.0 4.1 3.9 4.5 4.5 Insurance ............................................ – – 8.5 8.3 7.9 7.7 7.7 8.0 8.0 Retirement and savings ...................... – – 3.7 3.4 3.6 3.5 3.3 3.2 3.1 Legally required benefits .................... – – 9.0 8.8 8.8 8.5 8.4 8.2 8.0 Other benefits 2................................... – – .4 .4 .4 .4 .3 .4 .3 1This series began in 1995.2Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.

– Data not available.Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 82 - Table 10. Private industry, full-time workers, by occupational and industry group: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1993-2001 -- Continued Service-producing industries 1 Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... $17.71 $18.48 $18.70 $19.33 $19.61 $20.26 $20.87 $22.09 $23.07 Wages and salaries ................................ 12.78 13.30 13.52 14.00 14.32 14.81 15.25 16.17 16.85 Total benefits .......................................... 4.93 5.18 5.18 5.33 5.28 5.44 5.61 5.92 6.22 Paid leave ........................................... 1.25 1.30 1.30 1.35 1.34 1.38 1.43 1.57 1.69 Supplemental pay ............................... .40 .44 .46 .48 .53 .60 .59 .60 .60 Insurance ............................................ 1.24 1.30 1.27 1.27 1.18 1.20 1.26 1.33 1.42 Retirement and savings ...................... .48 .52 .54 .61 .57 .59 .62 .66 .72 Legally required benefits .................... 1.53 1.60 1.60 1.61 1.64 1.65 1.69 1.73 1.78 Other benefits 2................................... .02 .02 .02 .02 .02 .02 .02 .02 .02 Percent of total compensation by year 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ 72.2 72.0 72.3 72.4 73.1 73.1 73.1 73.2 73.0 Total benefits .......................................... 27.8 28.0 27.7 27.6 26.9 26.9 26.9 26.8 27.0 Paid leave ........................................... 7.1 7.0 7.0 7.0 6.8 6.8 6.9 7.1 7.3 Supplemental pay ............................... 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.5 2.7 3.0 2.8 2.7 2.6 Insurance ............................................ 7.0 7.0 6.8 6.5 6.0 5.9 6.0 6.0 6.2 Retirement and savings ...................... 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.2 2.9 2.9 3.0 3.0 3.1 Legally required benefits .................... 8.7 8.6 8.5 8.3 8.4 8.1 8.1 7.8 7.7 Other benefits 2................................... .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 1Includes transportation, communication, and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and service industries.

2Includes severance pay and supplementalunemployment benefits.

Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 83 - Table 10. Private industry, full-time workers, by occupational and industry group: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1993 1-2001 -- Continued Transportation and public utilities Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... – – $24.66 $25.82 – $25.33 $26.64 $27.89 $29.45 Wages and salaries ................................ – – 16.75 17.42 – 17.49 18.34 19.04 20.09 Total benefits .......................................... – – 7.92 8.40 – 7.84 8.30 8.85 9.36 Paid leave ........................................... – – 1.96 2.01 – 1.90 2.02 2.17 2.16 Supplemental pay ............................... – – .65 .64 – .71 .79 1.05 1.29 Insurance ............................................ – – 2.05 2.17 – 1.95 1.97 2.09 2.20 Retirement and savings ...................... – – .91 1.23 – 1.08 1.21 1.26 1.38 Legally required benefits .................... – – 2.32 2.31 – 2.15 2.24 2.24 2.28 Other benefits 2................................... – – .02 .03 – .04 .07 .05 .04 Percent of total compensation by year 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... – – 100.0 100.0 – 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ – – 67.9 67.5 – 69.0 68.8 68.3 68.2 Total benefits .......................................... – – 32.1 32.5 – 31.0 31.2 31.7 31.8 Paid leave ........................................... – – 7.9 7.8 – 7.5 7.6 7.8 7.3 Supplemental pay ............................... – – 2.6 2.5 – 2.8 3.0 3.8 4.4 Insurance ............................................ – – 8.3 8.4 – 7.7 7.4 7.5 7.5 Retirement and savings ...................... – – 3.7 4.8 – 4.3 4.5 4.5 4.7 Legally required benefits .................... – – 9.4 8.9 – 8.5 8.4 8.0 7.7 Other benefits 2................................... – – .1 .1 – .2 .3 .2 .1 1This series began in 1995.2Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.

– Data not available.Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 84 - Table 10. Private industry, full-time workers, by occupational and industry group: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1993 1-2001 -- Continued Wholesale trade Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... – – $19.46 $19.88 $20.77 $21.63 $21.91 $22.94 $23.76 Wages and salaries ................................ – – 14.08 14.53 15.09 15.68 15.75 16.40 17.13 Total benefits .......................................... – – 5.38 5.35 5.68 5.95 6.16 6.54 6.63 Paid leave ........................................... – – 1.25 1.24 1.31 1.37 1.38 1.46 1.63 Supplemental pay ............................... – – .51 .49 .58 .67 .73 .82 .73 Insurance ............................................ – – 1.33 1.35 1.37 1.41 1.50 1.56 1.64 Retirement and savings ...................... – – .56 .51 .61 .65 .73 .75 .68 Legally required benefits .................... – – 1.70 1.74 1.79 1.83 1.81 1.92 1.92 Other benefits 2................................... – – .02 .02 .02 .02 .02 .02 .03 Percent of total compensation by year 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... – – 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ – – 72.4 73.1 72.6 72.5 71.9 71.5 72.1 Total benefits .......................................... – – 27.6 26.9 27.4 27.5 28.1 28.5 27.9 Paid leave ........................................... – – 6.4 6.2 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.4 6.9 Supplemental pay ............................... – – 2.6 2.5 2.8 3.1 3.3 3.6 3.1 Insurance ............................................ – – 6.8 6.8 6.6 6.5 6.8 6.8 6.9 Retirement and savings ...................... – – 2.9 2.6 2.9 3.0 3.3 3.3 2.9 Legally required benefits .................... – – 8.8 8.8 8.6 8.5 8.3 8.4 8.1 Other benefits 2................................... – – .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 1This series began in 1995.2Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.

– Data not available.Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 85 - Table 10. Private industry, full-time workers, by occupational and industry group: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1993-2001 -- Continued Retail trade Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... $11.34 $11.89 $12.25 $12.43 $12.87 $13.32 $13.78 $14.31 $14.71 Wages and salaries ................................ 8.62 9.09 9.40 9.60 9.95 10.33 10.66 11.15 11.44 Total benefits .......................................... 2.72 2.80 2.85 2.82 2.92 2.99 3.12 3.16 3.26 Paid leave ........................................... .55 .59 .58 .58 .60 .64 .67 .68 .74 Supplemental pay ............................... .22 .21 .24 .22 .27 .27 .27 .29 .25 Insurance ............................................ .64 .63 .63 .63 .62 .62 .63 .66 .72 Retirement and savings ...................... .14 .15 .17 .18 .18 .19 .20 .20 .24 Legally required benefits .................... 1.17 1.20 1.23 1.21 1.25 1.27 1.34 1.33 1.32 Other benefits 2................................... 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() Percent of total compensation by year 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ 76.0 76.4 76.7 77.3 77.3 77.6 77.4 77.9 77.8 Total benefits .......................................... 24.0 23.6 23.3 22.7 22.7 22.4 22.6 22.1 22.2 Paid leave ........................................... 4.8 4.9 4.7 4.6 4.6 4.8 4.9 4.8 5.0 Supplemental pay ............................... 2.0 1.8 1.9 1.8 2.1 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.7 Insurance ............................................ 5.6 5.3 5.2 5.0 4.8 4.7 4.6 4.6 4.9 Retirement and savings ...................... 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.6 Legally required benefits .................... 10.3 10.1 10.0 9.7 9.7 9.5 9.7 9.3 9.0 Other benefits 2................................... 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 1Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.2Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.

3Less than .05 percent.Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 86 - Table 10. Private industry, full-time workers, by occupational and industry group: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1993 1-2001 -- Continued Finance, insurance, and real estate Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... – – $22.69 $23.87 $24.15 $25.56 $26.52 $28.50 $29.08 Wages and salaries ................................ – – 15.96 16.93 17.21 18.02 18.69 20.30 20.52 Total benefits .......................................... – – 6.73 6.94 6.95 7.54 7.83 8.20 8.56 Paid leave ........................................... – – 1.68 1.78 1.83 1.89 1.95 2.08 2.23 Supplemental pay ............................... – – 1.00 .95 .86 1.27 1.35 1.32 1.33 Insurance ............................................ – – 1.58 1.63 1.61 1.64 1.72 1.79 1.83 Retirement and savings ...................... – – .81 .89 .93 .97 1.00 1.11 1.18 Legally required benefits .................... – – 1.62 1.66 1.67 1.73 1.77 1.86 1.93 Other benefits 2................................... – – .04 .04 .05 .05 .05 .04 .06 Percent of total compensation by year 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... – – 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ – – 70.3 70.9 71.2 70.5 70.5 71.2 70.6 Total benefits .......................................... – – 29.7 29.1 28.8 29.5 29.5 28.8 29.4 Paid leave ........................................... – – 7.4 7.5 7.6 7.4 7.4 7.3 7.7 Supplemental pay ............................... – – 4.4 4.0 3.6 5.0 5.1 4.6 4.6 Insurance ............................................ – – 7.0 6.8 6.7 6.4 6.5 6.3 6.3 Retirement and savings ...................... – – 3.6 3.7 3.9 3.8 3.8 3.9 4.1 Legally required benefits .................... – – 7.1 7.0 6.9 6.8 6.7 6.5 6.6 Other benefits 2................................... – – .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .1 .2 1This series began in 1995.2Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.

– Data not available.Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 87 - Table 10. Private industry, full-time workers, by occupational and industry group: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1993-2001 -- Continued Service industries Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... $18.01 $18.65 $18.85 $19.58 $19.80 $20.42 $20.90 $22.18 $23.54 Wages and salaries ................................ 13.12 13.53 13.75 14.26 14.59 15.10 15.51 16.48 17.42 Total benefits .......................................... 4.89 5.11 5.10 5.32 5.21 5.32 5.39 5.69 6.11 Paid leave ........................................... 1.31 1.36 1.37 1.45 1.42 1.46 1.51 1.70 1.86 Supplemental pay ............................... .34 .37 .36 .43 .52 .52 .45 .41 .40 Insurance ............................................ 1.20 1.28 1.26 1.23 1.10 1.13 1.20 1.27 1.38 Retirement and savings ...................... .51 .53 .54 .61 .53 .55 .56 .60 .67 Legally required benefits .................... 1.51 1.56 1.56 1.59 1.63 1.64 1.67 1.70 1.79 Other benefits 2................................... .02 .02 .02 1( ) .02 1() 1( ) .02 1() Percent of total compensation by year 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ 72.8 72.6 72.9 72.8 73.7 73.9 74.2 74.3 74.0 Total benefits .......................................... 27.2 27.4 27.1 27.2 26.3 26.1 25.8 25.7 26.0 Paid leave ........................................... 7.3 7.3 7.3 7.4 7.2 7.1 7.2 7.7 7.9 Supplemental pay ............................... 1.9 2.0 1.9 2.2 2.6 2.5 2.2 1.8 1.7 Insurance ............................................ 6.7 6.9 6.7 6.3 5.5 5.5 5.7 5.7 5.9 Retirement and savings ...................... 2.8 2.8 2.8 3.1 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.8 Legally required benefits .................... 8.4 8.4 8.3 8.1 8.2 8.0 8.0 7.7 7.6 Other benefits 2................................... .1 .1 .1 3() .1 3() 3() .1 3() 1Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.2Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.

3Less than .05 percent.Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 88 - Table 11. Private industry, part-time workers, by occupational and industry group: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1993-2001 All workers Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... $9.00 $8.80 $8.98 $9.19 $9.60 $10.01 $10.20 $10.75 $11.65 Wages and salaries ................................ 7.12 6.97 7.17 7.38 7.75 8.10 8.29 8.70 9.41 Total benefits .......................................... 1.89 1.83 1.81 1.82 1.85 1.90 1.91 2.04 2.25 Paid leave ........................................... .30 .27 .25 .25 .27 .27 .28 .33 .37 Supplemental pay ............................... .16 .14 .14 .15 .14 .15 .15 .17 .18 Insurance ............................................ .31 .30 .28 .27 .25 .27 .25 .28 .36 Retirement and savings ...................... .11 .11 .10 .13 .13 .14 .15 .16 .15 Legally required benefits .................... 1.01 1.02 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.08 1.08 1.11 1.18 Other benefits 2................................... 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() Percent of total compensation by year 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ 79.1 79.2 79.9 80.2 80.8 80.9 81.3 80.9 80.8 Total benefits .......................................... 20.9 20.8 20.1 19.8 19.2 19.0 18.7 19.0 19.3 Paid leave ........................................... 3.3 3.0 2.8 2.7 2.8 2.7 2.7 3.1 3.2 Supplemental pay ............................... 1.7 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.5 Insurance ............................................ 3.4 3.4 3.2 2.9 2.6 2.7 2.5 2.6 3.1 Retirement and savings ...................... 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.3 Legally required benefits .................... 11.2 11.6 11.4 11.2 10.9 10.8 10.6 10.3 10.1 Other benefits 2................................... 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 1Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.2Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.

3Less than .05 percent.Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 89 - Table 11. Private industry, part-time workers, by occupational and industry group: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1993-2001 -- Continued White-collar occupations Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... $10.99 $10.99 $11.34 $11.71 $11.89 $12.52 $12.89 $13.53 $14.31 Wages and salaries ................................ 8.71 8.72 9.05 9.41 9.64 10.14 10.49 10.91 11.55 Total benefits .......................................... 2.28 2.27 2.29 2.30 2.25 2.38 2.40 2.62 2.76 Paid leave ........................................... .44 .41 .39 .39 .42 .43 .46 .53 .54 Supplemental pay ............................... .22 .20 .22 .22 .19 .20 .20 .23 .25 Insurance ............................................ .37 .40 .39 .37 .32 .38 .33 .39 .46 Retirement and savings ...................... .15 .15 .15 .17 .17 .18 .19 .22 .20 Legally required benefits .................... 1.10 1.11 1.14 1.15 1.15 1.18 1.21 1.25 1.31 Other benefits 2................................... 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() Percent of total compensation by year 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ 79.2 79.3 79.8 80.4 81.1 81.0 81.4 80.6 80.7 Total benefits .......................................... 20.8 20.7 20.2 19.6 18.9 19.0 18.6 19.4 19.3 Paid leave ........................................... 4.0 3.7 3.4 3.3 3.5 3.4 3.6 3.9 3.8 Supplemental pay ............................... 2.0 1.8 1.9 1.9 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.7 Insurance ............................................ 3.4 3.6 3.5 3.1 2.7 3.0 2.6 2.9 3.2 Retirement and savings ...................... 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.4 Legally required benefits .................... 10.0 10.1 10.1 9.8 9.7 9.4 9.4 9.2 9.2 Other benefits 2................................... 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 1Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.2Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.

3Less than .05 percent.Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 90 - Table 11. Private industry, part-time workers, by occupational and industry group: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1993-2001 -- Continued Sales occupations Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... $7.10 $7.40 $7.57 $7.79 $7.68 $8.03 $8.42 $8.74 $8.89 Wages and salaries ................................ 5.66 5.92 6.07 6.25 6.25 6.57 6.94 7.12 7.36 Total benefits .......................................... 1.44 1.48 1.50 1.54 1.42 1.46 1.48 1.62 1.53 Paid leave ........................................... .24 .23 .22 .22 .18 .19 .18 .21 .22 Supplemental pay ............................... .09 .10 .11 .13 .12 .12 .12 .13 .10 Insurance ............................................ .23 .25 .25 .25 .22 .20 .19 .25 .18 Retirement and savings ...................... .09 .08 .08 .11 .10 .10 .11 .13 .11 Legally required benefits .................... .79 .81 .84 .83 .80 .84 .87 .90 .92 Other benefits 2................................... 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() Percent of total compensation by year 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ 79.6 80.0 80.2 80.2 81.4 81.8 82.4 81.5 82.8 Total benefits .......................................... 20.4 20.0 19.8 19.8 18.6 18.2 17.6 18.5 17.2 Paid leave ........................................... 3.4 3.2 3.0 2.9 2.3 2.4 2.1 2.4 2.5 Supplemental pay ............................... 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.7 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.1 Insurance ............................................ 3.2 3.4 3.3 3.2 2.9 2.5 2.3 2.9 2.0 Retirement and savings ...................... 1.3 1.1 1.0 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.5 1.2 Legally required benefits .................... 11.2 11.0 11.1 10.6 10.5 10.5 10.3 10.3 10.3 Other benefits 2................................... 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 1Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.2Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.

3Less than .05 percent.Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 91 - Table 11. Private industry, part-time workers, by occupational and industry group: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1993-2001 -- Continued Administrative support, including clerical occupations Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... $9.94 $9.90 $10.21 $10.19 $10.98 $11.53 $11.71 $12.14 $12.59 Wages and salaries ................................ 7.91 7.79 8.12 8.18 8.82 9.10 9.48 9.69 10.00 Total benefits .......................................... 2.03 2.11 2.09 2.01 2.16 2.43 2.22 2.45 2.59 Paid leave ........................................... .38 .37 .36 .36 .43 .43 .43 .50 .51 Supplemental pay ............................... .12 .12 .16 .13 .16 .21 .17 .19 .21 Insurance ............................................ .41 .44 .40 .36 .34 .57 .35 .43 .55 Retirement and savings ...................... .14 .16 .17 .16 .17 .18 .18 .25 .20 Legally required benefits .................... .97 1.00 1.00 .99 1.05 1.05 1.08 1.08 1.11 Other benefits 2................................... 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() Percent of total compensation by year 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ 79.6 78.7 79.5 80.3 80.3 78.9 81.0 79.8 79.4 Total benefits .......................................... 20.4 21.3 20.5 19.7 19.7 21.1 19.0 20.2 20.6 Paid leave ........................................... 3.8 3.8 3.5 3.6 3.9 3.7 3.7 4.1 4.1 Supplemental pay ............................... 1.2 1.2 1.6 1.3 1.4 1.8 1.5 1.6 1.7 Insurance ............................................ 4.1 4.5 4.0 3.5 3.1 4.9 3.0 3.5 4.4 Retirement and savings ...................... 1.4 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.5 2.1 1.6 Legally required benefits .................... 9.8 10.1 9.8 9.7 9.6 9.1 9.2 8.9 8.8 Other benefits 2................................... 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 1Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.2Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.

3Less than .05 percent.Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 92 - Table 11. Private industry, part-time workers, by occupational and industry group: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1993-2001 -- Continued Blue-collar occupations Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... $9.38 $9.40 $9.16 $9.37 $9.66 $9.86 $10.02 $10.76 $11.53 Wages and salaries ................................ 6.97 7.06 7.06 7.22 7.32 7.54 7.70 8.29 8.87 Total benefits .......................................... 2.42 2.33 2.11 2.14 2.35 2.32 2.32 2.47 2.66 Paid leave ........................................... .28 .24 .20 .21 .22 .22 .22 .27 .37 Supplemental pay ............................... .18 .17 .16 .17 .23 .24 .23 .26 .23 Insurance ............................................ .53 .47 .38 .34 .42 .40 .38 .41 .50 Retirement and savings ...................... .19 .20 .19 .24 .31 .25 .29 .29 .26 Legally required benefits .................... 1.24 1.25 1.16 1.18 1.17 1.21 1.20 1.23 1.30 Other benefits 2................................... 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() Percent of total compensation by year 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ 74.3 75.2 77.0 77.1 75.7 76.5 76.8 77.0 76.9 Total benefits .......................................... 25.7 24.8 23.0 22.9 24.3 23.5 23.2 23.0 23.1 Paid leave ........................................... 3.0 2.6 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.5 3.2 Supplemental pay ............................... 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.9 2.4 2.4 2.3 2.4 2.0 Insurance ............................................ 5.6 5.0 4.2 3.6 4.4 4.1 3.8 3.8 4.3 Retirement and savings ...................... 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.6 3.2 2.5 2.9 2.7 2.3 Legally required benefits .................... 13.2 13.3 12.7 12.6 12.1 12.3 12.0 11.4 11.3 Other benefits 2................................... 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 1Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.2Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.

3Less than .05 percent.Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 93 - Table 11. Private industry, part-time workers, by occupational and industry group: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1993-2001 -- Continued Service occupations Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... $6.36 $6.18 $6.24 $6.41 $6.94 $7.41 $7.46 $7.76 $8.21 Wages and salaries ................................ 5.17 5.00 5.08 5.23 5.73 6.15 6.22 6.48 6.83 Total benefits .......................................... 1.20 1.18 1.16 1.19 1.21 1.26 1.24 1.28 1.38 Paid leave ........................................... .13 .11 .11 .11 .13 .12 .13 .14 .14 Supplemental pay ............................... .07 .05 .05 .06 .06 .06 .07 .07 .08 Insurance ............................................ .15 .13 .13 .14 .11 .11 .11 .11 .17 Retirement and savings ...................... .03 .03 .02 .03 .03 .05 .05 .05 .04 Legally required benefits .................... .81 .85 .85 .84 .88 .91 .88 .92 .96 Other benefits 2................................... 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() Percent of total compensation by year 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ 81.2 80.9 81.4 81.5 82.6 83.0 83.4 83.5 83.2 Total benefits .......................................... 18.8 19.1 18.6 18.5 17.4 17.0 16.6 16.5 16.8 Paid leave ........................................... 2.0 1.9 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.7 Supplemental pay ............................... 1.0 .9 .9 .9 .9 .8 .9 .9 1.0 Insurance ............................................ 2.4 2.1 2.0 2.2 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.4 2.1 Retirement and savings ...................... .5 .5 .4 .5 .5 .7 .7 .6 .5 Legally required benefits .................... 12.8 13.7 13.6 13.2 12.6 12.3 11.8 11.9 11.7 Other benefits 2................................... 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 1Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.2Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.

3Less than .05 percent.Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 94 - Table 11. Private industry, part-time workers, by occupational and industry group: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1993 1-2001 -- Continued Goods-producing industries 2 Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... – – $10.80 $10.92 $12.07 $12.21 $11.78 $12.25 $13.31 Wages and salaries ................................ – – 8.37 8.61 9.28 9.52 9.39 9.65 10.28 Total benefits .......................................... – – 2.43 2.32 2.79 2.69 2.39 2.60 3.03 Paid leave ........................................... – – .26 .30 .29 .25 .23 .33 .43 Supplemental pay ............................... – – .27 .21 .30 .30 .24 .28 .29 Insurance ............................................ – – .44 .27 .28 .27 .30 .35 .46 Retirement and savings ...................... – – .10 .12 .13 .12 .11 .17 .31 Legally required benefits .................... – – 1.36 1.41 1.79 1.74 1.51 1.47 1.54 Other benefits 4................................... – – 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() Percent of total compensation by year 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... – – 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ – – 77.5 78.8 76.8 78.0 79.7 78.8 77.2 Total benefits .......................................... – – 22.5 21.2 23.2 22.0 20.3 21.2 22.8 Paid leave ........................................... – – 2.4 2.8 2.4 2.0 2.0 2.7 3.2 Supplemental pay ............................... – – 2.5 1.9 2.5 2.5 2.0 2.3 2.2 Insurance ............................................ – – 4.1 2.5 2.4 2.2 2.5 2.9 3.5 Retirement and savings ...................... – – .9 1.1 1.0 1.0 .9 1.4 2.3 Legally required benefits .................... – – 12.6 12.9 14.8 14.3 12.8 12.0 11.6 Other benefits 4................................... – – 5() 5() 5() 5() 5() 5() 5() 1This series began in 1995.2Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.3Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.4Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits. 5Less than .05 percent.

– Data not available.

Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 95 - Table 11. Private industry, part-time workers, by occupational and industry group: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1993-2001 -- Continued Service-producing industries 1 Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... $8.88 $8.72 $8.91 $9.15 $9.53 $9.93 $10.15 $10.70 $11.60 Wages and salaries ................................ 7.02 6.91 7.13 7.34 7.71 8.06 8.26 8.67 9.38 Total benefits .......................................... 1.86 1.81 1.78 1.80 1.82 1.88 1.89 2.03 2.22 Paid leave ........................................... .29 .26 .25 .25 .27 .27 .29 .33 .37 Supplemental pay ............................... .16 .13 .14 .14 .14 .14 .15 .16 .18 Insurance ............................................ .31 .29 .28 .27 .25 .27 .24 .28 .36 Retirement and savings ...................... .11 .11 .10 .13 .13 .14 .15 .16 .14 Legally required benefits .................... .99 1.01 1.01 1.02 1.02 1.05 1.06 1.10 1.17 Other benefits 3................................... 2() 2() 2() 2() 2() 2() 2() 2() 2() Percent of total compensation by year 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ 79.0 79.2 80.0 80.3 80.9 81.2 81.4 81.0 80.9 Total benefits .......................................... 21.0 20.8 20.0 19.7 19.1 18.9 18.6 19.0 19.1 Paid leave ........................................... 3.3 3.0 2.8 2.7 2.9 2.7 2.9 3.1 3.2 Supplemental pay ............................... 1.8 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.6 Insurance ............................................ 3.5 3.4 3.1 2.9 2.7 2.7 2.4 2.6 3.1 Retirement and savings ...................... 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.2 Legally required benefits .................... 11.2 11.6 11.4 11.1 10.7 10.6 10.4 10.3 10.1 Other benefits 3................................... 4() 4() 4() 4() 4() 4() 4() 4() 4() 1Includes transportation, communication, and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and service industries.

2Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.3Includes severance pay and supplementalunemployment benefits. 4Less than .05 percent.

Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 96 - Table 11. Private industry, part-time workers, by occupational and industry group: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1993-2001 -- Continued Retail trade industries Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... $6.57 $6.35 $6.52 $6.68 $6.99 $7.37 $7.46 $7.83 $8.24 Wages and salaries ................................ 5.28 5.12 5.29 5.42 5.68 6.04 6.13 6.43 6.79 Total benefits .......................................... 1.30 1.23 1.23 1.27 1.31 1.33 1.33 1.41 1.44 Paid leave ........................................... .17 .14 .13 .13 .13 .13 .13 .15 .17 Supplemental pay ............................... .08 .07 .07 .09 .08 .08 .09 .09 .09 Insurance ............................................ .19 .16 .17 .17 .19 .17 .16 .19 .19 Retirement and savings ...................... .06 .06 .05 .07 .07 .07 .09 .09 .08 Legally required benefits .................... .79 .80 .81 .80 .82 .87 .86 .89 .91 Other benefits 2................................... 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() Percent of total compensation by year 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ 80.3 80.6 81.1 81.1 81.3 82.0 82.2 82.1 82.4 Total benefits .......................................... 19.7 19.4 18.9 18.9 18.7 18.0 17.8 18.0 17.5 Paid leave ........................................... 2.6 2.1 2.0 2.0 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.9 2.1 Supplemental pay ............................... 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.4 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.1 Insurance ............................................ 2.9 2.5 2.6 2.5 2.7 2.3 2.1 2.4 2.3 Retirement and savings ...................... 1.0 .9 .8 1.0 1.1 .9 1.2 1.1 1.0 Legally required benefits .................... 12.0 12.7 12.4 12.0 11.8 11.8 11.5 11.4 11.0 Other benefits 2................................... 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 1Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.2Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.

3Less than .05 percent.Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 97 - Table 11. Private industry, part-time workers, by occupational and industry group: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1993-2001 -- Continued Service industries Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... $11.09 $11.10 $11.27 $11.18 $12.13 $12.47 $12.62 $13.17 $14.55 Wages and salaries ................................ 8.78 8.79 8.98 8.99 9.88 10.18 10.33 10.76 11.84 Total benefits .......................................... 2.32 2.31 2.29 2.19 2.26 2.29 2.29 2.41 2.70 Paid leave ........................................... .41 .38 .38 .34 .41 .40 .42 .47 .51 Supplemental pay ............................... .24 .21 .21 .19 .19 .19 .19 .20 .23 Insurance ............................................ .37 .39 .36 .32 .28 .33 .28 .29 .42 Retirement and savings ...................... .12 .13 .12 .13 .15 .16 .17 .17 .15 Legally required benefits .................... 1.17 1.20 1.21 1.20 1.22 1.22 1.23 1.27 1.38 Other benefits 2................................... 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() Percent of total compensation by year 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ 79.1 79.2 79.7 80.4 81.4 81.6 81.9 81.7 81.4 Total benefits .......................................... 20.9 20.8 20.3 19.6 18.6 18.4 18.1 18.3 18.6 Paid leave ........................................... 3.7 3.5 3.4 3.1 3.4 3.2 3.3 3.6 3.5 Supplemental pay ............................... 2.2 1.8 1.9 1.7 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.6 Insurance ............................................ 3.3 3.5 3.2 2.9 2.3 2.6 2.2 2.2 2.9 Retirement and savings ...................... 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.0 Legally required benefits .................... 10.6 10.8 10.7 10.7 10.1 9.8 9.7 9.6 9.5 Other benefits 2................................... 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 1Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.2Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.

3Less than .05 percent.Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 98 - Table 12. Private industry workers, goods-producing industries, by occupational group: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1988-2001 White-collar occupations Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... $20.41 $21.36 $22.44 $23.65 $24.51 $25.65 $26.29 $27.37 $28.52 $29.26 $29.71 $30.77 $31.53 $32.90 Wages and salaries ................................ 14.70 15.29 16.06 16.89 17.43 17.99 18.32 19.25 20.01 20.78 21.27 22.09 22.47 23.30 Total benefits .......................................... 5.71 6.07 6.38 6.76 7.08 7.67 7.98 8.13 8.51 8.47 8.44 8.68 9.06 9.60 Paid leave ........................................... 1.75 1.85 1.91 2.02 2.07 2.16 2.16 2.24 2.39 2.46 2.47 2.58 2.57 2.70 Supplemental pay ............................... .39 .43 .51 .52 .49 .56 .62 .83 .97 .77 .75 .79 1.13 1.29 Insurance ............................................ 1.23 1.44 1.51 1.63 1.80 1.98 2.08 1.83 1.90 1.83 1.86 1.91 2.04 2.20 Retirement and savings ...................... .79 .71 .77 .80 .83 .91 .90 .99 .96 1.06 1.01 1.01 .94 1.01 Legally required benefits .................... 1.52 1.59 1.67 1.76 1.86 1.93 2.04 2.13 2.19 2.25 2.25 2.29 2.28 2.32 Other benefits 1................................... .04 .04 .03 .03 .04 .13 .17 .09 .10 .09 .09 .09 .10 .07 Percent of total compensation by year 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ 72.0 71.6 71.6 71.4 71.1 70.1 69.7 70.3 70.2 71.0 71.6 71.8 71.3 70.8 Total benefits .......................................... 28.0 28.4 28.4 28.6 28.9 29.9 30.3 29.7 29.8 29.0 28.4 28.2 28.7 29.2 Paid leave ........................................... 8.6 8.7 8.5 8.5 8.4 8.4 8.2 8.2 8.4 8.4 8.3 8.4 8.2 8.2 Supplemental pay ............................... 1.9 2.0 2.3 2.2 2.0 2.2 2.4 3.0 3.4 2.6 2.5 2.6 3.6 3.9 Insurance ............................................ 6.0 6.7 6.7 6.9 7.3 7.7 7.9 6.7 6.7 6.3 6.3 6.2 6.5 6.7 Retirement and savings ...................... 3.9 3.3 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.5 3.4 3.6 3.4 3.6 3.4 3.3 3.0 3.1 Legally required benefits .................... 7.4 7.5 7.4 7.4 7.6 7.5 7.8 7.8 7.7 7.7 7.6 7.4 7.2 7.1 Other benefits 1................................... .2 .2 .1 .1 .2 .5 .7 .3 .4 .3 .3 .3 .3 .2 1Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits. Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 99 - Table 12. Private industry workers, goods-producing industries, by occupational group: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1988-2001 -- Continued Professional specialty and technical occupations Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... $22.76 $23.92 $25.32 $26.40 $27.87 $29.35 $30.23 $33.21 $34.93 $35.21 $35.69 $36.89 $37.70 $36.95 Wages and salaries ................................ 16.28 17.06 17.98 18.71 19.60 20.29 20.75 23.18 24.28 24.98 25.62 26.55 26.92 25.85 Total benefits .......................................... 6.48 6.86 7.34 7.70 8.27 9.06 9.48 10.03 10.66 10.23 10.07 10.34 10.78 11.10 Paid leave ........................................... 2.03 2.18 2.28 2.36 2.51 2.63 2.68 2.99 3.17 3.23 3.21 3.34 3.46 3.40 Supplemental pay ............................... .39 .43 .40 .46 .48 .57 .75 .99 1.37 .84 .77 .72 .95 1.08 Insurance ............................................ 1.40 1.64 1.76 1.86 2.11 2.39 2.44 2.25 2.28 2.14 2.20 2.24 2.38 2.63 Retirement and savings ...................... .93 .78 .98 1.06 1.07 1.26 1.29 1.23 1.19 1.23 1.12 1.24 1.21 1.26 Legally required benefits .................... 1.67 1.77 1.87 1.91 2.04 2.15 2.24 2.43 2.51 2.64 2.63 2.66 2.64 2.57 Other benefits 1................................... .06 .06 .04 .05 .06 .06 .09 .14 .14 .15 .13 .13 .13 .15 Percent of total compensation by year 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ 71.5 71.3 71.0 70.9 70.3 69.1 68.6 69.8 69.5 71.0 71.8 72.0 71.4 70.0 Total benefits .......................................... 28.5 28.7 29.0 29.1 29.7 30.9 31.4 30.2 30.5 29.0 28.2 28.0 28.6 30.0 Paid leave ........................................... 8.9 9.1 9.0 9.0 9.0 9.0 8.9 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.2 Supplemental pay ............................... 1.7 1.8 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.9 2.5 3.0 3.9 2.4 2.2 2.0 2.5 2.9 Insurance ............................................ 6.1 6.9 7.0 7.0 7.6 8.1 8.1 6.8 6.5 6.1 6.2 6.1 6.3 7.1 Retirement and savings ...................... 4.1 3.3 3.9 4.0 3.8 4.3 4.3 3.7 3.4 3.5 3.1 3.4 3.2 3.4 Legally required benefits .................... 7.3 7.4 7.4 7.2 7.3 7.3 7.4 7.3 7.2 7.5 7.4 7.2 7.0 7.0 Other benefits 1................................... .3 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .3 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .3 .4 1Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits. Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 100 - Table 12. Private industry workers, goods-producing industries, by occupational group: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1988 1-2001 -- Continued Professional specialty occupations Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation ....................................––––––$33.29 $35.66 $37.51 $38.21 $38.63 $39.88 $41.78 $42.10 Wages and salaries ................................––––––23.06 25.06 26.18 27.28 27.93 28.91 30.06 29.71 Total benefits ..........................................––––––10.22 10.59 11.32 10.93 10.70 10.97 11.72 12.38 Paid leave ...........................................––––––2.95 3.21 3.38 3.56 3.54 3.69 3.95 3.98 Supplemental pay ...............................–––––– .841.12 1.55 .83 .73 .67 .90 1.04 Insurance ............................................––––––2.52 2.30 2.34 2.22 2.31 2.32 2.49 2.78 Retirement and savings ......................––––––1.43 1.27 1.27 1.35 1.19 1.33 1.35 1.53 Legally required benefits ....................––––––2.38 2.55 2.65 2.83 2.81 2.82 2.89 2.86 Other benefits 2...................................–––––– .11.15.14.14.13.14.15.19 Percent of total compensation by year 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation ....................................––––––100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................––––––69.3 70.3 69.8 71.4 72.3 72.5 71.9 70.6 Total benefits ..........................................––––––30.7 29.7 30.2 28.6 27.7 27.5 28.1 29.4 Paid leave ...........................................–––––– 8.99.09.09.39.29.39.59.5 Supplemental pay ...............................–––––– 2.53.14.12.21.91.72.22.5 Insurance ............................................–––––– 7.66.56.25.86.05.86.06.6 Retirement and savings ......................–––––– 4.33.63.43.53.13.33.23.6 Legally required benefits ....................–––––– 7.27.17.17.47.37.16.96.8 Other benefits 2...................................–––––– .3.4.4.4.3.4.4.5 1This series began in 1994.2Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.

– Data not available.Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 101 - Table 12. Private industry workers, goods-producing industries, by occupational group: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1988 1-2001 -- Continued Technical occupations Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation ....................................––––––$24.30 $26.54 $27.51 $26.65 $27.07 $28.17 $27.96 $28.51 Wages and salaries ................................––––––16.25 18.06 18.78 18.41 18.86 19.66 19.44 19.52 Total benefits ..........................................––––––8.04 8.48 8.73 8.23 8.21 8.51 8.52 8.99 Paid leave ...........................................––––––2.16 2.38 2.54 2.31 2.25 2.33 2.27 2.44 Supplemental pay ...............................–––––– .57.63.83.87.90.881.09 1.15 Insurance ............................................––––––2.29 2.10 2.10 1.90 1.90 2.01 2.12 2.39 Retirement and savings ......................––––––1.00 1.14 .99 .91 .93 .99 .87 .82 Legally required benefits ....................––––––1.95 2.12 2.12 2.07 2.09 2.21 2.05 2.10 Other benefits 2...................................–––––– .06.12.15.16.14.09.11.09 Percent of total compensation by year 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation ....................................––––––100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................––––––66.9 68.1 68.3 69.1 69.7 69.8 69.5 68.5 Total benefits ..........................................––––––33.1 31.9 31.7 30.9 30.3 30.2 30.5 31.5 Paid leave ...........................................–––––– 8.99.09.28.78.38.38.18.6 Supplemental pay ...............................–––––– 2.42.43.03.33.33.13.94.0 Insurance ............................................–––––– 9.47.97.67.17.07.17.68.4 Retirement and savings ......................–––––– 4.14.33.63.43.43.53.12.9 Legally required benefits ....................–––––– 8.08.07.77.87.77.87.37.4 Other benefits 2...................................–––––– .3.4.5.6.5.3.4.3 1This series began in 1994.2Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.

– Data not available.Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 102 - Table 12. Private industry workers, goods-producing industries, by occupational group: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1988-2001 -- Continued Executive, administrative, and managerial occupations Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... $27.24 $28.63 $32.05 $34.22 $35.15 $37.37 $37.34 $36.39 $37.24 $39.62 $40.03 $42.12 $41.13 $45.41 Wages and salaries ................................ 19.91 20.90 23.31 24.81 25.57 26.81 26.52 25.79 26.49 28.19 28.54 30.04 29.77 32.31 Total benefits .......................................... 7.32 7.73 8.75 9.40 9.58 10.57 10.81 10.60 10.75 11.43 11.49 12.08 11.35 13.10 Paid leave ........................................... 2.43 2.55 2.92 3.11 3.16 3.34 3.20 2.95 3.13 3.40 3.41 3.66 3.38 3.71 Supplemental pay ............................... .59 .66 .81 .88 .71 .80 .79 1.25 1.17 1.10 1.13 1.41 1.27 2.46 Insurance ............................................ 1.33 1.51 1.67 1.79 1.93 2.12 2.32 2.03 2.05 2.13 2.14 2.20 2.26 2.39 Retirement and savings ...................... 1.01 .94 1.12 1.17 1.16 1.24 1.17 1.43 1.37 1.73 1.74 1.59 1.32 1.38 Legally required benefits .................... 1.92 2.03 2.21 2.42 2.58 2.67 2.84 2.84 2.91 2.97 2.96 3.11 2.98 3.12 Other benefits 1................................... .04 .04 .03 .04 .05 .39 .50 .09 .12 .11 .11 .12 .14 .04 Percent of total compensation by year 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ 73.1 73.0 72.7 72.5 72.7 71.7 71.0 70.9 71.1 71.2 71.3 71.3 72.4 71.2 Total benefits .......................................... 26.9 27.0 27.3 27.5 27.3 28.3 29.0 29.1 28.9 28.8 28.7 28.7 27.6 28.8 Paid leave ........................................... 8.9 8.9 9.1 9.1 9.0 8.9 8.6 8.1 8.4 8.6 8.5 8.7 8.2 8.2 Supplemental pay ............................... 2.2 2.3 2.5 2.6 2.0 2.1 2.1 3.4 3.1 2.8 2.8 3.3 3.1 5.4 Insurance ............................................ 4.9 5.3 5.2 5.2 5.5 5.7 6.2 5.6 5.5 5.4 5.3 5.2 5.5 5.3 Retirement and savings ...................... 3.7 3.3 3.5 3.4 3.3 3.3 3.1 3.9 3.7 4.4 4.3 3.8 3.2 3.0 Legally required benefits .................... 7.1 7.1 6.9 7.1 7.3 7.2 7.6 7.8 7.8 7.5 7.4 7.4 7.2 6.9 Other benefits 1................................... .2 .1 .1 .1 .1 1.1 1.3 .2 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .1 1Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits. Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 103 - Table 12. Private industry workers, goods-producing industries, by occupational group: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1988-2001 -- Continued Administrative support, including clerical occupations Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... $12.91 $13.75 $14.02 $14.59 $15.15 $15.75 $16.23 $15.97 $16.43 $16.52 $16.84 $17.17 $18.93 $20.03 Wages and salaries ................................ 9.01 9.49 9.74 10.14 10.43 10.74 11.03 11.12 11.40 11.60 11.95 12.27 12.94 13.97 Total benefits .......................................... 3.90 4.27 4.28 4.46 4.72 5.01 5.20 4.85 5.03 4.91 4.89 4.90 5.98 6.06 Paid leave ........................................... 1.00 1.08 1.03 1.09 1.10 1.13 1.15 1.14 1.19 1.15 1.17 1.18 1.23 1.46 Supplemental pay ............................... .27 .31 .42 .37 .37 .41 .44 .43 .50 .51 .49 .45 1.26 .77 Insurance ............................................ 1.05 1.26 1.23 1.37 1.52 1.65 1.73 1.36 1.45 1.38 1.40 1.47 1.59 1.78 Retirement and savings ...................... .51 .48 .42 .42 .45 .47 .49 .51 .47 .47 .42 .41 .43 .53 Legally required benefits .................... 1.06 1.10 1.15 1.19 1.25 1.31 1.37 1.36 1.37 1.39 1.38 1.36 1.43 1.51 Other benefits 1................................... .03 .03 .02 .02 .02 .02 .03 .05 .06 .03 .04 .05 .04 .02 Percent of total compensation by year 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ 69.8 69.0 69.5 69.5 68.8 68.2 68.0 69.6 69.4 70.3 71.0 71.5 68.4 69.7 Total benefits .......................................... 30.2 31.0 30.5 30.5 31.2 31.8 32.0 30.4 30.6 29.7 29.0 28.5 31.6 30.3 Paid leave ........................................... 7.7 7.9 7.4 7.5 7.3 7.2 7.1 7.1 7.2 6.9 6.9 6.9 6.5 7.3 Supplemental pay ............................... 2.1 2.3 3.0 2.5 2.4 2.6 2.7 2.7 3.0 3.1 2.9 2.6 6.7 3.8 Insurance ............................................ 8.1 9.1 8.8 9.4 10.1 10.5 10.7 8.5 8.8 8.3 8.3 8.6 8.4 8.9 Retirement and savings ...................... 3.9 3.5 3.0 2.9 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.2 2.9 2.8 2.5 2.4 2.3 2.6 Legally required benefits .................... 8.2 8.0 8.2 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.4 8.4 8.2 7.9 7.6 7.5 Other benefits 1................................... .2 .2 .1 .1 .2 .2 .2 .3 .4 .2 .2 .3 .2 .1 1Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits. Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 104 - Table 12. Private industry workers, goods-producing industries, by occupational group: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1988-2001 -- Continued Blue-collar occupations Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... $14.76 $15.46 $15.52 $16.32 $17.22 $18.03 $18.75 $18.24 $18.59 $19.09 $19.42 $19.93 $20.65 $21.23 Wages and salaries ................................ 10.06 10.48 10.50 10.94 11.36 11.74 12.14 11.95 12.28 12.71 13.09 13.52 13.99 14.45 Total benefits .......................................... 4.70 4.98 5.02 5.38 5.86 6.29 6.62 6.29 6.31 6.38 6.33 6.41 6.66 6.78 Paid leave ........................................... .87 .92 .89 .95 1.02 1.06 1.08 1.03 1.06 1.06 1.07 1.09 1.12 1.19 Supplemental pay ............................... .62 .67 .66 .68 .71 .73 .75 .76 .81 .84 .89 .87 .98 .99 Insurance ............................................ 1.06 1.20 1.15 1.31 1.51 1.65 1.77 1.60 1.59 1.56 1.53 1.57 1.67 1.72 Retirement and savings ...................... .53 .52 .55 .59 .65 .72 .83 .76 .74 .78 .76 .78 .80 .77 Legally required benefits .................... 1.58 1.62 1.73 1.81 1.91 2.02 2.12 2.07 2.05 2.07 2.04 2.05 2.03 2.08 Other benefits 1................................... .05 .05 .04 .03 .05 .11 .08 .07 .06 .06 .05 .05 .06 .04 Percent of total compensation by year 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ 68.2 67.8 67.7 67.0 66.0 65.1 64.7 65.5 66.1 66.6 67.4 67.8 67.7 68.1 Total benefits .......................................... 31.8 32.2 32.3 33.0 34.0 34.9 35.3 34.5 33.9 33.4 32.6 32.2 32.3 31.9 Paid leave ........................................... 5.9 5.9 5.7 5.8 5.9 5.9 5.7 5.7 5.7 5.6 5.5 5.5 5.4 5.6 Supplemental pay ............................... 4.2 4.4 4.2 4.2 4.1 4.0 4.0 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.6 4.4 4.7 4.7 Insurance ............................................ 7.2 7.8 7.4 8.1 8.8 9.2 9.4 8.8 8.6 8.2 7.9 7.9 8.1 8.1 Retirement and savings ...................... 3.6 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.8 4.0 4.4 4.2 4.0 4.1 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.6 Legally required benefits .................... 10.7 10.5 11.2 11.1 11.1 11.2 11.3 11.4 11.0 10.9 10.5 10.3 9.8 9.8 Other benefits 1................................... .3 .3 .2 .2 .3 .6 .4 .4 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .2 1Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits. Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 105 - Table 12. Private industry workers, goods-producing industries, by occupational group: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1988-2001 -- Continued Precision production, craft, and repair occupations Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... $17.83 $18.56 $19.31 $20.30 $21.61 $22.61 $23.69 $23.23 $23.35 $23.68 $24.26 $25.12 $25.90 $25.60 Wages and salaries ................................ 12.36 12.84 13.21 13.73 14.44 14.88 15.51 15.34 15.54 15.93 16.48 17.18 17.73 17.65 Total benefits .......................................... 5.48 5.71 6.10 6.57 7.17 7.73 8.18 7.90 7.81 7.75 7.78 7.95 8.18 7.95 Paid leave ........................................... .95 1.02 1.05 1.12 1.24 1.28 1.31 1.27 1.29 1.27 1.30 1.33 1.32 1.36 Supplemental pay ............................... .71 .75 .74 .77 .81 .81 .84 .85 .87 .89 .99 .95 1.05 1.00 Insurance ............................................ 1.11 1.23 1.26 1.44 1.70 1.91 2.04 1.87 1.81 1.77 1.74 1.83 1.95 1.91 Retirement and savings ...................... .71 .66 .78 .84 .91 .99 1.13 1.06 1.06 1.08 1.06 1.14 1.19 1.06 Legally required benefits .................... 1.95 1.99 2.23 2.35 2.46 2.64 2.77 2.74 2.70 2.66 2.61 2.64 2.60 2.58 Other benefits 1................................... .05 .06 .04 .04 .05 .10 .08 .09 .08 .07 .07 .07 .06 .04 Percent of total compensation by year 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ 69.3 69.2 68.4 67.6 66.8 65.8 65.5 66.0 66.5 67.3 67.9 68.4 68.5 68.9 Total benefits .......................................... 30.7 30.8 31.6 32.4 33.2 34.2 34.5 34.0 33.5 32.7 32.1 31.6 31.6 31.1 Paid leave ........................................... 5.3 5.5 5.4 5.5 5.7 5.6 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.4 5.4 5.3 5.1 5.3 Supplemental pay ............................... 4.0 4.1 3.8 3.8 3.7 3.6 3.6 3.7 3.7 3.8 4.1 3.8 4.1 3.9 Insurance ............................................ 6.2 6.6 6.5 7.1 7.9 8.4 8.6 8.1 7.7 7.5 7.2 7.3 7.5 7.5 Retirement and savings ...................... 4.0 3.6 4.0 4.2 4.2 4.4 4.8 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.1 Legally required benefits .................... 10.9 10.7 11.5 11.6 11.4 11.7 11.7 11.8 11.6 11.2 10.8 10.5 10.0 10.1 Other benefits 1................................... .3 .3 .2 .2 .2 .4 .4 .4 .3 .3 .3 .3 .2 .2 1Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits. Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 106 - Table 12. Private industry workers, goods-producing industries, by occupational group: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1988-2001 -- Continued Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors occupations Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... $13.25 $14.03 $13.83 $14.72 $15.52 $16.20 $16.98 $15.97 $16.25 $17.04 $17.36 $17.91 $18.81 $19.42 Wages and salaries ................................ 8.84 9.26 9.17 9.69 10.04 10.37 10.75 10.27 10.57 11.09 11.48 11.92 12.35 12.77 Total benefits .......................................... 4.41 4.77 4.66 5.03 5.49 5.84 6.22 5.69 5.69 5.95 5.88 5.99 6.46 6.66 Paid leave ........................................... .92 .96 .92 .99 1.04 1.08 1.12 1.04 1.07 1.09 1.10 1.14 1.21 1.34 Supplemental pay ............................... .62 .70 .70 .71 .73 .75 .79 .76 .84 .93 .94 .92 1.10 1.17 Insurance ............................................ 1.12 1.30 1.22 1.38 1.56 1.66 1.80 1.57 1.58 1.59 1.55 1.61 1.76 1.77 Retirement and savings ...................... .42 .42 .40 .43 .51 .56 .70 .60 .52 .59 .58 .57 .63 .60 Legally required benefits .................... 1.28 1.33 1.38 1.48 1.57 1.64 1.71 1.64 1.61 1.69 1.66 1.69 1.68 1.71 Other benefits 1................................... .05 .06 .05 .04 .07 .16 .11 .08 .06 .07 .06 .06 .09 .06 Percent of total compensation by year 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ 66.7 66.0 66.3 65.8 64.7 64.0 63.3 64.3 65.0 65.1 66.1 66.6 65.7 65.8 Total benefits .......................................... 33.3 34.0 33.7 34.2 35.3 36.0 36.7 35.7 35.0 34.9 33.9 33.4 34.3 34.3 Paid leave ........................................... 6.9 6.9 6.6 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.6 6.5 6.6 6.4 6.3 6.4 6.4 6.9 Supplemental pay ............................... 4.7 5.0 5.1 4.8 4.7 4.7 4.6 4.8 5.2 5.4 5.4 5.1 5.8 6.0 Insurance ............................................ 8.4 9.3 8.8 9.4 10.1 10.2 10.6 9.8 9.7 9.3 8.9 9.0 9.4 9.1 Retirement and savings ...................... 3.1 3.0 2.9 2.9 3.3 3.4 4.1 3.8 3.2 3.5 3.3 3.2 3.3 3.1 Legally required benefits .................... 9.7 9.5 10.0 10.0 10.1 10.1 10.1 10.3 9.9 9.9 9.6 9.4 8.9 8.8 Other benefits 1................................... .4 .4 .3 .3 .5 1.0 .6 .5 .4 .4 .3 .3 .5 .3 1Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits. Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 107 - Table 12. Private industry workers, goods-producing industries, by occupational group: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1988-2001 -- Continued Transportation and material moving occupations Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... $15.93 $16.44 $16.30 $16.67 $17.55 $18.29 $18.81 $18.05 $18.36 $18.13 $19.06 $19.11 $19.61 $22.47 Wages and salaries ................................ 10.69 11.01 10.93 11.08 11.39 11.77 12.04 11.61 12.03 12.07 12.75 12.88 13.34 15.16 Total benefits .......................................... 5.24 5.43 5.36 5.59 6.16 6.51 6.77 6.45 6.32 6.05 6.30 6.23 6.27 7.31 Paid leave ........................................... .88 .91 .87 .90 .95 .97 1.01 .95 .98 .92 .99 .93 .98 1.03 Supplemental pay ............................... .64 .69 .68 .71 .78 .77 .76 .87 .88 .85 .93 1.02 1.01 1.09 Insurance ............................................ 1.13 1.21 1.18 1.28 1.51 1.63 1.77 1.65 1.59 1.48 1.47 1.45 1.46 1.88 Retirement and savings ...................... .69 .69 .71 .76 .80 .88 .92 .80 .82 .71 .74 .73 .65 .94 Legally required benefits .................... 1.86 1.89 1.91 1.91 2.09 2.20 2.23 2.15 2.04 2.09 2.15 2.09 2.15 2.34 Other benefits 2................................... .04 .04 .02 .02 .03 .07 .08 .03 1() 1() 1() 1( ) .02 .03 Percent of total compensation by year 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ 67.1 67.0 67.1 66.5 64.9 64.4 64.0 64.3 65.6 66.6 66.9 67.4 68.0 67.5 Total benefits .......................................... 32.9 33.0 32.9 33.5 35.1 35.6 36.0 35.7 34.4 33.4 33.1 32.6 32.0 32.5 Paid leave ........................................... 5.5 5.6 5.3 5.4 5.4 5.3 5.4 5.2 5.3 5.1 5.2 4.9 5.0 4.6 Supplemental pay ............................... 4.0 4.2 4.2 4.3 4.5 4.2 4.0 4.8 4.8 4.7 4.9 5.3 5.2 4.9 Insurance ............................................ 7.1 7.4 7.2 7.7 8.6 8.9 9.4 9.1 8.7 8.1 7.7 7.6 7.4 8.4 Retirement and savings ...................... 4.4 4.2 4.4 4.6 4.5 4.8 4.9 4.4 4.5 3.9 3.9 3.8 3.3 4.2 Legally required benefits .................... 11.7 11.5 11.7 11.4 11.9 12.0 11.9 11.9 11.1 11.5 11.3 10.9 11.0 10.4 Other benefits 2................................... .2 .2 .1 .1 .2 .4 .4 .1 3() 3() 3() 3( ) .1 .1 1Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.2Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.3Less than .05 percent.Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 108 - Table 12. Private industry workers, goods-producing industries, by occupational group: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1988-2001 -- Continued Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... $11.80 $12.28 $11.88 $12.40 $12.86 $13.30 $13.59 $13.41 $14.01 $14.21 $14.09 $14.25 $14.50 $15.27 Wages and salaries ................................ 8.17 8.46 8.23 8.52 8.70 8.86 9.04 9.09 9.47 9.73 9.77 9.97 10.29 10.81 Total benefits .......................................... 3.63 3.81 3.65 3.88 4.16 4.44 4.55 4.32 4.54 4.47 4.32 4.28 4.21 4.46 Paid leave ........................................... .56 .58 .53 .58 .58 .59 .58 .53 .57 .59 .57 .55 .57 .61 Supplemental pay ............................... .41 .44 .41 .41 .45 .47 .47 .51 .55 .53 .52 .53 .57 .58 Insurance ............................................ .79 .87 .81 .93 1.05 1.15 1.18 1.07 1.12 1.09 1.02 .99 1.02 1.17 Retirement and savings ...................... .40 .41 .38 .43 .45 .50 .52 .49 .57 .57 .53 .53 .44 .45 Legally required benefits .................... 1.46 1.50 1.51 1.52 1.61 1.68 1.77 1.71 1.72 1.68 1.66 1.66 1.59 1.63 Other benefits 2................................... 1( ) .02 1() 1( ) .02 .05 .03 1() 1() 1( ) .02 1() 1( ) .02 Percent of total compensation by year 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ 69.2 68.9 69.3 68.7 67.7 66.6 66.5 67.8 67.6 68.5 69.3 70.0 71.0 70.8 Total benefits .......................................... 30.8 31.1 30.7 31.3 32.3 33.4 33.5 32.2 32.4 31.5 30.7 30.0 29.0 29.2 Paid leave ........................................... 4.7 4.7 4.5 4.7 4.5 4.5 4.2 4.0 4.0 4.1 4.0 3.9 3.9 4.0 Supplemental pay ............................... 3.5 3.6 3.5 3.3 3.5 3.6 3.4 3.8 3.9 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.9 3.8 Insurance ............................................ 6.7 7.1 6.8 7.5 8.1 8.6 8.7 8.0 8.0 7.7 7.2 6.9 7.0 7.7 Retirement and savings ...................... 3.4 3.3 3.2 3.5 3.5 3.8 3.9 3.6 4.0 4.0 3.8 3.7 3.0 2.9 Legally required benefits .................... 12.4 12.3 12.7 12.2 12.6 12.6 13.0 12.7 12.3 11.8 11.8 11.6 11.0 10.7 Other benefits 2................................... 3() .1 3() 3( ) .1 .4 .2 3() 3() 3() .1 3() 3() .1 1Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.2Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.3Less than .05 percent.Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 109 - Table 12. Private industry workers, goods-producing industries, by occupational group: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1988-2001 -- Continued Service occupations Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... $12.33 $13.24 $13.49 $14.12 $14.55 $15.27 $15.47 $14.32 $14.43 $16.03 $16.48 $16.77 $16.55 $16.41 Wages and salaries ................................ 8.14 8.56 9.15 9.56 9.78 10.18 10.36 9.47 9.58 10.59 10.86 11.05 10.80 11.26 Total benefits .......................................... 4.19 4.68 4.34 4.56 4.77 5.09 5.11 4.86 4.85 5.44 5.62 5.72 5.75 5.16 Paid leave ........................................... .85 .94 .91 .94 .95 .97 .97 .88 .92 1.05 1.09 1.08 1.01 1.05 Supplemental pay ............................... .51 .62 .50 .48 .46 .45 .42 .62 .77 .80 .86 .82 .95 .64 Insurance ............................................ 1.17 1.41 1.14 1.21 1.36 1.43 1.45 1.36 1.21 1.42 1.39 1.56 1.56 1.41 Retirement and savings ...................... .44 .46 .48 .54 .55 .61 .68 .50 .38 .45 .53 .50 .52 .49 Legally required benefits .................... 1.15 1.20 1.29 1.35 1.39 1.49 1.52 1.41 1.46 1.63 1.68 1.71 1.61 1.47 Other benefits 1................................... .07 .06 .03 .03 .05 .14 .07 .09 .10 .08 .08 .06 .09 .10 Percent of total compensation by year 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ 66.0 64.6 67.8 67.7 67.2 66.7 67.0 66.1 66.4 66.1 65.9 65.9 65.3 68.6 Total benefits .......................................... 34.0 35.4 32.2 32.3 32.8 33.3 33.0 33.9 33.6 33.9 34.1 34.1 34.7 31.4 Paid leave ........................................... 6.9 7.1 6.7 6.7 6.5 6.3 6.3 6.1 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.4 6.1 6.4 Supplemental pay ............................... 4.2 4.6 3.7 3.4 3.2 3.0 2.7 4.3 5.4 5.0 5.2 4.9 5.7 3.9 Insurance ............................................ 9.5 10.6 8.4 8.6 9.4 9.4 9.4 9.5 8.4 8.9 8.4 9.3 9.4 8.6 Retirement and savings ...................... 3.5 3.5 3.6 3.8 3.8 4.0 4.4 3.5 2.6 2.8 3.2 3.0 3.1 3.0 Legally required benefits .................... 9.4 9.1 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.8 9.8 9.9 10.1 10.2 10.2 10.2 9.7 9.0 Other benefits 1................................... .5 .5 .3 .2 .3 .9 .5 .6 .7 .5 .5 .4 .5 .6 1Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits. Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 110 - Table 13. Private industry workers, service-producing industries, by occupational group: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1988-2001 White-collar occupations Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... $15.04 $15.59 $16.64 $17.13 $17.92 $18.65 $19.26 $19.39 $19.95 $20.44 $21.25 $21.89 $23.14 $24.27 Wages and salaries ................................ 11.24 11.68 12.38 12.75 13.25 13.69 14.13 14.29 14.73 15.21 15.81 16.28 17.26 18.06 Total benefits .......................................... 3.80 3.91 4.25 4.38 4.67 4.96 5.14 5.10 5.21 5.23 5.44 5.61 5.88 6.21 Paid leave ........................................... 1.16 1.19 1.24 1.26 1.31 1.32 1.35 1.32 1.36 1.39 1.43 1.49 1.64 1.77 Supplemental pay ............................... .27 .25 .31 .29 .35 .42 .45 .46 .48 .53 .61 .59 .60 .59 Insurance ............................................ .74 .81 .93 1.03 1.13 1.20 1.24 1.20 1.18 1.10 1.14 1.19 1.24 1.32 Retirement and savings ...................... .49 .46 .49 .47 .48 .51 .54 .55 .61 .59 .61 .64 .66 .72 Legally required benefits .................... 1.13 1.18 1.27 1.33 1.40 1.48 1.53 1.54 1.56 1.60 1.63 1.68 1.71 1.79 Other benefits 2................................... .02 1() 1() 1() 1( ) .02 .03 .02 .02 .02 .02 .02 .02 .02 Percent of total compensation by year 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ 74.7 74.9 74.4 74.4 73.9 73.4 73.3 73.7 73.9 74.4 74.4 74.4 74.6 74.4 Total benefits .......................................... 25.3 25.1 25.6 25.6 26.1 26.6 26.7 26.3 26.1 25.6 25.6 25.6 25.4 25.6 Paid leave ........................................... 7.7 7.7 7.5 7.4 7.3 7.1 7.0 6.8 6.8 6.8 6.7 6.8 7.1 7.3 Supplemental pay ............................... 1.8 1.6 1.9 1.7 1.9 2.3 2.3 2.4 2.4 2.6 2.9 2.7 2.6 2.4 Insurance ............................................ 4.9 5.2 5.6 6.0 6.3 6.5 6.5 6.2 5.9 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 Retirement and savings ...................... 3.2 3.0 3.0 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.8 2.8 3.1 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9 3.0 Legally required benefits .................... 7.5 7.6 7.6 7.7 7.8 7.9 7.9 8.0 7.8 7.8 7.7 7.7 7.4 7.4 Other benefits 2................................... .1 3() 3() 3() 3( ) .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 1Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.2Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.3Less than .05 percent.Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 111 - Table 13. Private industry workers, service-producing industries, by occupational group: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1988-2001 -- Continued Professional specialty and technical occupations Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... $20.28 $21.14 $22.79 $23.18 $24.60 $26.65 $27.13 $27.06 $27.93 $27.77 $28.16 $28.93 $31.64 $34.00 Wages and salaries ................................ 15.09 15.83 16.85 17.27 18.19 19.65 20.01 20.08 20.58 20.54 20.94 21.56 23.66 25.39 Total benefits .......................................... 5.19 5.32 5.94 5.90 6.41 7.00 7.12 6.98 7.35 7.24 7.23 7.37 7.97 8.61 Paid leave ........................................... 1.69 1.73 1.83 1.85 1.92 2.00 1.99 1.90 1.95 1.92 1.94 2.06 2.50 2.69 Supplemental pay ............................... .37 .35 .45 .38 .53 .59 .58 .55 .72 .88 .88 .66 .67 .71 Insurance ............................................ .86 .98 1.17 1.23 1.38 1.53 1.59 1.54 1.50 1.33 1.35 1.45 1.54 1.64 Retirement and savings ...................... .77 .66 .76 .67 .66 .79 .84 .84 .96 .89 .88 .93 .94 1.09 Legally required benefits .................... 1.48 1.58 1.70 1.76 1.91 2.06 2.09 2.11 2.19 2.19 2.16 2.23 2.31 2.46 Other benefits 2................................... 1() 1() 1() 1() 1( ) .03 .04 .03 .03 .02 .02 .03 .03 .02 Percent of total compensation by year 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ 74.4 74.9 73.9 74.5 74.0 73.7 73.8 74.2 73.7 73.9 74.4 74.5 74.8 74.7 Total benefits .......................................... 25.6 25.1 26.1 25.5 26.0 26.3 26.2 25.8 26.3 26.1 25.7 25.5 25.2 25.3 Paid leave ........................................... 8.4 8.2 8.0 8.0 7.8 7.5 7.3 7.0 7.0 6.9 6.9 7.1 7.9 7.9 Supplemental pay ............................... 1.8 1.7 2.0 1.7 2.1 2.2 2.1 2.0 2.6 3.2 3.1 2.3 2.1 2.1 Insurance ............................................ 4.3 4.6 5.2 5.3 5.6 5.8 5.9 5.7 5.4 4.8 4.8 5.0 4.9 4.8 Retirement and savings ...................... 3.8 3.1 3.3 2.9 2.7 3.0 3.1 3.1 3.4 3.2 3.1 3.2 3.0 3.2 Legally required benefits .................... 7.3 7.5 7.5 7.6 7.8 7.7 7.7 7.8 7.8 7.9 7.7 7.7 7.3 7.2 Other benefits 2................................... 3() 3() 3() 3() 3( ) .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 1Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.2Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.3Less than .05 percent.Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 112 - Table 13. Private industry workers, service-producing industries, by occupational group: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1988 1-2001 -- Continued Professional specialty occupations Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation ....................................––––––$28.48 $28.64 $29.31 $29.40 $29.95 $30.22 $33.95 $36.87 Wages and salaries ................................––––––21.09 21.35 21.67 21.85 22.32 22.65 25.52 27.68 Total benefits ..........................................––––––7.40 7.29 7.64 7.56 7.63 7.57 8.43 9.20 Paid leave ...........................................––––––2.05 1.99 2.05 2.03 2.05 2.15 2.75 2.98 Supplemental pay ...............................–––––– .64.58.821.03 .99 .70 .68 .74 Insurance ............................................––––––1.60 1.58 1.53 1.34 1.38 1.48 1.59 1.66 Retirement and savings ......................–––––– .88.89.96.88.93.91.971.17 Legally required benefits ....................––––––2.18 2.20 2.25 2.26 2.26 2.30 2.41 2.62 Other benefits 2...................................–––––– .05.04.03.02.02.02.02.02 Percent of total compensation by year 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation ....................................––––––100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................––––––74.0 74.5 73.9 74.3 74.5 75.0 75.2 75.1 Total benefits ..........................................––––––26.0 25.5 26.1 25.7 25.5 25.0 24.8 25.0 Paid leave ...........................................–––––– 7.27.07.06.96.87.18.18.1 Supplemental pay ...............................–––––– 2.22.02.83.53.32.32.02.0 Insurance ............................................–––––– 5.65.55.24.64.64.94.74.5 Retirement and savings ......................–––––– 3.13.13.33.03.13.02.93.2 Legally required benefits ....................–––––– 7.67.77.77.77.57.67.17.1 Other benefits 2...................................–––––– .2.1.1.1.1.1.1.1 1This series began in 1994.2Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.

– Data not available.Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 113 - Table 13. Private industry workers, service-producing industries, by occupational group: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1988 1-2001 -- Continued Technical occupations Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation ....................................––––––$23.87 $23.18 $24.29 $23.66 $23.70 $25.76 $26.01 $26.87 Wages and salaries ................................––––––17.41 16.97 17.72 17.24 17.49 18.90 19.14 19.72 Total benefits ..........................................––––––6.46 6.21 6.58 6.42 6.21 6.86 6.86 7.16 Paid leave ...........................................––––––1.82 1.66 1.68 1.64 1.66 1.84 1.89 1.96 Supplemental pay ...............................–––––– .45.47.46.49.58.57.63.62 Insurance ............................................––––––1.57 1.47 1.42 1.31 1.28 1.37 1.41 1.61 Retirement and savings ......................–––––– .73.72.97.93.77.97.86.88 Legally required benefits ....................––––––1.87 1.88 2.02 2.02 1.90 2.05 2.04 2.08 Other benefits 3...................................–––––– .02.02.03.03.02.06.04 2() Percent of total compensation by year 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation ....................................––––––100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................––––––72.9 73.2 72.9 72.9 73.8 73.4 73.6 73.4 Total benefits ..........................................––––––27.1 26.8 27.1 27.1 26.2 26.6 26.4 26.6 Paid leave ...........................................–––––– 7.67.26.97.07.07.17.37.3 Supplemental pay ...............................–––––– 1.92.01.92.12.42.22.42.3 Insurance ............................................–––––– 6.66.35.95.55.45.35.46.0 Retirement and savings ......................–––––– 3.03.14.04.03.23.83.33.3 Legally required benefits ....................–––––– 7.88.18.38.58.08.07.87.7 Other benefits 3...................................–––––– .1.1.1.1.1.2.2 4() 1This series began in 1994.2Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.3Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.4Less than .05 percent.– Data not available.

Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 114 - Table 13. Private industry workers, service-producing industries, by occupational group: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1988-2001 -- Continued Executive, administrative, and managerial occupations Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... $22.58 $24.05 $24.84 $26.12 $27.46 $28.36 $29.26 $31.16 $31.85 $31.30 $32.96 $33.63 $36.55 $39.78 Wages and salaries ................................ 16.95 18.01 18.46 19.52 20.27 20.73 21.29 22.59 23.32 23.15 24.15 24.43 26.74 28.83 Total benefits .......................................... 5.63 6.04 6.38 6.59 7.20 7.63 7.97 8.58 8.53 8.15 8.81 9.20 9.81 10.95 Paid leave ........................................... 1.95 2.13 2.10 2.20 2.36 2.32 2.40 2.59 2.70 2.61 2.76 2.79 3.01 3.39 Supplemental pay ............................... .42 .39 .55 .42 .56 .78 .86 1.06 .81 .84 1.16 1.34 1.44 1.46 Insurance ............................................ .96 1.08 1.16 1.28 1.47 1.59 1.59 1.64 1.66 1.49 1.53 1.64 1.75 1.99 Retirement and savings ...................... .74 .78 .81 .82 .87 .85 .89 1.01 1.09 .93 1.01 1.04 1.14 1.43 Legally required benefits .................... 1.54 1.65 1.74 1.85 1.91 2.05 2.17 2.22 2.22 2.23 2.29 2.35 2.43 2.62 Other benefits 2................................... .02 .02 1( ) .03 .03 .04 .06 .05 .05 .05 .05 .04 .04 .06 Percent of total compensation by year 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ 75.1 74.9 74.3 74.8 73.8 73.1 72.8 72.5 73.2 74.0 73.3 72.6 73.2 72.5 Total benefits .......................................... 24.9 25.1 25.7 25.2 26.2 26.9 27.2 27.5 26.8 26.0 26.7 27.4 26.8 27.5 Paid leave ........................................... 8.6 8.9 8.5 8.4 8.6 8.2 8.2 8.3 8.5 8.3 8.4 8.3 8.2 8.5 Supplemental pay ............................... 1.9 1.6 2.2 1.6 2.0 2.7 2.9 3.4 2.6 2.7 3.5 4.0 3.9 3.7 Insurance ............................................ 4.2 4.5 4.7 4.9 5.4 5.6 5.4 5.3 5.2 4.8 4.6 4.9 4.8 5.0 Retirement and savings ...................... 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.1 3.2 3.0 3.0 3.3 3.4 3.0 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.6 Legally required benefits .................... 6.8 6.8 7.0 7.1 7.0 7.2 7.4 7.1 7.0 7.1 6.9 7.0 6.6 6.6 Other benefits 2................................... .1 .1 3( ) .1 .1 .2 .2 .2 .1 .2 .2 .1 .1 .2 1Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.2Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.3Less than .05 percent.Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 115 - Table 13. Private industry workers, service-producing industries, by occupational group: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1988-2001 -- Continued Sales occupations Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... $10.47 $11.06 $11.70 $12.54 $12.92 $12.99 $13.44 $13.36 $14.07 $14.51 $15.28 $15.86 $15.90 $15.52 Wages and salaries ................................ 8.12 8.68 9.15 9.74 9.99 9.92 10.29 10.29 10.91 11.36 11.99 12.45 12.51 12.17 Total benefits .......................................... 2.35 2.38 2.55 2.81 2.92 3.07 3.15 3.07 3.15 3.16 3.29 3.41 3.39 3.35 Paid leave ........................................... .55 .57 .60 .62 .63 .63 .62 .60 .61 .64 .66 .67 .69 .77 Supplemental pay ............................... .17 .16 .17 .22 .23 .31 .35 .33 .38 .33 .38 .43 .39 .31 Insurance ............................................ .50 .48 .57 .64 .69 .71 .72 .68 .67 .65 .64 .65 .67 .70 Retirement and savings ...................... .23 .22 .23 .24 .25 .25 .26 .25 .27 .31 .31 .34 .32 .27 Legally required benefits .................... .88 .93 .98 1.07 1.12 1.16 1.19 1.20 1.21 1.23 1.28 1.32 1.31 1.29 Other benefits 2................................... .02 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() Percent of total compensation by year 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ 77.6 78.5 78.2 77.6 77.4 76.4 76.6 77.0 77.6 78.3 78.5 78.5 78.7 78.4 Total benefits .......................................... 22.4 21.5 21.8 22.4 22.6 23.6 23.4 23.0 22.4 21.7 21.5 21.5 21.3 21.6 Paid leave ........................................... 5.3 5.2 5.1 5.0 4.9 4.8 4.6 4.5 4.4 4.4 4.3 4.2 4.3 5.0 Supplemental pay ............................... 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.8 1.7 2.4 2.6 2.5 2.7 2.3 2.5 2.7 2.5 2.0 Insurance ............................................ 4.8 4.4 4.8 5.1 5.4 5.5 5.4 5.1 4.8 4.5 4.2 4.1 4.2 4.5 Retirement and savings ...................... 2.2 2.0 2.0 1.9 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 2.1 2.0 2.1 2.0 1.7 Legally required benefits .................... 8.4 8.4 8.4 8.5 8.7 9.0 8.9 9.0 8.6 8.5 8.4 8.3 8.2 8.3 Other benefits 2................................... .2 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 1Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.2Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.3Less than .05 percent.Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 116 - Table 13. Private industry workers, service-producing industries, by occupational group: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1988-2001 -- Continued Administrative support, including clerical occupations Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... $11.23 $11.68 $12.32 $12.89 $13.40 $13.85 $14.38 $14.43 $14.71 $14.93 $15.68 $16.28 $16.69 $16.89 Wages and salaries ................................ 8.17 8.47 8.93 9.27 9.61 9.89 10.25 10.37 10.59 10.83 11.37 11.84 12.14 12.38 Total benefits .......................................... 3.06 3.21 3.40 3.63 3.79 3.96 4.13 4.07 4.11 4.10 4.31 4.44 4.55 4.51 Paid leave ........................................... .86 .90 .93 .97 .99 1.00 1.03 1.00 1.03 1.04 1.08 1.12 1.15 1.13 Supplemental pay ............................... .19 .20 .21 .22 .24 .25 .26 .28 .27 .30 .34 .33 .35 .34 Insurance ............................................ .74 .82 .93 1.07 1.14 1.19 1.25 1.20 1.18 1.12 1.20 1.21 1.24 1.26 Retirement and savings ...................... .36 .36 .36 .35 .36 .39 .41 .40 .46 .44 .46 .49 .51 .46 Legally required benefits .................... .89 .92 .97 1.02 1.06 1.11 1.16 1.17 1.17 1.19 1.22 1.26 1.28 1.30 Other benefits 2................................... 1() 1() 1() 1() 1( ) .02 1() 1() 1( ) .02 .02 .02 .02 .02 Percent of total compensation by year 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ 72.7 72.5 72.4 71.9 71.7 71.4 71.3 71.8 72.0 72.6 72.5 72.7 72.7 73.3 Total benefits .......................................... 27.3 27.5 27.6 28.1 28.3 28.6 28.7 28.2 28.0 27.4 27.5 27.3 27.3 26.7 Paid leave ........................................... 7.7 7.7 7.5 7.5 7.4 7.2 7.2 7.0 7.0 7.0 6.9 6.9 6.9 6.7 Supplemental pay ............................... 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.9 1.9 2.0 2.2 2.0 2.1 2.0 Insurance ............................................ 6.6 7.0 7.5 8.3 8.5 8.6 8.7 8.3 8.0 7.5 7.7 7.4 7.4 7.5 Retirement and savings ...................... 3.2 3.1 2.9 2.7 2.7 2.8 2.8 2.8 3.1 2.9 2.9 3.0 3.1 2.7 Legally required benefits .................... 8.0 7.8 7.9 7.9 7.9 8.0 8.1 8.1 8.0 8.0 7.8 7.7 7.7 7.7 Other benefits 2................................... 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() .1 3() 3() 3( ) .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 1Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.2Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.3Less than .05 percent.Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 117 - Table 13. Private industry workers, service-producing industries, by occupational group: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1988-2001 -- Continued Blue-collar occupations Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... $12.57 $12.82 $13.33 $13.70 $14.18 $14.48 $14.70 $14.66 $15.08 $14.85 $15.32 $15.76 $16.55 $17.28 Wages and salaries ................................ 8.91 9.13 9.44 9.66 9.96 10.12 10.30 10.39 10.75 10.67 11.03 11.34 11.87 12.42 Total benefits .......................................... 3.65 3.69 3.89 4.04 4.22 4.37 4.40 4.27 4.33 4.18 4.29 4.41 4.68 4.86 Paid leave ........................................... .81 .82 .83 .85 .85 .87 .84 .81 .81 .78 .82 .85 .89 .96 Supplemental pay ............................... .33 .33 .36 .36 .37 .37 .38 .40 .40 .42 .46 .48 .52 .52 Insurance ............................................ .75 .76 .86 .95 1.01 1.07 1.07 1.00 1.00 .95 .97 1.00 1.06 1.17 Retirement and savings ...................... .40 .36 .37 .36 .37 .36 .38 .39 .46 .43 .45 .48 .56 .53 Legally required benefits .................... 1.34 1.41 1.47 1.52 1.60 1.68 1.72 1.67 1.64 1.59 1.59 1.59 1.65 1.68 Other benefits 2................................... 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() Percent of total compensation by year 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ 70.9 71.2 70.8 70.5 70.2 69.8 70.1 70.9 71.3 71.8 72.0 72.0 71.7 71.9 Total benefits .......................................... 29.1 28.8 29.2 29.5 29.8 30.2 29.9 29.1 28.7 28.2 28.0 28.0 28.3 28.1 Paid leave ........................................... 6.5 6.4 6.2 6.2 6.0 6.0 5.7 5.6 5.4 5.2 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.6 Supplemental pay ............................... 2.7 2.6 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.7 2.8 3.0 3.0 3.1 3.0 Insurance ............................................ 6.0 6.0 6.4 6.9 7.2 7.4 7.3 6.8 6.6 6.4 6.3 6.3 6.4 6.8 Retirement and savings ...................... 3.2 2.8 2.8 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.6 2.6 3.1 2.9 2.9 3.0 3.4 3.1 Legally required benefits .................... 10.6 11.0 11.0 11.1 11.3 11.6 11.7 11.4 10.9 10.7 10.4 10.1 10.0 9.7 Other benefits 2................................... 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 1Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.2Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.3Less than .05 percent.Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 118 - Table 13. Private industry workers, service-producing industries, by occupational group: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1988-2001 -- Continued Precision production, craft, and repair occupations Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... $16.49 $16.37 $16.94 $17.83 $18.46 $18.92 $19.10 $19.39 $20.24 $20.01 $21.04 $22.45 $23.01 $23.65 Wages and salaries ................................ 11.80 11.71 12.03 12.63 13.04 13.29 13.44 13.78 14.43 14.52 15.23 16.13 16.47 16.94 Total benefits .......................................... 4.69 4.65 4.91 5.20 5.41 5.62 5.66 5.61 5.80 5.49 5.81 6.32 6.55 6.71 Paid leave ........................................... 1.21 1.22 1.24 1.26 1.29 1.32 1.28 1.30 1.35 1.26 1.38 1.53 1.54 1.60 Supplemental pay ............................... .43 .42 .45 .46 .47 .47 .51 .51 .54 .51 .58 .72 .80 .78 Insurance ............................................ .95 .96 1.06 1.21 1.30 1.39 1.37 1.35 1.39 1.23 1.30 1.39 1.38 1.50 Retirement and savings ...................... .50 .42 .47 .46 .47 .46 .45 .46 .54 .53 .63 .68 .82 .76 Legally required benefits .................... 1.58 1.61 1.68 1.80 1.86 1.97 2.04 1.98 1.98 1.94 1.92 1.99 2.00 2.05 Other benefits 2................................... .03 .02 1() 1( ) .02 .02 1() 1() 1() 1( ) .02 .02 .02 .02 Percent of total compensation by year 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ 71.5 71.6 71.0 70.8 70.7 70.3 70.3 71.1 71.3 72.6 72.4 71.8 71.6 71.6 Total benefits .......................................... 28.5 28.4 29.0 29.2 29.3 29.7 29.7 28.9 28.7 27.4 27.6 28.2 28.5 28.4 Paid leave ........................................... 7.3 7.4 7.3 7.1 7.0 7.0 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.3 6.6 6.8 6.7 6.8 Supplemental pay ............................... 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.6 2.6 2.7 2.6 2.8 3.2 3.5 3.3 Insurance ............................................ 5.7 5.8 6.3 6.8 7.0 7.4 7.2 7.0 6.9 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.0 6.3 Retirement and savings ...................... 3.1 2.6 2.7 2.6 2.5 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.7 2.7 3.0 3.0 3.6 3.2 Legally required benefits .................... 9.6 9.9 9.9 10.1 10.1 10.4 10.7 10.2 9.8 9.7 9.1 8.9 8.7 8.7 Other benefits 2................................... .2 .1 3() 3( ) .1 .1 3() 3() 3() 3( ) .1 .1 .1 .1 1Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.2Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.3Less than .05 percent.Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 119 - Table 13. Private industry workers, service-producing industries, by occupational group: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1988-2001 -- Continued Transportation and material moving occupations Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... $13.81 $14.56 $15.05 $15.10 $15.59 $15.65 $16.38 $16.52 $16.44 $16.38 $16.93 $17.17 $18.00 $18.16 Wages and salaries ................................ 9.68 10.20 10.49 10.39 10.67 10.65 11.15 11.35 11.46 11.56 11.99 12.20 12.67 12.79 Total benefits .......................................... 4.13 4.35 4.56 4.72 4.92 5.01 5.23 5.18 4.98 4.82 4.94 4.97 5.33 5.36 Paid leave ........................................... .86 .89 .89 .93 .91 .90 .90 .85 .78 .80 .83 .83 .90 .90 Supplemental pay ............................... .32 .34 .37 .39 .40 .38 .38 .43 .42 .44 .50 .48 .49 .52 Insurance ............................................ .83 .88 .97 1.06 1.10 1.14 1.23 1.17 1.12 1.16 1.13 1.16 1.27 1.31 Retirement and savings ...................... .47 .48 .47 .49 .49 .50 .56 .59 .71 .56 .57 .60 .65 .68 Legally required benefits .................... 1.65 1.76 1.85 1.85 2.01 2.06 2.14 2.14 1.95 1.86 1.91 1.89 2.01 1.94 Other benefits 2................................... 1() 1() 1() 1() 1( ) .02 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1( ) .02 Percent of total compensation by year 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ 70.1 70.1 69.7 68.8 68.4 68.0 68.1 68.7 69.7 70.6 70.8 71.1 70.4 70.4 Total benefits .......................................... 29.9 29.9 30.3 31.2 31.6 32.0 31.9 31.3 30.3 29.4 29.2 28.9 29.6 29.5 Paid leave ........................................... 6.2 6.1 5.9 6.2 5.8 5.8 5.5 5.1 4.7 4.9 4.9 4.8 5.0 5.0 Supplemental pay ............................... 2.3 2.3 2.5 2.6 2.5 2.4 2.3 2.6 2.5 2.7 3.0 2.8 2.7 2.9 Insurance ............................................ 6.0 6.0 6.5 7.0 7.1 7.3 7.5 7.1 6.8 7.1 6.7 6.8 7.1 7.2 Retirement and savings ...................... 3.4 3.3 3.1 3.2 3.1 3.2 3.4 3.6 4.3 3.4 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 Legally required benefits .................... 11.9 12.1 12.3 12.2 12.9 13.2 13.1 12.9 11.9 11.3 11.3 11.0 11.2 10.7 Other benefits 2................................... 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() .1 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() .1 1Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.2Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.3Less than .05 percent.Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 120 - Table 13. Private industry workers, service-producing industries, by occupational group: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1988-2001 -- Continued Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... $9.10 $9.49 $9.81 $10.12 $10.56 $10.95 $11.01 $10.57 $10.98 $11.50 $11.65 $11.91 $12.28 $12.96 Wages and salaries ................................ 6.45 6.79 6.96 7.23 7.51 7.74 7.85 7.64 7.93 8.20 8.38 8.62 8.89 9.46 Total benefits .......................................... 2.65 2.71 2.85 2.89 3.04 3.21 3.16 2.93 3.05 3.30 3.27 3.29 3.40 3.50 Paid leave ........................................... .49 .49 .49 .50 .52 .54 .52 .45 .46 .50 .51 .52 .52 .60 Supplemental pay ............................... .25 .27 .28 .27 .27 .28 .28 .28 .29 .37 .38 .37 .37 .35 Insurance ............................................ .58 .59 .69 .71 .77 .83 .79 .69 .70 .74 .74 .74 .80 .90 Retirement and savings ...................... .30 .25 .26 .24 .26 .24 .27 .27 .32 .36 .34 .38 .41 .33 Legally required benefits .................... 1.02 1.10 1.12 1.18 1.22 1.30 1.31 1.23 1.27 1.32 1.28 1.28 1.29 1.31 Other benefits 2................................... 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() Percent of total compensation by year 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ 70.9 71.5 71.0 71.4 71.2 70.7 71.3 72.3 72.2 71.3 71.9 72.4 72.4 73.0 Total benefits .......................................... 29.1 28.5 29.0 28.6 28.8 29.3 28.7 27.7 27.8 28.7 28.1 27.6 27.7 27.0 Paid leave ........................................... 5.4 5.1 5.0 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.7 4.3 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.4 4.2 4.6 Supplemental pay ............................... 2.7 2.9 2.9 2.6 2.5 2.6 2.5 2.6 2.7 3.2 3.3 3.1 3.0 2.7 Insurance ............................................ 6.4 6.2 7.0 7.0 7.3 7.6 7.1 6.6 6.4 6.5 6.4 6.2 6.5 6.9 Retirement and savings ...................... 3.3 2.6 2.7 2.3 2.4 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.9 3.2 2.9 3.2 3.3 2.5 Legally required benefits .................... 11.2 11.6 11.4 11.6 11.5 11.9 11.9 11.6 11.6 11.5 11.0 10.7 10.5 10.1 Other benefits 2................................... 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 1Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.2Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.3Less than .05 percent.Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 121 - Table 13. Private industry workers, service-producing industries, by occupational group: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1988-2001 -- Continued Service occupations Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... $6.61 $7.02 $7.50 $7.66 $8.27 $8.37 $8.21 $8.24 $8.46 $8.87 $9.21 $9.42 $9.59 $10.24 Wages and salaries ................................ 5.12 5.43 5.75 5.87 6.30 6.39 6.23 6.28 6.45 6.85 7.16 7.36 7.50 7.96 Total benefits .......................................... 1.50 1.59 1.75 1.79 1.98 1.98 1.97 1.97 2.00 2.02 2.04 2.06 2.08 2.28 Paid leave ........................................... .31 .33 .35 .34 .38 .35 .34 .34 .35 .36 .36 .37 .37 .41 Supplemental pay ............................... .08 .09 .11 .10 .11 .11 .11 .12 .12 .13 .13 .14 .13 .16 Insurance ............................................ .27 .30 .35 .37 .43 .46 .45 .43 .43 .41 .41 .40 .43 .51 Retirement and savings ...................... .10 .11 .12 .11 .13 .09 .10 .10 .12 .11 .12 .12 .12 .14 Legally required benefits .................... .73 .77 .81 .87 .93 .97 .97 .98 .98 1.01 1.03 1.03 1.03 1.06 Other benefits 2................................... 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() Percent of total compensation by year 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ 77.4 77.4 76.6 76.7 76.1 76.3 75.9 76.1 76.3 77.2 77.7 78.1 78.2 77.7 Total benefits .......................................... 22.6 22.6 23.4 23.3 23.9 23.7 24.1 23.9 23.7 22.8 22.1 21.9 21.7 22.3 Paid leave ........................................... 4.7 4.7 4.6 4.4 4.6 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.1 4.0 3.9 3.9 3.9 4.0 Supplemental pay ............................... 1.2 1.2 1.5 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.6 Insurance ............................................ 4.1 4.2 4.7 4.9 5.2 5.4 5.4 5.2 5.0 4.7 4.5 4.2 4.5 5.0 Retirement and savings ...................... 1.6 1.5 1.7 1.5 1.5 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.4 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.4 Legally required benefits .................... 11.0 11.0 10.8 11.3 11.2 11.6 11.8 11.8 11.6 11.4 11.2 10.9 10.7 10.4 Other benefits 2................................... 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 1Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.2Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.3Less than .05 percent.Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 122 - Table 14. Private industry workers, manufacturing, by occupational group: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1988-2001 White-collar occupations Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... $20.53 $21.54 $22.44 $23.38 $24.44 $25.82 $26.45 $27.62 $28.75 $29.79 $30.31 $31.25 $32.10 $33.40 Wages and salaries ................................ 14.67 15.32 15.97 16.63 17.30 18.00 18.40 19.47 20.20 21.10 21.59 22.37 23.00 23.76 Total benefits .......................................... 5.86 6.23 6.46 6.75 7.15 7.82 8.05 8.15 8.55 8.68 8.72 8.88 9.09 9.64 Paid leave ........................................... 1.80 1.92 1.94 2.02 2.14 2.24 2.27 2.36 2.50 2.60 2.63 2.73 2.77 2.88 Supplemental pay ............................... .39 .43 .51 .53 .49 .56 .56 .75 .88 .78 .78 .77 .89 1.05 Insurance ............................................ 1.28 1.51 1.58 1.69 1.88 2.08 2.15 1.87 1.93 1.88 1.93 1.97 2.07 2.28 Retirement and savings ...................... .83 .74 .76 .78 .79 .90 .90 .97 .97 1.09 1.05 1.06 1.00 1.04 Legally required benefits .................... 1.51 1.58 1.64 1.71 1.80 1.89 1.98 2.10 2.16 2.24 2.23 2.25 2.25 2.30 Other benefits 1................................... .04 .05 .03 .03 .04 .15 .19 .09 .11 .10 .10 .11 .11 .09 Percent of total compensation by year 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ 71.5 71.1 71.2 71.1 70.8 69.7 69.6 70.5 70.3 70.8 71.2 71.6 71.7 71.1 Total benefits .......................................... 28.5 28.9 28.8 28.9 29.2 30.3 30.4 29.5 29.7 29.2 28.8 28.4 28.3 28.9 Paid leave ........................................... 8.8 8.9 8.7 8.6 8.8 8.7 8.6 8.6 8.7 8.7 8.7 8.7 8.6 8.6 Supplemental pay ............................... 1.9 2.0 2.3 2.3 2.0 2.2 2.1 2.7 3.0 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.8 3.1 Insurance ............................................ 6.2 7.0 7.0 7.2 7.7 8.1 8.1 6.8 6.7 6.3 6.4 6.3 6.4 6.8 Retirement and savings ...................... 4.1 3.4 3.4 3.3 3.2 3.5 3.4 3.5 3.4 3.7 3.5 3.4 3.1 3.1 Legally required benefits .................... 7.3 7.3 7.3 7.3 7.4 7.3 7.5 7.6 7.5 7.5 7.4 7.2 7.0 6.9 Other benefits 1................................... .2 .2 .1 .1 .2 .6 .7 .3 .4 .3 .3 .4 .3 .3 1Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits. Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 123 - Table 14. Private industry workers, manufacturing, by occupational group: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1988-2001 -- Continued Professional specialty and technical occupations Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... $22.44 $23.81 $25.03 $25.80 $27.45 $28.97 $29.46 $32.80 $34.65 $35.25 $35.75 $36.92 $37.96 $37.36 Wages and salaries ................................ 15.99 16.96 17.76 18.28 19.27 20.03 20.35 23.01 24.19 25.00 25.57 26.47 27.04 26.14 Total benefits .......................................... 6.45 6.85 7.27 7.53 8.18 8.94 9.10 9.79 10.46 10.25 10.18 10.45 10.92 11.22 Paid leave ........................................... 2.02 2.19 2.27 2.33 2.50 2.62 2.65 2.98 3.17 3.27 3.25 3.39 3.53 3.47 Supplemental pay ............................... .39 .42 .41 .47 .46 .49 .50 .85 1.19 .83 .79 .72 .97 1.09 Insurance ............................................ 1.40 1.64 1.76 1.83 2.13 2.42 2.48 2.26 2.29 2.17 2.24 2.27 2.40 2.61 Retirement and savings ...................... .92 .78 .93 .98 1.03 1.22 1.20 1.14 1.16 1.21 1.13 1.27 1.23 1.29 Legally required benefits .................... 1.65 1.76 1.86 1.88 2.00 2.13 2.21 2.43 2.51 2.63 2.63 2.66 2.65 2.59 Other benefits 1................................... .06 .06 .04 .04 .06 .05 .07 .12 .13 .15 .14 .13 .14 .17 Percent of total compensation by year 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ 71.3 71.2 71.0 70.8 70.2 69.1 69.1 70.2 69.8 70.9 71.5 71.7 71.2 70.0 Total benefits .......................................... 28.7 28.8 29.0 29.2 29.8 30.9 30.9 29.8 30.2 29.1 28.5 28.3 28.8 30.0 Paid leave ........................................... 9.0 9.2 9.1 9.0 9.1 9.1 9.0 9.1 9.1 9.3 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.3 Supplemental pay ............................... 1.7 1.8 1.6 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.7 2.6 3.4 2.4 2.2 2.0 2.6 2.9 Insurance ............................................ 6.2 6.9 7.0 7.1 7.8 8.3 8.4 6.9 6.6 6.1 6.3 6.1 6.3 7.0 Retirement and savings ...................... 4.1 3.3 3.7 3.8 3.8 4.2 4.1 3.5 3.4 3.4 3.2 3.4 3.2 3.5 Legally required benefits .................... 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.3 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.4 7.2 7.5 7.4 7.2 7.0 6.9 Other benefits 1................................... .3 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .5 1Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits. Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 124 - Table 14. Private industry workers, manufacturing, by occupational group: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1988 1-2001 -- Continued Professional specialty occupations Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation ....................................––––––$32.23 $35.00 $36.89 $38.05 $38.45 $39.66 $41.73 $41.71 Wages and salaries ................................––––––22.53 24.74 25.90 27.18 27.70 28.65 29.96 29.47 Total benefits ..........................................––––––9.70 10.26 10.99 10.88 10.75 11.01 11.77 12.25 Paid leave ...........................................––––––2.91 3.18 3.35 3.56 3.55 3.72 3.98 3.98 Supplemental pay ...............................–––––– .48.941.31 .82 .74 .65 .91 1.01 Insurance ............................................––––––2.56 2.31 2.34 2.24 2.33 2.34 2.49 2.71 Retirement and savings ......................––––––1.34 1.18 1.23 1.31 1.19 1.35 1.36 1.50 Legally required benefits ....................––––––2.35 2.53 2.63 2.81 2.80 2.80 2.88 2.85 Other benefits 2...................................–––––– .07.13.13.14.14.15.15.20 Percent of total compensation by year 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation ....................................––––––100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................––––––69.9 70.7 70.2 71.4 72.0 72.2 71.8 70.7 Total benefits ..........................................––––––30.1 29.3 29.8 28.6 28.0 27.8 28.2 29.4 Paid leave ...........................................–––––– 9.09.19.19.49.29.49.59.5 Supplemental pay ...............................–––––– 1.52.73.52.11.91.62.22.4 Insurance ............................................–––––– 7.96.66.45.96.15.96.06.5 Retirement and savings ......................–––––– 4.23.43.33.43.13.43.33.6 Legally required benefits ....................–––––– 7.37.27.17.47.37.16.96.8 Other benefits 2...................................–––––– .2.4.4.4.4.4.4.5 1This series began in 1994.2Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.

– Data not available.Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 125 - Table 14. Private industry workers, manufacturing, by occupational group: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1988 1-2001 -- Continued Technical occupations Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation ....................................––––––$24.12 $26.62 $27.90 $27.03 $27.64 $28.80 $28.59 $29.40 Wages and salaries ................................––––––16.17 18.16 19.04 18.62 19.17 20.00 19.78 20.04 Total benefits ..........................................––––––7.95 8.46 8.86 8.41 8.46 8.80 8.81 9.35 Paid leave ...........................................––––––2.15 2.43 2.62 2.39 2.35 2.44 2.40 2.54 Supplemental pay ...............................–––––– .55.61.85.89.93.911.13 1.25 Insurance ............................................––––––2.32 2.13 2.12 1.95 1.96 2.08 2.17 2.44 Retirement and savings ......................–––––– .941.06 .97 .93 .96 1.02 .90 .90 Legally required benefits ....................––––––1.94 2.13 2.15 2.09 2.12 2.25 2.08 2.12 Other benefits 2...................................–––––– .05.11.14.17.14.10.12.10 Percent of total compensation by year 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation ....................................––––––100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................––––––67.0 68.2 68.2 68.9 69.4 69.4 69.2 68.2 Total benefits ..........................................––––––33.0 31.8 31.8 31.1 30.6 30.6 30.8 31.8 Paid leave ...........................................–––––– 8.99.19.48.88.58.58.48.6 Supplemental pay ...............................–––––– 2.32.33.13.33.43.24.04.3 Insurance ............................................–––––– 9.68.07.67.27.17.27.68.3 Retirement and savings ......................–––––– 3.94.03.53.43.53.53.13.1 Legally required benefits ....................–––––– 8.08.07.77.77.77.87.37.2 Other benefits 2...................................–––––– .2.4.5.6.5.3.4.3 1This series began in 1994.2Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.

– Data not available.Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 126 - Table 14. Private industry workers, manufacturing, by occupational group: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1988-2001 -- Continued Executive, administrative, and managerial occupations Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... $27.66 $28.92 $32.53 $34.34 $35.59 $38.66 $39.36 $37.42 $37.72 $40.76 $41.78 $43.71 $43.46 $47.00 Wages and salaries ................................ 20.11 21.02 23.59 24.89 25.83 27.52 27.83 26.63 26.91 28.95 29.67 31.23 31.52 34.41 Total benefits .......................................... 7.55 7.90 8.93 9.45 9.76 11.14 11.53 10.79 10.81 11.80 12.11 12.47 11.94 12.59 Paid leave ........................................... 2.56 2.67 3.02 3.18 3.39 3.63 3.62 3.26 3.37 3.68 3.78 4.06 3.86 4.17 Supplemental pay ............................... .58 .64 .79 .86 .74 .90 .87 1.16 1.07 1.12 1.23 1.40 1.27 1.45 Insurance ............................................ 1.38 1.57 1.81 1.91 2.08 2.35 2.45 2.11 2.05 2.17 2.23 2.28 2.29 2.49 Retirement and savings ...................... 1.11 1.00 1.14 1.14 1.08 1.22 1.26 1.46 1.41 1.86 1.91 1.69 1.48 1.41 Legally required benefits .................... 1.87 1.96 2.13 2.31 2.44 2.53 2.68 2.69 2.75 2.85 2.83 2.90 2.86 3.01 Other benefits 1................................... .04 .05 .03 .04 .04 .50 .64 .11 .14 .13 .14 .15 .18 .06 Percent of total compensation by year 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ 72.7 72.7 72.5 72.5 72.6 71.2 70.7 71.2 71.4 71.0 71.0 71.4 72.5 73.2 Total benefits .......................................... 27.3 27.3 27.5 27.5 27.4 28.8 29.3 28.8 28.6 29.0 29.0 28.5 27.5 26.8 Paid leave ........................................... 9.3 9.2 9.3 9.2 9.5 9.4 9.2 8.7 8.9 9.0 9.0 9.3 8.9 8.9 Supplemental pay ............................... 2.1 2.2 2.4 2.5 2.1 2.3 2.2 3.1 2.8 2.7 2.9 3.2 2.9 3.1 Insurance ............................................ 5.0 5.4 5.6 5.6 5.8 6.1 6.2 5.6 5.4 5.3 5.3 5.2 5.3 5.3 Retirement and savings ...................... 4.0 3.5 3.5 3.3 3.0 3.2 3.2 3.9 3.7 4.6 4.6 3.9 3.4 3.0 Legally required benefits .................... 6.8 6.8 6.6 6.7 6.8 6.5 6.8 7.2 7.3 7.0 6.8 6.6 6.6 6.4 Other benefits 1................................... .2 .2 .1 .1 .1 1.3 1.6 .3 .4 .3 .3 .3 .4 .1 1Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits. Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 127 - Table 14. Private industry workers, manufacturing, by occupational group: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1988-2001 -- Continued Administrative support, including clerical occupations Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... $13.08 $13.93 $14.19 $14.71 $15.47 $16.02 $16.47 $16.19 $16.69 $16.85 $17.15 $17.39 $18.07 $20.36 Wages and salaries ................................ 8.96 9.42 9.72 10.10 10.56 10.85 11.15 11.27 11.54 11.75 12.07 12.36 12.77 14.01 Total benefits .......................................... 4.12 4.51 4.47 4.61 4.91 5.18 5.33 4.92 5.15 5.09 5.09 5.03 5.30 6.35 Paid leave ........................................... 1.04 1.12 1.08 1.12 1.17 1.20 1.22 1.23 1.27 1.24 1.26 1.26 1.28 1.55 Supplemental pay ............................... .29 .35 .47 .39 .38 .43 .43 .40 .47 .51 .49 .42 .53 .83 Insurance ............................................ 1.14 1.37 1.31 1.45 1.61 1.72 1.78 1.35 1.47 1.41 1.44 1.50 1.59 1.89 Retirement and savings ...................... .55 .53 .44 .44 .46 .48 .49 .52 .48 .50 .45 .43 .44 .53 Legally required benefits .................... 1.07 1.10 1.16 1.19 1.26 1.32 1.38 1.37 1.39 1.41 1.40 1.36 1.39 1.52 Other benefits 1................................... .03 .03 .02 .02 .03 .03 .03 .06 .07 .03 .05 .06 .06 .02 Percent of total compensation by year 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ 68.5 67.6 68.5 68.7 68.2 67.7 67.7 69.6 69.1 69.8 70.4 71.1 70.7 68.8 Total benefits .......................................... 31.5 32.4 31.5 31.3 31.8 32.3 32.3 30.4 30.9 30.2 29.7 28.9 29.3 31.2 Paid leave ........................................... 7.9 8.1 7.6 7.6 7.6 7.5 7.4 7.6 7.6 7.3 7.3 7.2 7.1 7.6 Supplemental pay ............................... 2.2 2.5 3.3 2.7 2.5 2.7 2.6 2.5 2.8 3.0 2.9 2.4 2.9 4.1 Insurance ............................................ 8.7 9.9 9.2 9.8 10.4 10.8 10.8 8.3 8.8 8.4 8.4 8.6 8.8 9.3 Retirement and savings ...................... 4.2 3.8 3.1 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.2 2.9 2.9 2.6 2.5 2.4 2.6 Legally required benefits .................... 8.2 7.9 8.2 8.1 8.2 8.2 8.4 8.5 8.3 8.4 8.2 7.8 7.7 7.5 Other benefits 1................................... .3 .2 .1 .1 .2 .2 .2 .4 .4 .2 .3 .3 .3 .1 1Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits. Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 128 - Table 14. Private industry workers, manufacturing, by occupational group: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1988-2001 -- Continued Blue-collar occupations Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... $14.30 $15.13 $14.94 $15.83 $16.75 $17.52 $18.21 $17.34 $17.58 $18.28 $18.65 $18.99 $19.68 $20.23 Wages and salaries ................................ 9.58 10.04 9.92 10.43 10.89 11.24 11.60 11.20 11.45 11.96 12.34 12.66 13.01 13.48 Total benefits .......................................... 4.72 5.09 5.02 5.39 5.87 6.28 6.60 6.14 6.12 6.32 6.31 6.32 6.67 6.75 Paid leave ........................................... 1.00 1.05 1.02 1.09 1.15 1.20 1.23 1.17 1.20 1.23 1.25 1.28 1.30 1.39 Supplemental pay ............................... .67 .75 .72 .74 .77 .79 .80 .82 .89 .92 .97 .94 1.11 1.11 Insurance ............................................ 1.16 1.34 1.27 1.43 1.62 1.76 1.88 1.65 1.63 1.63 1.60 1.63 1.76 1.77 Retirement and savings ...................... .44 .45 .47 .52 .59 .64 .76 .66 .60 .65 .63 .62 .65 .61 Legally required benefits .................... 1.39 1.44 1.50 1.58 1.67 1.75 1.83 1.76 1.73 1.81 1.79 1.79 1.77 1.80 Other benefits 1................................... .05 .06 .04 .04 .07 .14 .09 .08 .07 .07 .07 .07 .08 .06 Percent of total compensation by year 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ 67.0 66.4 66.4 65.9 65.0 64.2 63.7 64.6 65.2 65.4 66.2 66.7 66.1 66.6 Total benefits .......................................... 33.0 33.6 33.6 34.1 35.0 35.8 36.3 35.4 34.8 34.6 33.8 33.3 33.9 33.4 Paid leave ........................................... 7.0 6.9 6.8 6.9 6.9 6.8 6.8 6.8 6.8 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.6 6.9 Supplemental pay ............................... 4.7 5.0 4.8 4.7 4.6 4.5 4.4 4.7 5.0 5.0 5.2 4.9 5.6 5.5 Insurance ............................................ 8.1 8.9 8.5 9.0 9.7 10.1 10.3 9.5 9.3 8.9 8.6 8.6 8.9 8.7 Retirement and savings ...................... 3.1 3.0 3.1 3.3 3.5 3.6 4.2 3.8 3.4 3.6 3.4 3.3 3.3 3.0 Legally required benefits .................... 9.7 9.5 10.1 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.1 10.1 9.9 9.9 9.6 9.4 9.0 8.9 Other benefits 1................................... .4 .4 .3 .2 .4 .8 .5 .5 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .3 1Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits. Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 129 - Table 14. Private industry workers, manufacturing, by occupational group: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1988-2001 -- Continued Precision production, craft, and repair occupations Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... $17.81 $18.83 $19.36 $20.67 $22.02 $23.02 $24.13 $22.82 $22.67 $23.75 $24.39 $25.15 $25.66 $25.32 Wages and salaries ................................ 12.04 12.62 12.86 13.59 14.31 14.73 15.38 14.70 14.71 15.46 15.93 16.59 16.90 16.95 Total benefits .......................................... 5.78 6.20 6.50 7.08 7.71 8.29 8.76 8.12 7.96 8.29 8.45 8.56 8.76 8.37 Paid leave ........................................... 1.30 1.37 1.49 1.60 1.70 1.76 1.82 1.73 1.73 1.83 1.91 2.00 1.93 1.90 Supplemental pay ............................... .89 1.00 .92 .96 1.01 1.02 1.04 1.06 1.12 1.15 1.31 1.24 1.45 1.34 Insurance ............................................ 1.35 1.53 1.54 1.77 2.01 2.27 2.40 2.04 1.95 2.00 1.96 2.04 2.16 2.07 Retirement and savings ...................... .53 .54 .68 .77 .86 .91 1.08 .92 .85 .92 .87 .88 .88 .79 Legally required benefits .................... 1.64 1.69 1.83 1.94 2.05 2.16 2.31 2.22 2.18 2.27 2.27 2.27 2.23 2.20 Other benefits 1................................... .07 .08 .05 .05 .09 .17 .10 .14 .13 .13 .13 .13 .11 .07 Percent of total compensation by year 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ 67.6 67.0 66.4 65.7 65.0 64.0 63.7 64.4 64.9 65.1 65.3 66.0 65.9 66.9 Total benefits .......................................... 32.4 33.0 33.6 34.3 35.0 36.0 36.3 35.6 35.1 34.9 34.6 34.0 34.1 33.1 Paid leave ........................................... 7.3 7.3 7.7 7.7 7.7 7.7 7.6 7.6 7.7 7.7 7.8 8.0 7.5 7.5 Supplemental pay ............................... 5.0 5.3 4.7 4.6 4.6 4.4 4.3 4.7 4.9 4.8 5.4 4.9 5.7 5.3 Insurance ............................................ 7.6 8.1 7.9 8.5 9.1 9.8 9.9 9.0 8.6 8.4 8.0 8.1 8.4 8.2 Retirement and savings ...................... 3.0 2.9 3.5 3.7 3.9 3.9 4.5 4.0 3.7 3.9 3.6 3.5 3.4 3.1 Legally required benefits .................... 9.2 9.0 9.5 9.4 9.3 9.4 9.6 9.7 9.6 9.5 9.3 9.0 8.7 8.7 Other benefits 1................................... .4 .4 .3 .2 .4 .7 .4 .6 .6 .5 .5 .5 .4 .3 1Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits. Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 130 - Table 14. Private industry workers, manufacturing, by occupational group: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1988-2001 -- Continued Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... $13.25 $14.02 $13.81 $14.69 $15.50 $16.19 $16.98 $15.90 $16.16 $16.94 $17.27 $17.80 $18.81 $19.38 Wages and salaries ................................ 8.83 9.24 9.15 9.67 10.01 10.34 10.75 10.22 10.51 11.02 11.42 11.84 12.33 12.72 Total benefits .......................................... 4.42 4.78 4.66 5.02 5.48 5.84 6.22 5.68 5.66 5.92 5.85 5.95 6.48 6.66 Paid leave ........................................... .92 .97 .92 .99 1.04 1.08 1.13 1.05 1.07 1.10 1.10 1.14 1.22 1.35 Supplemental pay ............................... .62 .70 .70 .71 .73 .75 .78 .76 .83 .91 .93 .91 1.10 1.17 Insurance ............................................ 1.12 1.31 1.22 1.38 1.57 1.66 1.80 1.57 1.58 1.58 1.54 1.60 1.78 1.77 Retirement and savings ...................... .42 .42 .39 .43 .51 .56 .70 .60 .51 .58 .57 .56 .62 .60 Legally required benefits .................... 1.28 1.33 1.38 1.47 1.56 1.63 1.71 1.63 1.60 1.68 1.64 1.67 1.68 1.70 Other benefits 1................................... .05 .06 .05 .04 .08 .16 .11 .08 .06 .07 .06 .07 .09 .06 Percent of total compensation by year 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ 66.6 65.9 66.3 65.8 64.6 63.9 63.3 64.3 65.0 65.1 66.1 66.5 65.6 65.6 Total benefits .......................................... 33.4 34.1 33.7 34.2 35.4 36.1 36.7 35.7 35.0 34.9 33.9 33.4 34.4 34.4 Paid leave ........................................... 7.0 6.9 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.6 6.6 6.6 6.5 6.4 6.4 6.5 7.0 Supplemental pay ............................... 4.7 5.0 5.1 4.9 4.7 4.7 4.6 4.8 5.1 5.4 5.4 5.1 5.8 6.0 Insurance ............................................ 8.5 9.3 8.9 9.4 10.1 10.3 10.6 9.8 9.8 9.3 8.9 9.0 9.5 9.1 Retirement and savings ...................... 3.1 3.0 2.9 2.9 3.3 3.4 4.1 3.7 3.2 3.4 3.3 3.1 3.3 3.1 Legally required benefits .................... 9.7 9.5 10.0 10.0 10.1 10.0 10.1 10.2 9.9 9.9 9.5 9.4 8.9 8.8 Other benefits 1................................... .4 .4 .3 .3 .5 1.0 .6 .5 .4 .4 .3 .4 .5 .3 1Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits. Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 131 - Table 14. Private industry workers, manufacturing, by occupational group: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1988-2001 -- Continued Transportation and material moving occupations Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... $15.55 $16.17 $16.00 $16.38 $17.22 $17.86 $18.60 $17.48 $17.60 $17.45 $18.30 $17.84 $18.44 $20.35 Wages and salaries ................................ 10.36 10.67 10.61 10.78 11.25 11.61 11.93 11.23 11.57 11.78 12.40 12.21 12.41 13.81 Total benefits .......................................... 5.18 5.50 5.39 5.60 5.98 6.24 6.67 6.25 6.02 5.67 5.90 5.63 6.03 6.54 Paid leave ........................................... 1.08 1.13 .99 1.02 1.08 1.11 1.15 1.04 1.08 1.01 1.09 .99 1.04 1.16 Supplemental pay ............................... .61 .68 .69 .72 .76 .73 .72 .89 .89 .77 .84 .93 1.00 1.00 Insurance ............................................ 1.27 1.42 1.28 1.37 1.55 1.68 1.89 1.72 1.65 1.41 1.45 1.38 1.46 1.65 Retirement and savings ...................... .53 .53 .64 .69 .72 .74 .85 .66 .63 .54 .57 .45 .53 .62 Legally required benefits .................... 1.65 1.70 1.77 1.77 1.82 1.89 1.98 1.90 1.77 1.92 1.93 1.86 1.99 2.07 Other benefits 2................................... .05 .05 .02 .03 .05 .09 .08 .04 1() 1( ) .02 .02 .03 .04 Percent of total compensation by year 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ 66.6 66.0 66.3 65.8 65.3 65.0 64.1 64.3 65.8 67.5 67.8 68.4 67.3 67.9 Total benefits .......................................... 33.3 34.0 33.7 34.2 34.7 35.0 35.9 35.7 34.2 32.5 32.2 31.6 32.7 32.1 Paid leave ........................................... 6.9 7.0 6.2 6.2 6.3 6.2 6.2 6.0 6.1 5.8 6.0 5.5 5.6 5.7 Supplemental pay ............................... 3.9 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.4 4.1 3.9 5.1 5.0 4.4 4.6 5.2 5.4 4.9 Insurance ............................................ 8.2 8.8 8.0 8.4 9.0 9.4 10.2 9.8 9.4 8.1 7.9 7.7 7.9 8.1 Retirement and savings ...................... 3.4 3.3 4.0 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.6 3.8 3.6 3.1 3.1 2.5 2.9 3.0 Legally required benefits .................... 10.6 10.5 11.1 10.8 10.6 10.6 10.7 10.9 10.1 11.0 10.5 10.4 10.8 10.2 Other benefits 2................................... .3 .3 .1 .2 .3 .5 .4 .2 3() 3( ) .1 .1 .2 .2 1Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.2Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.3Less than .05 percent.Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 132 - Table 14. Private industry workers, manufacturing, by occupational group: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1988-2001 -- Continued Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... $11.78 $12.21 $11.66 $12.17 $12.66 $13.10 $13.32 $12.94 $13.65 $13.96 $14.12 $14.16 $14.41 $14.73 Wages and salaries ................................ 7.94 8.15 7.82 8.15 8.41 8.56 8.70 8.65 9.08 9.36 9.57 9.72 9.90 10.18 Total benefits .......................................... 3.84 4.06 3.84 4.03 4.25 4.54 4.63 4.29 4.57 4.60 4.56 4.44 4.51 4.55 Paid leave ........................................... .72 .74 .65 .69 .73 .74 .74 .70 .75 .77 .76 .74 .76 .79 Supplemental pay ............................... .46 .52 .50 .50 .51 .55 .53 .60 .68 .62 .60 .60 .68 .62 Insurance ............................................ .97 1.10 1.01 1.11 1.23 1.33 1.37 1.21 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.18 1.24 1.36 Retirement and savings ...................... .35 .36 .33 .37 .38 .42 .47 .42 .46 .50 .50 .48 .44 .36 Legally required benefits .................... 1.31 1.32 1.33 1.35 1.37 1.43 1.49 1.34 1.41 1.44 1.41 1.42 1.36 1.40 Other benefits 1................................... .02 .03 .02 .02 .03 .07 .04 .02 .02 .02 .03 .02 .02 .04 Percent of total compensation by year 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ 67.4 66.7 67.1 66.9 66.4 65.3 65.3 66.8 66.5 67.1 67.8 68.6 68.7 69.1 Total benefits .......................................... 32.6 33.3 32.9 33.1 33.6 34.7 34.7 33.2 33.5 32.9 32.3 31.4 31.3 30.9 Paid leave ........................................... 6.1 6.1 5.6 5.6 5.7 5.6 5.5 5.4 5.5 5.5 5.4 5.2 5.3 5.4 Supplemental pay ............................... 3.9 4.2 4.3 4.1 4.1 4.2 4.0 4.6 5.0 4.4 4.2 4.2 4.7 4.2 Insurance ............................................ 8.2 9.0 8.7 9.1 9.7 10.2 10.3 9.4 9.2 9.0 8.9 8.3 8.6 9.2 Retirement and savings ...................... 3.0 2.9 2.8 3.0 3.0 3.2 3.5 3.2 3.3 3.6 3.5 3.4 3.1 2.4 Legally required benefits .................... 11.2 10.8 11.4 11.1 10.8 10.9 11.2 10.4 10.3 10.3 10.0 10.0 9.4 9.5 Other benefits 1................................... .2 .2 .1 .1 .2 .5 .3 .2 .1 .2 .2 .1 .1 .3 1Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits. Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 133 - Table 14. Private industry workers, manufacturing, by occupational group: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1988-2001 -- Continued Service occupations Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... $12.48 $13.44 $13.65 $14.26 $15.18 $15.97 $16.11 $15.37 $15.55 $16.95 $17.67 $17.76 $16.99 $17.22 Wages and salaries ................................ 8.19 8.61 9.23 9.64 10.10 10.53 10.66 9.96 10.09 11.05 11.45 11.55 11.03 11.59 Total benefits .......................................... 4.30 4.83 4.42 4.62 5.09 5.44 5.45 5.41 5.46 5.90 6.22 6.22 5.97 5.63 Paid leave ........................................... .88 .98 .94 .97 1.03 1.05 1.06 1.01 1.07 1.16 1.25 1.21 1.09 1.19 Supplemental pay ............................... .53 .64 .49 .48 .51 .50 .45 .70 .90 .89 .97 .89 .98 .72 Insurance ............................................ 1.22 1.47 1.17 1.24 1.47 1.56 1.58 1.56 1.39 1.56 1.55 1.72 1.62 1.59 Retirement and savings ...................... .45 .48 .49 .56 .60 .67 .75 .58 .45 .50 .59 .54 .54 .57 Legally required benefits .................... 1.15 1.20 1.29 1.34 1.43 1.52 1.54 1.46 1.52 1.72 1.78 1.79 1.64 1.46 Other benefits 1................................... .07 .07 .04 .03 .06 .16 .08 .10 .12 .09 .09 .07 .10 .11 Percent of total compensation by year 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ 65.6 64.1 67.6 67.6 66.5 65.9 66.2 64.8 64.9 65.2 64.8 65.0 64.9 67.3 Total benefits .......................................... 34.4 35.9 32.4 32.4 33.5 34.1 33.8 35.2 35.1 34.8 35.2 35.0 35.1 32.7 Paid leave ........................................... 7.0 7.3 6.9 6.8 6.8 6.6 6.6 6.6 6.9 6.8 7.1 6.8 6.4 6.9 Supplemental pay ............................... 4.3 4.8 3.6 3.4 3.3 3.1 2.8 4.6 5.8 5.2 5.5 5.0 5.8 4.2 Insurance ............................................ 9.7 10.9 8.6 8.7 9.7 9.8 9.8 10.1 8.9 9.2 8.8 9.7 9.5 9.2 Retirement and savings ...................... 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.9 4.0 4.2 4.7 3.8 2.9 2.9 3.3 3.0 3.2 3.3 Legally required benefits .................... 9.2 8.9 9.5 9.4 9.4 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.8 10.1 10.1 10.1 9.7 8.5 Other benefits 1................................... .6 .5 .3 .2 .4 1.0 .5 .7 .8 .5 .5 .4 .6 .6 1Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits. Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 134 - Table 15. Private industry workers, nonmanufacturing, by occupational group: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1988-2001 White-collar occupations Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... $15.21 $15.75 $16.82 $17.36 $18.12 $18.80 $19.41 $19.55 $20.11 $20.56 $21.37 $22.03 $23.29 $24.44 Wages and salaries ................................ 11.37 11.79 12.52 12.91 13.39 13.80 14.22 14.38 14.82 15.29 15.90 16.38 17.33 18.15 Total benefits .......................................... 3.84 3.95 4.31 4.45 4.73 5.00 5.19 5.18 5.28 5.27 5.48 5.66 5.96 6.29 Paid leave ........................................... 1.17 1.20 1.26 1.29 1.32 1.33 1.35 1.33 1.37 1.39 1.44 1.49 1.64 1.77 Supplemental pay ............................... .27 .26 .32 .29 .35 .42 .46 .48 .50 .53 .61 .59 .64 .64 Insurance ............................................ .75 .82 .94 1.04 1.13 1.21 1.26 1.21 1.20 1.11 1.15 1.20 1.26 1.34 Retirement and savings ...................... .49 .46 .50 .48 .49 .52 .55 .56 .62 .60 .61 .64 .66 .72 Legally required benefits .................... 1.15 1.20 1.29 1.35 1.42 1.49 1.55 1.56 1.58 1.62 1.65 1.70 1.73 1.80 Other benefits 2................................... .02 1() 1() 1() 1( ) .02 .03 .02 .02 .02 .02 .02 .02 .02 Percent of total compensation by year 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ 74.7 74.9 74.4 74.4 73.9 73.4 73.2 73.5 73.7 74.3 74.4 74.4 74.4 74.3 Total benefits .......................................... 25.3 25.1 25.6 25.6 26.1 26.6 26.8 26.5 26.3 25.7 25.6 25.7 25.6 25.7 Paid leave ........................................... 7.7 7.6 7.5 7.4 7.3 7.1 7.0 6.8 6.8 6.8 6.7 6.8 7.0 7.2 Supplemental pay ............................... 1.8 1.7 1.9 1.7 1.9 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.5 2.6 2.9 2.7 2.7 2.6 Insurance ............................................ 4.9 5.2 5.6 6.0 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.2 5.9 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.5 Retirement and savings ...................... 3.2 2.9 3.0 2.8 2.7 2.8 2.8 2.9 3.1 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.8 2.9 Legally required benefits .................... 7.6 7.6 7.6 7.7 7.8 7.9 8.0 8.0 7.9 7.9 7.7 7.7 7.4 7.4 Other benefits 2................................... .1 3() 3() 3() 3( ) .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 1Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.2Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.3Less than .05 percent.Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 135 - Table 15. Private industry workers, nonmanufacturing, by occupational group: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1988-2001 -- Continued Professional specialty and technical occupations Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... $20.43 $21.23 $22.90 $23.37 $24.74 $26.76 $27.32 $27.22 $28.06 $27.86 $28.27 $29.05 $31.69 $33.99 Wages and salaries ................................ 15.20 15.88 16.92 17.39 18.28 19.71 20.09 20.16 20.64 20.59 21.02 21.66 23.70 25.35 Total benefits .......................................... 5.24 5.35 5.98 5.97 6.46 7.06 7.22 7.06 7.42 7.27 7.25 7.39 7.99 8.64 Paid leave ........................................... 1.71 1.73 1.85 1.87 1.93 2.01 2.00 1.91 1.96 1.93 1.95 2.07 2.50 2.69 Supplemental pay ............................... .37 .36 .45 .38 .53 .61 .63 .58 .76 .88 .87 .66 .67 .71 Insurance ............................................ .88 1.00 1.18 1.25 1.39 1.54 1.60 1.55 1.51 1.33 1.35 1.46 1.55 1.66 Retirement and savings ...................... .78 .67 .78 .69 .67 .81 .86 .87 .97 .90 .89 .93 .94 1.09 Legally required benefits .................... 1.49 1.59 1.71 1.77 1.92 2.06 2.09 2.12 2.19 2.20 2.16 2.24 2.31 2.46 Other benefits 2................................... 1() 1() 1() 1( ) .02 .03 .04 .04 .03 .03 .02 .03 .03 .02 Percent of total compensation by year 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ 74.4 74.8 73.9 74.4 73.9 73.6 73.6 74.1 73.5 73.9 74.4 74.6 74.8 74.6 Total benefits .......................................... 25.6 25.2 26.1 25.6 26.1 26.4 26.4 25.9 26.5 26.1 25.6 25.4 25.2 25.4 Paid leave ........................................... 8.4 8.2 8.1 8.0 7.8 7.5 7.3 7.0 7.0 6.9 6.9 7.1 7.9 7.9 Supplemental pay ............................... 1.8 1.7 2.0 1.6 2.1 2.3 2.3 2.1 2.7 3.2 3.1 2.3 2.1 2.1 Insurance ............................................ 4.3 4.7 5.2 5.3 5.6 5.8 5.8 5.7 5.4 4.8 4.8 5.0 4.9 4.9 Retirement and savings ...................... 3.8 3.1 3.4 3.0 2.7 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.5 3.2 3.1 3.2 3.0 3.2 Legally required benefits .................... 7.3 7.5 7.5 7.6 7.8 7.7 7.7 7.8 7.8 7.9 7.6 7.7 7.3 7.2 Other benefits 2................................... 3() 3() 3() 3( ) .1 .1 .2 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 1Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.2Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.3Less than .05 percent.Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 136 - Table 15. Private industry workers, nonmanufacturing, by occupational group: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1988 1-2001 -- Continued Professional specialty occupations Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation ....................................––––––$28.73 $28.85 $29.50 $29.53 $30.12 $30.42 $34.07 $36.98 Wages and salaries ................................––––––21.20 21.46 21.76 21.93 22.45 22.80 25.61 27.73 Total benefits ..........................................––––––7.52 7.40 7.74 7.61 7.67 7.62 8.47 9.25 Paid leave ...........................................––––––2.07 2.01 2.07 2.05 2.07 2.17 2.76 2.99 Supplemental pay ...............................–––––– .71.63.881.03 .99 .70 .68 .75 Insurance ............................................––––––1.61 1.58 1.54 1.35 1.38 1.49 1.60 1.68 Retirement and savings ......................–––––– .90.92.97.89.93.92.981.18 Legally required benefits ....................––––––2.19 2.21 2.26 2.27 2.27 2.32 2.42 2.63 Other benefits 2...................................–––––– .05.04.03.02.02.02.03.02 Percent of total compensation by year 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation ....................................––––––100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................––––––73.8 74.4 73.8 74.2 74.5 75.0 75.2 75.0 Total benefits ..........................................––––––26.2 25.6 26.2 25.8 25.5 25.0 24.9 25.0 Paid leave ...........................................–––––– 7.27.07.06.96.97.18.18.1 Supplemental pay ...............................–––––– 2.52.23.03.53.32.32.02.0 Insurance ............................................–––––– 5.65.55.24.64.64.94.74.5 Retirement and savings ......................–––––– 3.13.23.33.03.13.02.93.2 Legally required benefits ....................–––––– 7.67.77.77.77.57.67.17.1 Other benefits 2...................................–––––– .2.2.1.1.1.1.1.1 1This series began in 1994.2Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.

– Data not available.Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 137 - Table 15. Private industry workers, nonmanufacturing, by occupational group: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1988 1-2001 -- Continued Technical occupations Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation ....................................––––––$23.92 $23.21 $24.27 $23.63 $23.65 $25.69 $25.93 $26.76 Wages and salaries ................................––––––17.42 16.96 17.69 17.22 17.45 18.85 19.08 19.60 Total benefits ..........................................––––––6.50 6.25 6.59 6.41 6.20 6.84 6.85 7.15 Paid leave ...........................................––––––1.83 1.66 1.68 1.64 1.65 1.83 1.87 1.96 Supplemental pay ...............................–––––– .45.48.46.49.58.57.64.62 Insurance ............................................––––––1.58 1.47 1.43 1.31 1.27 1.37 1.42 1.63 Retirement and savings ......................–––––– .74.74.97.93.77.96.85.87 Legally required benefits ....................––––––1.88 1.88 2.02 2.01 1.90 2.05 2.03 2.07 Other benefits 3...................................–––––– .02.02.03.03.03.06.03 2() Percent of total compensation by year 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation ....................................––––––100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................––––––72.8 73.1 72.9 72.9 73.8 73.4 73.6 73.2 Total benefits ..........................................––––––27.2 26.9 27.1 27.1 26.2 26.6 26.4 26.7 Paid leave ...........................................–––––– 7.67.16.96.97.07.17.27.3 Supplemental pay ...............................–––––– 1.92.01.92.12.52.22.52.3 Insurance ............................................–––––– 6.66.35.95.55.45.35.56.1 Retirement and savings ......................–––––– 3.13.24.03.93.33.73.33.3 Legally required benefits ....................–––––– 7.88.18.38.58.08.07.87.7 Other benefits 3...................................–––––– .1.1.1.1.1.2.1 4() 1This series began in 1994.2Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.3Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.4Less than .05 percent.– Data not available.

Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 138 - Table 15. Private industry workers, nonmanufacturing, by occupational group: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1988-2001 -- Continued Executive, administrative, and managerial occupations Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... $22.79 $24.30 $25.25 $26.68 $27.95 $28.70 $29.37 $31.33 $32.11 $31.53 $33.06 $33.86 $36.48 $39.87 Wages and salaries ................................ 17.10 18.18 18.75 19.89 20.61 21.00 21.36 22.64 23.44 23.27 24.20 24.56 26.67 28.71 Total benefits .......................................... 5.69 6.12 6.50 6.79 7.34 7.71 8.01 8.69 8.67 8.25 8.86 9.30 9.81 11.16 Paid leave ........................................... 1.95 2.13 2.13 2.26 2.36 2.32 2.37 2.55 2.68 2.60 2.74 2.78 2.96 3.33 Supplemental pay ............................... .44 .41 .57 .45 .56 .76 .83 1.09 .86 .85 1.14 1.34 1.43 1.68 Insurance ............................................ .97 1.09 1.17 1.29 1.47 1.57 1.61 1.65 1.68 1.52 1.55 1.66 1.78 2.00 Retirement and savings ...................... .73 .78 .83 .85 .91 .88 .89 1.04 1.10 .95 1.02 1.05 1.13 1.42 Legally required benefits .................... 1.58 1.69 1.79 1.91 2.00 2.13 2.25 2.30 2.30 2.29 2.36 2.43 2.48 2.67 Other benefits 2................................... .02 .02 1( ) .03 .03 .04 .06 .05 .05 .05 .04 .04 .04 .06 Percent of total compensation by year 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ 75.0 74.8 74.2 74.6 73.8 73.1 72.7 72.3 73.0 73.8 73.2 72.5 73.1 72.0 Total benefits .......................................... 25.0 25.2 25.8 25.4 26.2 26.9 27.3 27.7 27.0 26.2 26.8 27.5 26.9 28.0 Paid leave ........................................... 8.6 8.8 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.1 8.1 8.1 8.3 8.2 8.3 8.2 8.1 8.4 Supplemental pay ............................... 1.9 1.7 2.3 1.7 2.0 2.6 2.8 3.5 2.7 2.7 3.4 4.0 3.9 4.2 Insurance ............................................ 4.3 4.5 4.6 4.8 5.3 5.5 5.5 5.3 5.2 4.8 4.7 4.9 4.9 5.0 Retirement and savings ...................... 3.2 3.2 3.3 3.2 3.3 3.1 3.0 3.3 3.4 3.0 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.6 Legally required benefits .................... 6.9 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.1 7.4 7.7 7.3 7.2 7.3 7.1 7.2 6.8 6.7 Other benefits 2................................... .1 .1 3( ) .1 .1 .2 .2 .2 .1 .2 .1 .1 .1 .2 1Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.2Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.3Less than .05 percent.Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 139 - Table 15. Private industry workers, nonmanufacturing, by occupational group: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1988-2001 -- Continued Sales occupations Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... $10.54 $11.12 $11.77 $12.60 $12.98 $13.00 $13.50 $13.38 $14.12 $14.58 $15.34 $15.92 $15.95 $15.69 Wages and salaries ................................ 8.18 8.73 9.20 9.79 10.04 9.93 10.33 10.30 10.94 11.41 12.03 12.50 12.55 12.30 Total benefits .......................................... 2.36 2.39 2.57 2.82 2.94 3.07 3.17 3.08 3.17 3.17 3.30 3.41 3.39 3.38 Paid leave ........................................... .55 .57 .60 .62 .63 .63 .62 .60 .62 .64 .66 .67 .69 .78 Supplemental pay ............................... .17 .16 .17 .22 .23 .31 .35 .33 .39 .33 .38 .43 .39 .32 Insurance ............................................ .50 .49 .57 .65 .70 .71 .73 .68 .67 .65 .65 .65 .68 .70 Retirement and savings ...................... .23 .22 .24 .25 .26 .25 .26 .25 .27 .31 .31 .34 .32 .28 Legally required benefits .................... .88 .94 .99 1.08 1.13 1.16 1.20 1.20 1.21 1.23 1.29 1.32 1.31 1.30 Other benefits 2................................... .02 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() Percent of total compensation by year 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ 77.6 78.5 78.2 77.6 77.3 76.4 76.5 77.0 77.5 78.2 78.4 78.5 78.7 78.4 Total benefits .......................................... 22.4 21.5 21.8 22.4 22.7 23.6 23.5 23.0 22.5 21.8 21.5 21.4 21.3 21.5 Paid leave ........................................... 5.3 5.2 5.1 5.0 4.9 4.8 4.6 4.5 4.4 4.4 4.3 4.2 4.3 5.0 Supplemental pay ............................... 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.8 1.8 2.4 2.6 2.5 2.8 2.2 2.5 2.7 2.4 2.0 Insurance ............................................ 4.8 4.4 4.8 5.1 5.4 5.5 5.4 5.1 4.8 4.5 4.2 4.1 4.3 4.5 Retirement and savings ...................... 2.2 2.0 2.0 1.9 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 2.1 2.0 2.1 2.0 1.8 Legally required benefits .................... 8.4 8.4 8.4 8.5 8.7 9.0 8.9 9.0 8.6 8.5 8.4 8.3 8.2 8.3 Other benefits 2................................... .2 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 1Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.2Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.3Less than .05 percent.Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 140 - Table 15. Private industry workers, nonmanufacturing, by occupational group: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1988-2001 -- Continued Administrative support, including clerical occupations Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... $11.28 $11.74 $12.36 $12.93 $13.41 $13.86 $14.39 $14.45 $14.72 $14.93 $15.67 $16.27 $16.85 $16.94 Wages and salaries ................................ 8.21 8.53 8.96 9.30 9.62 9.90 10.25 10.37 10.59 10.83 11.37 11.84 12.18 12.42 Total benefits .......................................... 3.06 3.21 3.40 3.63 3.79 3.96 4.14 4.08 4.12 4.09 4.30 4.44 4.67 4.52 Paid leave ........................................... .86 .90 .92 .97 .99 .99 1.03 1.00 1.02 1.03 1.07 1.12 1.15 1.13 Supplemental pay ............................... .19 .20 .21 .22 .24 .25 .27 .29 .28 .30 .34 .34 .46 .35 Insurance ............................................ .74 .82 .93 1.07 1.13 1.19 1.25 1.20 1.18 1.12 1.20 1.22 1.25 1.27 Retirement and savings ...................... .36 .36 .36 .35 .36 .39 .41 .41 .45 .44 .46 .48 .51 .46 Legally required benefits .................... .90 .92 .98 1.02 1.06 1.12 1.17 1.18 1.17 1.19 1.22 1.26 1.29 1.30 Other benefits 2................................... 1() 1() 1() 1() 1( ) .02 1() 1() 1( ) .02 1( ) .02 .02 .02 Percent of total compensation by year 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ 72.8 72.6 72.5 71.9 71.7 71.4 71.2 71.8 72.0 72.6 72.6 72.8 72.3 73.3 Total benefits .......................................... 27.2 27.4 27.5 28.1 28.3 28.6 28.8 28.2 28.0 27.4 27.4 27.3 27.7 26.7 Paid leave ........................................... 7.7 7.7 7.5 7.5 7.3 7.1 7.1 6.9 6.9 6.9 6.8 6.9 6.8 6.7 Supplemental pay ............................... 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.9 2.0 1.9 2.0 2.2 2.1 2.7 2.1 Insurance ............................................ 6.6 6.9 7.5 8.2 8.5 8.6 8.7 8.3 8.0 7.5 7.7 7.5 7.4 7.5 Retirement and savings ...................... 3.2 3.1 2.9 2.7 2.7 2.8 2.9 2.8 3.1 2.9 2.9 3.0 3.0 2.7 Legally required benefits .................... 8.0 7.9 7.9 7.9 7.9 8.1 8.1 8.1 8.0 8.0 7.8 7.7 7.7 7.7 Other benefits 2................................... 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() .1 3() 3() 3() .1 3( ) .1 .1 .1 1Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.2Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.3Less than .05 percent.Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 141 - Table 15. Private industry workers, nonmanufacturing, by occupational group: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1988-2001 -- Continued Blue-collar occupations Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... $13.52 $13.74 $14.30 $14.66 $15.22 $15.65 $16.03 $16.22 $16.67 $16.47 $16.86 $17.38 $18.17 $18.86 Wages and salaries ................................ 9.60 9.81 10.13 10.32 10.63 10.84 11.10 11.33 11.71 11.69 12.04 12.41 12.99 13.48 Total benefits .......................................... 3.92 3.93 4.17 4.34 4.59 4.81 4.93 4.89 4.96 4.78 4.82 4.97 5.19 5.38 Paid leave ........................................... .72 .74 .75 .78 .79 .81 .79 .77 .78 .74 .77 .80 .84 .91 Supplemental pay ............................... .37 .36 .39 .39 .40 .40 .42 .44 .45 .47 .51 .53 .56 .57 Insurance ............................................ .75 .76 .85 .95 1.05 1.12 1.15 1.11 1.12 1.07 1.06 1.11 1.17 1.28 Retirement and savings ...................... .51 .45 .47 .47 .48 .50 .53 .56 .64 .60 .61 .66 .71 .68 Legally required benefits .................... 1.55 1.60 1.70 1.75 1.85 1.96 2.01 2.00 1.97 1.89 1.86 1.87 1.90 1.93 Other benefits 2................................... .02 1() 1() 1() 1() 1( ) .02 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() Percent of total compensation by year 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ 71.0 71.4 70.8 70.4 69.8 69.3 69.3 69.9 70.2 71.0 71.4 71.4 71.5 71.5 Total benefits .......................................... 29.0 28.6 29.2 29.6 30.2 30.7 30.7 30.1 29.8 29.0 28.6 28.6 28.6 28.5 Paid leave ........................................... 5.4 5.4 5.2 5.3 5.2 5.2 4.9 4.7 4.7 4.5 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.8 Supplemental pay ............................... 2.7 2.6 2.7 2.6 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.7 2.7 2.9 3.0 3.0 3.1 3.0 Insurance ............................................ 5.5 5.6 6.0 6.5 6.9 7.2 7.2 6.9 6.7 6.5 6.3 6.4 6.4 6.8 Retirement and savings ...................... 3.8 3.3 3.3 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.8 3.7 3.6 3.8 3.9 3.6 Legally required benefits .................... 11.5 11.7 11.9 11.9 12.2 12.5 12.5 12.3 11.8 11.5 11.0 10.8 10.5 10.2 Other benefits 2................................... .1 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() .1 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 1Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.2Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.3Less than .05 percent.Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 142 - Table 15. Private industry workers, nonmanufacturing, by occupational group: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1988-2001 -- Continued Precision production, craft, and repair occupations Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... $17.08 $17.12 $17.89 $18.62 $19.47 $20.13 $20.70 $21.18 $21.87 $21.69 $22.47 $23.70 $24.43 $24.65 Wages and salaries ................................ 12.20 12.29 12.67 13.11 13.64 13.96 14.31 14.72 15.28 15.39 16.04 16.86 17.35 17.54 Total benefits .......................................... 4.88 4.84 5.22 5.51 5.83 6.16 6.39 6.45 6.59 6.30 6.42 6.84 7.08 7.11 Paid leave ........................................... .92 .96 .97 1.01 1.05 1.07 1.07 1.07 1.12 1.01 1.07 1.16 1.22 1.29 Supplemental pay ............................... .46 .43 .49 .50 .51 .50 .55 .55 .57 .57 .63 .71 .77 .75 Insurance ............................................ .90 .92 1.02 1.16 1.30 1.42 1.47 1.49 1.50 1.38 1.41 1.51 1.56 1.62 Retirement and savings ...................... .68 .58 .64 .64 .66 .70 .74 .78 .86 .87 .92 1.00 1.10 1.00 Legally required benefits .................... 1.89 1.92 2.08 2.18 2.29 2.45 2.53 2.54 2.52 2.45 2.38 2.45 2.41 2.44 Other benefits 2................................... .03 .03 .02 .02 .02 .02 .03 .02 .02 1( ) .02 1( ) .02 .02 Percent of total compensation by year 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ 71.4 71.8 70.8 70.4 70.1 69.4 69.1 69.5 69.9 71.0 71.4 71.1 71.0 71.2 Total benefits .......................................... 28.6 28.2 29.2 29.6 29.9 30.6 30.9 30.5 30.1 29.0 28.6 28.9 29.0 28.8 Paid leave ........................................... 5.4 5.6 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.3 5.2 5.1 5.1 4.7 4.8 4.9 5.0 5.2 Supplemental pay ............................... 2.7 2.5 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.5 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.8 3.0 3.2 3.0 Insurance ............................................ 5.3 5.4 5.7 6.2 6.7 7.1 7.1 7.0 6.9 6.4 6.3 6.4 6.4 6.6 Retirement and savings ...................... 4.0 3.4 3.6 3.4 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.9 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.5 4.1 Legally required benefits .................... 11.1 11.2 11.6 11.7 11.8 12.2 12.2 12.0 11.5 11.3 10.6 10.3 9.9 9.9 Other benefits 2................................... .2 .2 .1 .1 .1 .1 .2 .1 .1 3() .1 3( ) .1 .1 1Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.2Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.3Less than .05 percent.Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 143 - Table 15. Private industry workers, nonmanufacturing, by occupational group: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1988-2001 -- Continued Transportation and material moving occupations Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... $14.14 $14.83 $15.26 $15.34 $15.88 $16.02 $16.71 $16.84 $16.82 $16.73 $17.32 $17.61 $18.35 $18.90 Wages and salaries ................................ 9.87 10.37 10.62 10.54 10.78 10.80 11.28 11.47 11.63 11.69 12.15 12.39 12.89 13.23 Total benefits .......................................... 4.27 4.46 4.64 4.81 5.10 5.22 5.43 5.37 5.19 5.04 5.17 5.21 5.46 5.67 Paid leave ........................................... .82 .85 .86 .90 .88 .87 .88 .84 .78 .79 .83 .83 .90 .89 Supplemental pay ............................... .36 .38 .40 .42 .45 .43 .43 .48 .47 .50 .56 .55 .55 .59 Insurance ............................................ .83 .87 .97 1.06 1.14 1.17 1.26 1.20 1.16 1.21 1.17 1.21 1.29 1.40 Retirement and savings ...................... .53 .53 .51 .54 .54 .57 .62 .65 .76 .61 .62 .67 .67 .75 Legally required benefits .................... 1.72 1.82 1.89 1.89 2.09 2.16 2.22 2.20 2.02 1.92 1.98 1.95 2.05 2.02 Other benefits 2................................... 1() 1() 1() 1() 1( ) .02 .02 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1( ) .02 Percent of total compensation by year 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ 69.8 69.9 69.6 68.7 67.9 67.4 67.5 68.1 69.1 69.9 70.2 70.4 70.2 70.0 Total benefits .......................................... 30.2 30.1 30.4 31.3 32.1 32.6 32.5 31.9 30.9 30.1 29.8 29.6 29.8 30.0 Paid leave ........................................... 5.8 5.7 5.6 5.8 5.5 5.5 5.3 5.0 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.7 4.9 4.7 Supplemental pay ............................... 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.7 2.6 2.8 2.8 3.0 3.2 3.1 3.0 3.1 Insurance ............................................ 5.9 5.9 6.3 6.9 7.2 7.3 7.5 7.1 6.9 7.2 6.8 6.9 7.0 7.4 Retirement and savings ...................... 3.7 3.6 3.4 3.5 3.4 3.6 3.7 3.8 4.5 3.7 3.6 3.8 3.7 4.0 Legally required benefits .................... 12.2 12.3 12.4 12.3 13.2 13.5 13.3 13.1 12.0 11.5 11.4 11.1 11.2 10.7 Other benefits 2................................... 3() 3() 3() 3() 3( ) .1 .1 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() .1 1Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.2Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.3Less than .05 percent.Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 144 - Table 15. Private industry workers, nonmanufacturing, by occupational group: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1988-2001 -- Continued Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... $9.63 $10.04 $10.27 $10.57 $11.00 $11.38 $11.54 $11.24 $11.64 $12.02 $12.05 $12.32 $12.70 $13.58 Wages and salaries ................................ 6.86 7.19 7.33 7.56 7.80 8.01 8.17 8.04 8.32 8.55 8.67 8.90 9.24 9.91 Total benefits .......................................... 2.78 2.85 2.94 3.01 3.20 3.37 3.37 3.20 3.32 3.47 3.39 3.41 3.46 3.66 Paid leave ........................................... .45 .46 .46 .48 .48 .50 .48 .42 .43 .47 .48 .48 .48 .55 Supplemental pay ............................... .26 .28 .28 .26 .28 .29 .29 .30 .31 .37 .39 .38 .38 .38 Insurance ............................................ .57 .58 .64 .69 .76 .82 .80 .72 .74 .76 .73 .74 .78 .90 Retirement and savings ...................... .33 .29 .30 .29 .31 .31 .33 .33 .40 .42 .38 .41 .41 .38 Legally required benefits .................... 1.15 1.23 1.25 1.29 1.36 1.44 1.48 1.43 1.44 1.45 1.40 1.40 1.41 1.44 Other benefits 2................................... 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() Percent of total compensation by year 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ 71.2 71.6 71.4 71.5 70.9 70.4 70.8 71.5 71.5 71.1 72.0 72.2 72.8 73.0 Total benefits .......................................... 28.8 28.4 28.6 28.5 29.1 29.6 29.2 28.5 28.5 28.9 28.1 27.7 27.2 27.0 Paid leave ........................................... 4.7 4.6 4.5 4.6 4.4 4.4 4.1 3.7 3.7 3.9 4.0 3.9 3.8 4.1 Supplemental pay ............................... 2.7 2.8 2.7 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.6 2.6 3.1 3.2 3.1 3.0 2.8 Insurance ............................................ 5.9 5.7 6.3 6.5 6.9 7.2 6.9 6.4 6.4 6.3 6.1 6.0 6.1 6.6 Retirement and savings ...................... 3.5 2.9 2.9 2.7 2.8 2.7 2.9 3.0 3.4 3.5 3.2 3.3 3.2 2.8 Legally required benefits .................... 11.9 12.2 12.1 12.2 12.4 12.6 12.8 12.7 12.4 12.0 11.6 11.4 11.1 10.6 Other benefits 2................................... 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 1Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.2Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.3Less than .05 percent.Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 145 - Table 15. Private industry workers, nonmanufacturing, by occupational group: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1988-2001 -- Continued Service occupations Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... $6.62 $7.02 $7.50 $7.66 $8.28 $8.37 $8.21 $8.24 $8.46 $8.87 $9.21 $9.41 $9.59 $10.25 Wages and salaries ................................ 5.12 5.43 5.75 5.87 6.30 6.39 6.23 6.28 6.46 6.85 7.16 7.35 7.51 7.96 Total benefits .......................................... 1.50 1.59 1.75 1.79 1.98 1.98 1.97 1.97 2.00 2.02 2.04 2.06 2.09 2.28 Paid leave ........................................... .31 .33 .35 .34 .38 .35 .34 .34 .35 .36 .36 .36 .37 .41 Supplemental pay ............................... .08 .09 .11 .10 .11 .11 .11 .12 .12 .13 .13 .14 .13 .16 Insurance ............................................ .27 .30 .35 .37 .43 .46 .45 .43 .43 .41 .41 .40 .43 .51 Retirement and savings ...................... .10 .11 .12 .11 .13 .09 .10 .10 .12 .11 .12 .12 .12 .14 Legally required benefits .................... .73 .77 .81 .87 .93 .97 .97 .98 .99 1.01 1.03 1.03 1.03 1.06 Other benefits 2................................... 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() Percent of total compensation by year 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ 77.4 77.4 76.6 76.7 76.1 76.3 75.9 76.2 76.3 77.2 77.7 78.1 78.3 77.7 Total benefits .......................................... 22.6 22.6 23.4 23.3 23.9 23.7 24.1 23.8 23.7 22.8 22.1 21.9 21.8 22.2 Paid leave ........................................... 4.7 4.7 4.6 4.4 4.6 4.2 4.2 4.1 4.1 4.0 3.9 3.8 3.9 4.0 Supplemental pay ............................... 1.2 1.2 1.5 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.6 Insurance ............................................ 4.1 4.2 4.7 4.9 5.2 5.4 5.4 5.2 5.0 4.7 4.5 4.3 4.5 5.0 Retirement and savings ...................... 1.6 1.5 1.7 1.5 1.5 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.4 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.4 Legally required benefits .................... 11.0 11.0 10.8 11.3 11.2 11.6 11.8 11.8 11.6 11.4 11.2 10.9 10.7 10.3 Other benefits 2................................... 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 1Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.2Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.3Less than .05 percent.Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 146 - Table 16. Private industry, union workers, for blue-collar workers and by major industry group: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1986-2001 Blue-collar occupations Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... $17.70 $18.23 $18.91 $19.44 $20.05 $21.11 $22.03 $23.16 $24.18 $23.07 $23.70 $24.07 $24.86 $25.76 $27.47 $28.07 Wages and salaries ................................ 11.75 12.06 12.23 12.60 12.94 13.50 13.83 14.31 14.84 14.43 14.90 15.16 15.75 16.41 17.37 18.06 Total benefits .......................................... 5.95 6.17 6.68 6.84 7.11 7.61 8.19 8.85 9.35 8.64 8.80 8.91 9.12 9.35 10.09 10.01 Paid leave ........................................... 1.27 1.26 1.34 1.36 1.38 1.47 1.52 1.61 1.63 1.47 1.51 1.51 1.58 1.64 1.74 1.82 Supplemental pay ............................... .67 .70 .79 .85 .84 .87 .90 .92 .92 .91 1.00 1.06 1.15 1.13 1.31 1.22 Insurance ............................................ 1.35 1.41 1.59 1.70 1.75 1.99 2.22 2.47 2.65 2.34 2.32 2.35 2.35 2.43 2.64 2.66 Retirement and savings ...................... .92 .95 .94 .87 1.00 1.05 1.14 1.22 1.42 1.31 1.42 1.48 1.54 1.60 1.79 1.70 Legally required benefits .................... 1.69 1.79 1.93 1.98 2.07 2.18 2.30 2.44 2.59 2.51 2.47 2.42 2.40 2.45 2.47 2.51 Other benefits 1................................... .06 .07 .08 .08 .07 .06 .10 .20 .14 .10 .08 .10 .10 .10 .13 .09 Percent of total compensation by year 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ 66.4 66.1 64.7 64.8 64.5 64.0 62.8 61.8 61.3 62.5 62.9 63.0 63.4 63.7 63.2 64.3 Total benefits .......................................... 33.6 33.9 35.3 35.2 35.5 36.0 37.2 38.2 38.7 37.5 37.1 37.0 36.7 36.3 36.7 35.7 Paid leave ........................................... 7.2 6.9 7.1 7.0 6.9 6.9 6.9 6.9 6.7 6.4 6.4 6.3 6.4 6.4 6.3 6.5 Supplemental pay ............................... 3.8 3.8 4.2 4.4 4.2 4.1 4.1 4.0 3.8 3.9 4.2 4.4 4.6 4.4 4.8 4.3 Insurance ............................................ 7.6 7.7 8.4 8.8 8.7 9.4 10.1 10.7 11.0 10.2 9.8 9.8 9.5 9.4 9.6 9.5 Retirement and savings ...................... 5.2 5.2 5.0 4.5 5.0 5.0 5.2 5.3 5.9 5.7 6.0 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.5 6.1 Legally required benefits .................... 9.5 9.8 10.2 10.2 10.3 10.3 10.5 10.5 10.7 10.9 10.4 10.0 9.7 9.5 9.0 8.9 Other benefits 1................................... .4 .4 .4 .4 .3 .3 .5 .9 .6 .4 .3 .4 .4 .4 .5 .3 1Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits. Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 147 - Table 16. Private industry, union workers, for blue-collar workers and by major industry group: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1986-2001 -- Continued Goods-producing industries 1 Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... $17.92 $18.44 $19.31 $19.78 $20.61 $21.85 $23.01 $24.21 $25.19 $23.67 $23.91 $24.65 $25.37 $26.33 $28.61 $29.65 Wages and salaries ................................ 11.78 12.18 12.42 12.72 13.20 13.85 14.23 14.70 15.22 14.57 14.85 15.44 16.01 16.74 18.01 18.80 Total benefits .......................................... 6.15 6.26 6.89 7.06 7.41 7.99 8.78 9.51 9.98 9.10 9.06 9.21 9.36 9.59 10.61 10.85 Paid leave ........................................... 1.20 1.20 1.29 1.33 1.36 1.46 1.55 1.62 1.62 1.46 1.47 1.50 1.58 1.62 1.75 1.83 Supplemental pay ............................... .76 .78 .89 .95 .97 1.00 1.04 1.06 1.01 1.02 1.13 1.15 1.22 1.19 1.48 1.68 Insurance ............................................ 1.43 1.46 1.69 1.85 1.85 2.12 2.42 2.70 2.90 2.52 2.44 2.46 2.46 2.57 2.83 2.84 Retirement and savings ...................... .97 .95 .96 .89 1.06 1.14 1.27 1.37 1.60 1.44 1.40 1.48 1.50 1.56 1.78 1.74 Legally required benefits .................... 1.70 1.79 1.95 1.94 2.08 2.19 2.36 2.47 2.64 2.52 2.50 2.49 2.46 2.51 2.59 2.65 Other benefits 2................................... .09 .09 .10 .11 .09 .08 .14 .28 .20 .14 .11 .13 .13 .13 .18 .12 Percent of total compensation by year 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ 65.7 66.0 64.3 64.3 64.0 63.4 61.8 60.7 60.4 61.6 62.1 62.6 63.1 63.6 63.0 63.4 Total benefits .......................................... 34.3 34.0 35.7 35.7 36.0 36.6 38.2 39.3 39.6 38.4 37.9 37.4 36.9 36.4 37.1 36.6 Paid leave ........................................... 6.7 6.5 6.7 6.7 6.6 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.4 6.2 6.2 6.1 6.2 6.2 6.1 6.2 Supplemental pay ............................... 4.3 4.2 4.6 4.8 4.7 4.6 4.5 4.4 4.0 4.3 4.7 4.7 4.8 4.5 5.2 5.7 Insurance ............................................ 8.0 7.9 8.8 9.3 9.0 9.7 10.5 11.2 11.5 10.6 10.2 10.0 9.7 9.8 9.9 9.6 Retirement and savings ...................... 5.4 5.2 5.0 4.5 5.1 5.2 5.5 5.7 6.3 6.1 5.9 6.0 5.9 5.9 6.2 5.9 Legally required benefits .................... 9.5 9.7 10.1 9.8 10.1 10.0 10.3 10.2 10.5 10.6 10.5 10.1 9.7 9.5 9.1 8.9 Other benefits 2................................... .5 .5 .5 .6 .4 .4 .6 1.2 .8 .6 .5 .5 .5 .5 .6 .4 1Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.2Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits. Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 148 - Table 16. Private industry, union workers, for blue-collar workers and by major industry group: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1986 1-2001 -- Continued Service-producing industries 2 Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... – – $17.03 $16.70 $17.39 $18.23 $19.57 $20.02 $21.50 $21.23 $22.75 $22.28 $21.94 $23.37 $23.70 $26.38 Wages and salaries ................................ – – 11.66 11.49 11.93 12.41 13.16 13.42 14.34 14.27 15.00 14.83 14.78 15.75 15.96 18.02 Total benefits .......................................... – – 5.37 5.21 5.46 5.83 6.42 6.60 7.17 6.96 7.76 7.45 7.16 7.62 7.74 8.37 Paid leave ........................................... – – 1.40 1.32 1.35 1.41 1.56 1.54 1.68 1.63 1.77 1.61 1.56 1.70 1.75 1.98 Supplemental pay ............................... – – .39 .42 .43 .45 .48 .47 .51 .47 .57 .67 .69 .72 .71 .68 Insurance ............................................ – – 1.22 1.20 1.34 1.54 1.77 1.89 2.06 1.99 2.05 1.92 1.86 1.89 2.01 2.21 Retirement and savings ...................... – – .77 .64 .68 .68 .76 .77 .90 .87 1.25 1.17 1.09 1.21 1.25 1.36 Legally required benefits .................... – – 1.57 1.61 1.64 1.74 1.81 1.89 1.99 1.98 2.08 2.06 1.93 2.04 1.98 2.10 Other benefits 4................................... – – .02 .02 3( ) .02 .02 .03 .03 .02 .03 .03 .03 .05 .03 .03 Percent of total compensation by year 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... – – 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ – – 68.5 68.8 68.6 68.0 67.2 67.0 66.7 67.2 65.9 66.5 67.4 67.4 67.3 68.3 Total benefits .......................................... – – 31.5 31.2 31.4 32.0 32.8 33.0 33.3 32.8 34.1 33.5 32.6 32.6 32.7 31.7 Paid leave ........................................... – – 8.2 7.9 7.8 7.7 8.0 7.7 7.8 7.7 7.8 7.2 7.1 7.3 7.4 7.5 Supplemental pay ............................... – – 2.3 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.4 2.3 2.2 2.5 3.0 3.1 3.1 3.0 2.6 Insurance ............................................ – – 7.1 7.2 7.7 8.4 9.1 9.4 9.6 9.4 9.0 8.6 8.5 8.1 8.5 8.4 Retirement and savings ...................... – – 4.5 3.8 3.9 3.7 3.9 3.8 4.2 4.1 5.5 5.3 5.0 5.2 5.3 5.2 Legally required benefits .................... – – 9.2 9.6 9.5 9.5 9.3 9.4 9.2 9.3 9.1 9.2 8.8 8.7 8.4 8.0 Other benefits 4................................... – – .1 .1 5( ) .1 .1 .2 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .2 .1 .1 1This series began in 1988.2Includes transportation, communication, and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and service industries.

3Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.4Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits. 5Less than .05 percent.

– Data not available.

Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 149 - Table 16. Private industry, union workers, for blue-collar workers and by major industry group: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1986-2001 -- Continued Manufacturing industries Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... $16.64 $16.99 $17.91 $18.54 $19.07 $20.26 $21.62 $22.84 $23.68 $21.40 $21.22 $21.87 $22.75 $23.21 $25.72 $26.69 Wages and salaries ................................ 10.80 11.09 11.46 11.79 12.03 12.66 13.20 13.66 14.10 13.00 13.08 13.54 14.20 14.60 15.93 17.11 Total benefits .......................................... 5.84 5.91 6.45 6.75 7.04 7.60 8.42 9.18 9.58 8.41 8.14 8.33 8.55 8.61 9.79 9.58 Paid leave ........................................... 1.34 1.35 1.38 1.42 1.49 1.59 1.68 1.77 1.80 1.63 1.62 1.64 1.74 1.78 1.95 2.10 Supplemental pay ............................... .79 .81 .91 1.01 1.03 1.06 1.11 1.14 1.10 1.11 1.24 1.26 1.33 1.29 1.69 1.61 Insurance ............................................ 1.39 1.41 1.67 1.85 1.83 2.09 2.41 2.70 2.88 2.36 2.22 2.20 2.22 2.30 2.57 2.50 Retirement and savings ...................... .73 .67 .66 .63 .77 .85 1.01 1.08 1.33 1.09 .92 1.00 1.00 .96 1.14 .97 Legally required benefits .................... 1.48 1.56 1.71 1.72 1.82 1.93 2.04 2.13 2.25 2.05 2.01 2.08 2.10 2.12 2.23 2.25 Other benefits 1................................... .10 .10 .11 .12 .10 .09 .16 .35 .22 .18 .14 .16 .16 .17 .22 .15 Percent of total compensation by year 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ 64.9 65.2 64.0 63.6 63.1 62.5 61.0 59.8 59.5 60.7 61.6 61.9 62.4 62.9 61.9 64.1 Total benefits .......................................... 35.1 34.8 36.0 36.4 36.9 37.5 39.0 40.2 40.5 39.3 38.4 38.1 37.6 37.1 38.1 35.9 Paid leave ........................................... 8.1 8.0 7.7 7.7 7.8 7.8 7.8 7.8 7.6 7.6 7.6 7.5 7.6 7.7 7.6 7.9 Supplemental pay ............................... 4.8 4.8 5.1 5.4 5.4 5.2 5.1 5.0 4.6 5.2 5.8 5.8 5.8 5.6 6.6 6.0 Insurance ............................................ 8.4 8.3 9.3 10.0 9.6 10.3 11.2 11.8 12.2 11.0 10.4 10.0 9.8 9.9 10.0 9.4 Retirement and savings ...................... 4.4 3.9 3.7 3.4 4.1 4.2 4.7 4.7 5.6 5.1 4.3 4.6 4.4 4.1 4.4 3.6 Legally required benefits .................... 8.9 9.2 9.6 9.3 9.6 9.5 9.5 9.3 9.5 9.6 9.5 9.5 9.2 9.1 8.7 8.4 Other benefits 1................................... .6 .6 .6 .6 .5 .4 .8 1.5 .9 .8 .7 .7 .7 .7 .9 .6 1Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits. Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 150 - Table 16. Private industry, union workers, for blue-collar workers and by major industry group: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1986-2001 -- Continued Blue-collar occupations in manufacturing industries Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... $16.56 $16.94 $17.87 $18.52 $19.05 $20.29 $21.67 $22.94 $23.77 $21.28 $21.12 $21.63 $22.62 $23.06 $25.51 $26.45 Wages and salaries ................................ 10.75 11.04 11.42 11.77 11.97 12.62 13.17 13.64 14.05 12.75 12.93 13.31 13.98 14.38 15.67 16.90 Total benefits .......................................... 5.82 5.89 6.45 6.75 7.07 7.67 8.50 9.30 9.72 8.53 8.18 8.33 8.64 8.68 9.84 9.55 Paid leave ........................................... 1.33 1.34 1.36 1.41 1.47 1.58 1.67 1.77 1.80 1.58 1.57 1.59 1.69 1.72 1.90 2.06 Supplemental pay ............................... .81 .83 .93 1.02 1.04 1.08 1.14 1.18 1.13 1.17 1.28 1.29 1.40 1.36 1.75 1.63 Insurance ............................................ 1.39 1.41 1.67 1.85 1.85 2.12 2.44 2.74 2.93 2.40 2.23 2.20 2.22 2.30 2.58 2.48 Retirement and savings ...................... .70 .65 .64 .63 .77 .85 1.01 1.08 1.35 1.11 .94 1.01 1.04 1.00 1.16 .97 Legally required benefits .................... 1.49 1.57 1.72 1.73 1.84 1.95 2.07 2.16 2.28 2.08 2.03 2.07 2.12 2.13 2.23 2.26 Other benefits 1................................... .10 .10 .11 .12 .10 .09 .17 .37 .23 .19 .14 .16 .17 .17 .22 .15 Percent of total compensation by year 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ 64.9 65.2 63.9 63.5 62.9 62.2 60.8 59.5 59.1 59.9 61.2 61.5 61.8 62.4 61.4 63.9 Total benefits .......................................... 35.1 34.8 36.1 36.5 37.1 37.8 39.2 40.5 40.9 40.1 38.8 38.5 38.2 37.6 38.6 36.1 Paid leave ........................................... 8.0 7.9 7.6 7.6 7.7 7.8 7.7 7.7 7.6 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.5 7.5 7.4 7.8 Supplemental pay ............................... 4.9 4.9 5.2 5.5 5.4 5.3 5.3 5.1 4.8 5.5 6.1 5.9 6.2 5.9 6.9 6.2 Insurance ............................................ 8.4 8.3 9.4 10.0 9.7 10.4 11.2 11.9 12.3 11.3 10.5 10.2 9.8 10.0 10.1 9.4 Retirement and savings ...................... 4.3 3.8 3.6 3.4 4.0 4.2 4.6 4.7 5.7 5.2 4.4 4.7 4.6 4.3 4.5 3.7 Legally required benefits .................... 9.0 9.3 9.6 9.3 9.7 9.6 9.6 9.4 9.6 9.8 9.6 9.6 9.4 9.2 8.7 8.5 Other benefits 1................................... .6 .6 .6 .6 .5 .4 .8 1.6 1.0 .9 .7 .8 .8 .7 .9 .6 1Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits. Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 151 - Table 16. Private industry, union workers, for blue-collar workers and by major industry group: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1986 1-2001 -- Continued Nonmanufacturing industries 2 Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... – – $18.34 $18.02 $18.62 $19.51 $20.80 $21.32 $23.01 $22.98 $24.48 $24.48 $24.10 $25.61 $25.96 $28.31 Wages and salaries ................................ – – 12.44 12.33 12.71 13.20 13.87 14.15 15.15 15.23 15.97 16.13 16.09 17.12 17.34 18.93 Total benefits .......................................... – – 5.90 5.70 5.92 6.30 6.93 7.17 7.86 7.75 8.51 8.35 8.01 8.49 8.62 9.39 Paid leave ........................................... – – 1.33 1.26 1.28 1.35 1.49 1.47 1.57 1.51 1.63 1.51 1.47 1.59 1.65 1.83 Supplemental pay ............................... – – .44 .46 .47 .49 .52 .51 .54 .52 .62 .69 .71 .74 .73 .89 Insurance ............................................ – – 1.30 1.29 1.42 1.62 1.87 2.00 2.21 2.17 2.25 2.19 2.10 2.16 2.28 2.47 Retirement and savings ...................... – – 1.01 .85 .88 .88 .98 1.01 1.18 1.18 1.55 1.53 1.46 1.61 1.66 1.78 Legally required benefits .................... – – 1.79 1.82 1.84 1.93 2.06 2.15 2.33 2.35 2.43 2.40 2.23 2.34 2.26 2.38 Other benefits 3................................... – – .03 .03 .02 .02 .02 .03 .04 .02 .03 .03 .03 .04 .03 .03 Percent of total compensation by year 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... – – 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ – – 67.8 68.4 68.2 67.7 66.7 66.4 65.8 66.3 65.2 65.9 66.8 66.8 66.8 66.9 Total benefits .......................................... – – 32.2 31.6 31.8 32.3 33.3 33.6 34.2 33.7 34.8 34.1 33.2 33.2 33.2 33.2 Paid leave ........................................... – – 7.2 7.0 6.9 6.9 7.1 6.9 6.8 6.6 6.7 6.2 6.1 6.2 6.4 6.5 Supplemental pay ............................... – – 2.4 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.5 2.8 2.9 2.9 2.8 3.1 Insurance ............................................ – – 7.1 7.1 7.6 8.3 9.0 9.4 9.6 9.5 9.2 8.9 8.7 8.4 8.8 8.7 Retirement and savings ...................... – – 5.5 4.7 4.7 4.5 4.7 4.7 5.1 5.1 6.3 6.3 6.1 6.3 6.4 6.3 Legally required benefits .................... – – 9.8 10.1 9.9 9.9 9.9 10.1 10.1 10.2 9.9 9.8 9.3 9.1 8.7 8.4 Other benefits 3................................... – – .2 .1 .1 .1 .1 .2 .2 .1 .1 .1 .1 .2 .1 .1 1This series began in 1988.2Includes all industries except manufacturing.3Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.– Data not available.

Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 152 - Table 17. Private industry, nonunion workers, for blue-collar workers and by major industry group: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1986-2001 Blue-collar occupations Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... $10.32 $10.60 $11.13 $11.70 $12.12 $12.40 $13.01 $13.35 $13.74 $14.14 $14.47 $14.75 $15.13 $15.39 $16.08 $16.93 Wages and salaries ................................ 7.60 7.80 8.16 8.51 8.75 8.93 9.30 9.49 9.76 10.01 10.33 10.60 10.96 11.20 11.67 12.21 Total benefits .......................................... 2.71 2.81 2.97 3.19 3.37 3.48 3.71 3.85 3.98 4.13 4.14 4.14 4.17 4.18 4.42 4.72 Paid leave ........................................... .53 .55 .58 .62 .63 .65 .67 .68 .68 .72 .74 .73 .75 .76 .79 .87 Supplemental pay ............................... .34 .34 .35 .37 .39 .38 .40 .40 .43 .48 .48 .51 .54 .54 .60 .64 Insurance ............................................ .54 .54 .58 .66 .70 .76 .86 .90 .92 .94 .95 .91 .91 .92 1.01 1.12 Retirement and savings ...................... .22 .24 .23 .23 .24 .23 .24 .26 .28 .31 .31 .32 .31 .32 .35 .37 Legally required benefits .................... 1.08 1.12 1.24 1.30 1.41 1.45 1.53 1.61 1.65 1.66 1.64 1.66 1.64 1.63 1.66 1.72 Other benefits 2................................... 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1( ) .02 .02 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() Percent of total compensation by year 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ 73.7 73.5 73.3 72.7 72.2 72.0 71.5 71.1 71.0 70.8 71.4 71.9 72.4 72.8 72.6 72.1 Total benefits .......................................... 26.3 26.5 26.7 27.3 27.8 28.0 28.5 28.9 29.0 29.2 28.6 28.1 27.6 27.2 27.5 27.9 Paid leave ........................................... 5.1 5.2 5.2 5.3 5.2 5.2 5.2 5.1 5.0 5.1 5.1 5.0 5.0 4.9 4.9 5.1 Supplemental pay ............................... 3.3 3.2 3.1 3.1 3.2 3.1 3.1 3.0 3.1 3.4 3.3 3.5 3.6 3.5 3.7 3.8 Insurance ............................................ 5.3 5.1 5.2 5.6 5.8 6.2 6.6 6.7 6.7 6.6 6.5 6.2 6.0 6.0 6.3 6.6 Retirement and savings ...................... 2.2 2.3 2.0 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 2.0 2.2 2.1 2.1 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.2 Legally required benefits .................... 10.4 10.5 11.1 11.1 11.7 11.7 11.7 12.0 12.0 11.7 11.3 11.3 10.8 10.6 10.3 10.2 Other benefits 2................................... 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3( ) .1 .1 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 1Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.2Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.3Less than .05 percent.Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 153 - Table 17. Private industry, nonunion workers, for blue-collar workers and by major industry group: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1986-2001 -- Continued Goods-producing industries 1 Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... $14.56 $14.73 $15.23 $16.12 $16.52 $17.30 $18.08 $18.75 $19.20 $19.72 $20.35 $20.91 $21.27 $21.75 $22.15 $23.10 Wages and salaries ................................ 10.53 10.66 11.01 11.56 11.78 12.29 12.79 13.12 13.36 13.75 14.21 14.74 15.14 15.56 15.77 16.38 Total benefits .......................................... 4.03 4.07 4.22 4.57 4.73 5.00 5.29 5.63 5.84 5.96 6.14 6.17 6.13 6.20 6.38 6.72 Paid leave ........................................... 1.04 1.04 1.07 1.14 1.14 1.20 1.26 1.29 1.29 1.34 1.41 1.43 1.43 1.46 1.45 1.55 Supplemental pay ............................... .39 .42 .41 .45 .49 .50 .50 .53 .59 .69 .76 .71 .73 .73 .89 .91 Insurance ............................................ .81 .82 .88 1.04 1.06 1.16 1.30 1.39 1.45 1.36 1.40 1.36 1.35 1.37 1.48 1.60 Retirement and savings ...................... .54 .51 .46 .44 .46 .49 .50 .55 .56 .60 .59 .64 .61 .61 .57 .61 Legally required benefits .................... 1.24 1.27 1.39 1.47 1.58 1.64 1.72 1.81 1.87 1.92 1.93 1.99 1.97 1.98 1.95 2.01 Other benefits 3................................... 2() 2( ) .02 .02 2( ) .02 .02 .06 .08 .05 .05 .04 .04 .04 .04 .04 Percent of total compensation by year 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ 72.3 72.4 72.3 71.7 71.3 71.1 70.7 70.0 69.6 69.8 69.8 70.5 71.2 71.5 71.2 70.9 Total benefits .......................................... 27.7 27.6 27.7 28.3 28.7 28.9 29.3 30.0 30.4 30.2 30.2 29.5 28.8 28.5 28.8 29.1 Paid leave ........................................... 7.1 7.0 7.0 7.1 6.9 7.0 6.9 6.9 6.7 6.8 6.9 6.9 6.7 6.7 6.5 6.7 Supplemental pay ............................... 2.7 2.8 2.7 2.8 3.0 2.9 2.7 2.8 3.1 3.5 3.7 3.4 3.4 3.4 4.0 3.9 Insurance ............................................ 5.6 5.6 5.8 6.4 6.4 6.7 7.2 7.4 7.6 6.9 6.9 6.5 6.3 6.3 6.7 6.9 Retirement and savings ...................... 3.7 3.4 3.0 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.9 2.9 3.0 2.9 3.0 2.9 2.8 2.6 2.6 Legally required benefits .................... 8.5 8.6 9.1 9.1 9.6 9.5 9.5 9.6 9.7 9.8 9.5 9.5 9.3 9.1 8.8 8.7 Other benefits 3................................... 4() 4( ) .1 .1 4( ) .1 .1 .3 .4 .3 .3 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 1Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.2Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.3Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits. 4Less than .05 percent.

Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 154 - Table 17. Private industry, nonunion workers, for blue-collar workers and by major industry group: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1986 1-2001 -- Continued Service-producing industries 2 Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... – – $12.13 $12.65 $13.47 $13.74 $14.38 $14.92 $15.19 $15.32 $15.63 $16.25 $16.89 $17.29 $18.27 $19.18 Wages and salaries ................................ – – 9.15 9.55 10.10 10.32 10.74 11.07 11.25 11.40 11.71 12.23 12.71 13.03 13.77 14.40 Total benefits .......................................... – – 2.98 3.10 3.36 3.42 3.64 3.85 3.94 3.92 3.93 4.02 4.18 4.27 4.50 4.78 Paid leave ........................................... – – .84 .87 .90 .91 .94 .94 .94 .93 .94 .99 1.02 1.05 1.15 1.25 Supplemental pay ............................... – – .22 .21 .25 .23 .27 .32 .34 .36 .36 .39 .45 .44 .45 .46 Insurance ............................................ – – .56 .62 .71 .77 .83 .89 .91 .88 .86 .83 .85 .88 .93 1.02 Retirement and savings ...................... – – .33 .32 .35 .32 .32 .34 .35 .37 .39 .39 .41 .42 .45 .48 Legally required benefits .................... – – 1.02 1.07 1.15 1.19 1.26 1.34 1.38 1.37 1.37 1.41 1.44 1.46 1.50 1.56 Other benefits 4................................... – – 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3( ) .02 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() Percent of total compensation by year 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... – – 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ – – 75.4 75.5 75.0 75.1 74.7 74.2 74.1 74.4 74.9 75.3 75.3 75.4 75.4 75.1 Total benefits .......................................... – – 24.6 24.5 25.0 24.9 25.3 25.8 25.9 25.6 25.1 24.7 24.7 24.7 24.6 24.9 Paid leave ........................................... – – 6.9 6.9 6.7 6.6 6.5 6.3 6.2 6.1 6.0 6.1 6.0 6.1 6.3 6.5 Supplemental pay ............................... – – 1.8 1.6 1.9 1.7 1.9 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.4 2.7 2.5 2.5 2.4 Insurance ............................................ – – 4.6 4.9 5.3 5.6 5.8 6.0 6.0 5.7 5.5 5.1 5.0 5.1 5.1 5.3 Retirement and savings ...................... – – 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.5 2.5 Legally required benefits .................... – – 8.4 8.5 8.5 8.7 8.8 9.0 9.1 9.0 8.8 8.7 8.5 8.4 8.2 8.1 Other benefits 4................................... – – 5() 5() 5() 5() 5() 5() .1 5() 5() 5() 5() 5() 5() 5() 1This series began in 1988.2Includes transportation, communication, and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and service industries.

3Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.4Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits. 5Less than .05 percent.

– Data not available.

Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 155 - Table 17. Private industry, nonunion workers, for blue-collar workers and by major industry group: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1986-2001 -- Continued Manufacturing industries Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... $14.69 $14.83 $15.52 $16.52 $16.72 $17.47 $18.31 $19.07 $19.59 $20.14 $20.91 $21.82 $22.13 $22.62 $22.74 $23.70 Wages and salaries ................................ 10.51 10.63 11.06 11.67 11.80 12.31 12.84 13.23 13.54 13.97 14.49 15.22 15.56 16.01 16.04 16.54 Total benefits .......................................... 4.17 4.20 4.46 4.85 4.92 5.16 5.47 5.84 6.06 6.17 6.42 6.61 6.57 6.61 6.70 7.15 Paid leave ........................................... 1.15 1.15 1.19 1.28 1.25 1.31 1.39 1.43 1.45 1.51 1.59 1.66 1.66 1.71 1.69 1.79 Supplemental pay ............................... .37 .39 .42 .48 .52 .52 .51 .55 .57 .69 .77 .75 .77 .75 .85 .96 Insurance ............................................ .89 .90 .99 1.19 1.20 1.30 1.44 1.55 1.61 1.49 1.55 1.54 1.53 1.55 1.65 1.78 Retirement and savings ...................... .56 .54 .52 .50 .49 .51 .52 .58 .61 .64 .64 .71 .69 .68 .64 .69 Legally required benefits .................... 1.19 1.20 1.30 1.37 1.44 1.50 1.58 1.66 1.73 1.79 1.81 1.89 1.87 1.86 1.83 1.88 Other benefits 2................................... 1() 1( ) .02 .03 .02 .02 .02 .07 .09 .06 .06 .05 .05 .05 .05 .05 Percent of total compensation by year 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ 71.6 71.7 71.3 70.7 70.6 70.4 70.1 69.4 69.1 69.4 69.3 69.7 70.3 70.8 70.5 69.8 Total benefits .......................................... 28.4 28.3 28.7 29.3 29.4 29.6 29.9 30.6 30.9 30.6 30.7 30.3 29.7 29.2 29.5 30.2 Paid leave ........................................... 7.8 7.8 7.7 7.8 7.5 7.5 7.6 7.5 7.4 7.5 7.6 7.6 7.5 7.6 7.4 7.6 Supplemental pay ............................... 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.9 3.1 3.0 2.8 2.9 2.9 3.4 3.7 3.4 3.5 3.3 3.7 4.1 Insurance ............................................ 6.1 6.1 6.4 7.2 7.2 7.4 7.9 8.1 8.2 7.4 7.4 7.0 6.9 6.9 7.3 7.5 Retirement and savings ...................... 3.8 3.7 3.4 3.0 2.9 2.9 2.9 3.1 3.1 3.2 3.1 3.3 3.1 3.0 2.8 2.9 Legally required benefits .................... 8.1 8.1 8.4 8.3 8.6 8.6 8.6 8.7 8.8 8.9 8.6 8.7 8.5 8.2 8.0 7.9 Other benefits 2................................... 3() 3( ) .2 .2 .1 .1 .1 .4 .4 .3 .3 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 1Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.2Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.3Less than .05 percent.Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 156 - Table 17. Private industry, nonunion workers, for blue-collar workers and by major industry group: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1986-2001 -- Continued Blue-collar occupations in manufacturing industries Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... $10.77 $11.01 $11.54 $12.40 $12.63 $13.24 $13.86 $14.36 $14.87 $15.39 $15.85 $16.55 $16.73 $16.99 $17.21 $17.96 Wages and salaries ................................ 7.66 7.84 8.16 8.65 8.77 9.17 9.54 9.84 10.13 10.44 10.73 11.27 11.54 11.82 11.88 12.23 Total benefits .......................................... 3.11 3.17 3.38 3.75 3.86 4.07 4.31 4.51 4.73 4.96 5.11 5.28 5.19 5.16 5.33 5.73 Paid leave ........................................... .67 .69 .71 .76 .76 .80 .85 .87 .89 .97 1.02 1.05 1.04 1.06 1.05 1.15 Supplemental pay ............................... .42 .43 .46 .54 .54 .54 .55 .56 .60 .65 .70 .74 .76 .74 .83 .93 Insurance ............................................ .69 .70 .77 .93 .94 1.03 1.14 1.20 1.25 1.28 1.35 1.33 1.30 1.30 1.42 1.51 Retirement and savings ...................... .29 .29 .29 .30 .30 .33 .34 .37 .41 .43 .43 .46 .43 .43 .43 .49 Legally required benefits .................... 1.04 1.05 1.14 1.21 1.31 1.37 1.43 1.50 1.57 1.60 1.58 1.67 1.62 1.62 1.58 1.64 Other benefits 2................................... 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1( ) .03 .04 .03 .03 .02 .02 .02 Percent of total compensation by year 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ 71.1 71.2 70.7 69.8 69.4 69.2 68.9 68.6 68.2 67.8 67.7 68.1 69.0 69.6 69.0 68.1 Total benefits .......................................... 28.9 28.8 29.3 30.2 30.6 30.8 31.1 31.4 31.8 32.2 32.3 31.9 31.0 30.4 31.0 31.9 Paid leave ........................................... 6.2 6.3 6.2 6.1 6.0 6.1 6.1 6.0 6.0 6.3 6.4 6.3 6.2 6.2 6.1 6.4 Supplemental pay ............................... 3.9 3.9 4.0 4.3 4.3 4.1 3.9 3.9 4.0 4.2 4.4 4.4 4.5 4.4 4.8 5.2 Insurance ............................................ 6.4 6.4 6.7 7.5 7.5 7.8 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.3 8.5 8.1 7.8 7.7 8.3 8.4 Retirement and savings ...................... 2.7 2.6 2.5 2.4 2.4 2.5 2.5 2.6 2.8 2.8 2.7 2.8 2.6 2.5 2.5 2.7 Legally required benefits .................... 9.7 9.6 9.9 9.7 10.4 10.3 10.3 10.5 10.6 10.4 10.0 10.1 9.7 9.5 9.2 9.1 Other benefits 2................................... 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3( ) .2 .2 .2 .2 .1 .1 .1 1Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.2Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.3Less than .05 percent.Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 157 - Table 17. Private industry, nonunion workers, for blue-collar workers and by major industry group: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1986 1-2001 -- Continued Nonmanufacturing industries 2 Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... – – $12.29 $12.80 $13.64 $13.92 $14.55 $15.07 $15.34 $15.48 $15.79 $16.35 $17.00 $17.42 $18.43 $19.35 Wages and salaries ................................ – – 9.28 9.66 10.22 10.44 10.85 11.17 11.33 11.49 11.79 12.29 12.78 13.11 13.86 14.51 Total benefits .......................................... – – 3.02 3.14 3.42 3.49 3.70 3.90 4.00 3.99 4.00 4.07 4.22 4.32 4.57 4.84 Paid leave ........................................... – – .82 .86 .89 .90 .93 .93 .93 .92 .93 .97 1.00 1.03 1.13 1.23 Supplemental pay ............................... – – .23 .22 .26 .24 .28 .33 .36 .38 .38 .41 .46 .45 .49 .49 Insurance ............................................ – – .56 .61 .70 .76 .83 .89 .91 .88 .86 .83 .85 .88 .94 1.02 Retirement and savings ...................... – – .33 .32 .35 .32 .33 .34 .36 .37 .39 .39 .40 .42 .44 .48 Legally required benefits .................... – – 1.07 1.12 1.21 1.25 1.32 1.39 1.43 1.43 1.43 1.46 1.49 1.51 1.55 1.61 Other benefits 4................................... – – 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3( ) .02 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() Percent of total compensation by year 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... – – 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ – – 75.5 75.5 74.9 75.0 74.6 74.1 73.9 74.2 74.7 75.1 75.2 75.3 75.2 75.0 Total benefits .......................................... – – 24.5 24.5 25.1 25.0 25.4 25.9 26.1 25.8 25.3 24.9 24.8 24.8 24.8 25.0 Paid leave ........................................... – – 6.7 6.7 6.6 6.5 6.4 6.2 6.1 6.0 5.9 5.9 5.9 5.9 6.1 6.4 Supplemental pay ............................... – – 1.8 1.7 1.9 1.7 2.0 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.4 2.5 2.7 2.6 2.7 2.5 Insurance ............................................ – – 4.5 4.8 5.1 5.5 5.7 5.9 5.9 5.7 5.4 5.1 5.0 5.1 5.1 5.3 Retirement and savings ...................... – – 2.7 2.5 2.5 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.5 Legally required benefits .................... – – 8.7 8.8 8.9 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.2 9.0 8.9 8.8 8.7 8.4 8.3 Other benefits 4................................... – – 5() 5() 5() 5() 5() 5() .1 5() 5() 5() 5() 5() 5() 5() 1This series began in 1988.2Includes all industries except manufacturing.3Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.4Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits. 5Less than .05 percent.

– Data not available.

Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 158 - Table 18. Private industry workers, by broad occupational group and establishment size: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1990-2001 White-collar occupations in establishments with 1-99 workers Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... $15.52 $15.93 $16.58 $17.46 $17.68 $17.66 $18.09 $18.29 $19.18 $19.58 $20.86 $21.72 Wages and salaries ................................ 11.73 12.08 12.48 13.03 13.17 13.24 13.64 13.88 14.57 14.87 15.83 16.39 Total benefits .......................................... 3.79 3.86 4.11 4.43 4.51 4.42 4.45 4.41 4.61 4.71 5.03 5.33 Paid leave ........................................... 1.03 1.06 1.06 1.13 1.12 1.09 1.10 1.10 1.15 1.18 1.33 1.48 Supplemental pay ............................... .32 .26 .34 .40 .42 .43 .46 .49 .55 .49 .58 .56 Insurance ............................................ .82 .90 .99 1.07 1.09 1.01 .98 .92 .95 1.01 1.05 1.10 Retirement and savings ...................... .40 .38 .36 .39 .40 .42 .42 .42 .44 .48 .48 .53 Legally required benefits .................... 1.22 1.26 1.35 1.43 1.47 1.47 1.48 1.48 1.52 1.54 1.58 1.65 Other benefits 2................................... 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() Percent of total compensation by year 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ 75.6 75.8 75.2 74.6 74.5 75.0 75.4 75.9 76.0 75.9 75.9 75.5 Total benefits .......................................... 24.4 24.2 24.8 25.4 25.5 25.0 24.6 24.1 24.0 24.1 24.1 24.5 Paid leave ........................................... 6.6 6.7 6.4 6.5 6.3 6.2 6.1 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.4 6.8 Supplemental pay ............................... 2.1 1.6 2.1 2.3 2.4 2.4 2.5 2.7 2.9 2.5 2.8 2.6 Insurance ............................................ 5.3 5.6 6.0 6.1 6.2 5.7 5.4 5.0 5.0 5.2 5.0 5.1 Retirement and savings ...................... 2.6 2.4 2.2 2.3 2.2 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.5 2.3 2.4 Legally required benefits .................... 7.8 7.9 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.3 8.2 8.1 7.9 7.9 7.6 7.6 Other benefits 2................................... 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 1Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.2Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits. 3Less than .05 percent.

Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 159 - Table 18. Private industry workers, by broad occupational group and establishment size: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1990-2001 -- Continued White-collar occupations in establishments with 100 or more workers Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... $19.50 $20.14 $20.89 $21.46 $22.49 $23.01 $23.95 $24.89 $25.54 $26.39 $27.56 $29.06 Wages and salaries ................................ 14.15 14.59 15.07 15.36 16.06 16.51 17.15 18.00 18.48 19.13 20.02 21.10 Total benefits .......................................... 5.35 5.56 5.82 6.10 6.43 6.49 6.80 6.89 7.05 7.26 7.54 7.97 Paid leave ........................................... 1.65 1.67 1.73 1.70 1.76 1.77 1.88 1.96 1.99 2.06 2.19 2.30 Supplemental pay ............................... .36 .38 .40 .48 .52 .59 .63 .63 .71 .74 .75 .80 Insurance ............................................ 1.21 1.32 1.43 1.52 1.60 1.54 1.56 1.48 1.52 1.55 1.64 1.77 Retirement and savings ...................... .67 .64 .67 .71 .76 .78 .88 .88 .88 .90 .92 .98 Legally required benefits .................... 1.44 1.51 1.57 1.63 1.72 1.76 1.80 1.89 1.90 1.97 1.99 2.06 Other benefits 1................................... .02 .02 .02 .06 .07 .05 .05 .05 .05 .05 .05 .05 Percent of total compensation by year 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ 72.6 72.4 72.1 71.6 71.4 71.8 71.6 72.3 72.4 72.5 72.6 72.6 Total benefits .......................................... 27.4 27.6 27.9 28.4 28.6 28.2 28.4 27.7 27.6 27.5 27.4 27.4 Paid leave ........................................... 8.5 8.3 8.3 7.9 7.8 7.7 7.8 7.9 7.8 7.8 7.9 7.9 Supplemental pay ............................... 1.9 1.9 1.9 2.2 2.3 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.8 2.8 2.7 2.8 Insurance ............................................ 6.2 6.6 6.8 7.1 7.1 6.7 6.5 5.9 6.0 5.9 6.0 6.1 Retirement and savings ...................... 3.4 3.2 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.4 3.7 3.5 3.4 3.4 3.3 3.4 Legally required benefits .................... 7.4 7.5 7.5 7.6 7.6 7.6 7.5 7.6 7.4 7.5 7.2 7.1 Other benefits 1................................... .1 .1 .1 .3 .3 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 1Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits. Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 160 - Table 18. Private industry workers, by broad occupational group and establishment size: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1990-2001 -- Continued White-collar occupations in establishments with 100-499 workers Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... $16.39 $17.11 $17.58 $17.81 $18.70 $19.55 $19.88 $20.62 $21.22 $21.99 $23.52 $25.13 Wages and salaries ................................ 12.15 12.61 12.97 13.11 13.71 14.30 14.61 15.26 15.61 16.21 17.44 18.57 Total benefits .......................................... 4.24 4.50 4.61 4.70 4.98 5.26 5.27 5.36 5.61 5.78 6.08 6.55 Paid leave ........................................... 1.26 1.28 1.30 1.23 1.27 1.32 1.34 1.41 1.43 1.48 1.65 1.81 Supplemental pay ............................... .26 .28 .29 .33 .40 .56 .53 .48 .65 .65 .64 .66 Insurance ............................................ .97 1.11 1.17 1.16 1.22 1.22 1.23 1.17 1.24 1.24 1.32 1.47 Retirement and savings ...................... .46 .46 .46 .48 .50 .55 .58 .63 .60 .64 .68 .73 Legally required benefits .................... 1.28 1.35 1.39 1.43 1.50 1.58 1.57 1.65 1.67 1.74 1.78 1.85 Other benefits 2................................... 1() 1() 1( ) .08 .09 .03 .02 .03 .02 .03 .03 .03 Percent of total compensation by year 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ 74.1 73.7 73.8 73.6 73.3 73.1 73.5 74.0 73.6 73.7 74.1 73.9 Total benefits .......................................... 25.9 26.3 26.2 26.4 26.7 26.9 26.5 26.0 26.4 26.3 25.9 26.1 Paid leave ........................................... 7.7 7.5 7.4 6.9 6.8 6.8 6.8 6.8 6.7 6.7 7.0 7.2 Supplemental pay ............................... 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.8 2.1 2.8 2.7 2.3 3.1 3.0 2.7 2.6 Insurance ............................................ 5.9 6.5 6.7 6.5 6.5 6.3 6.2 5.7 5.8 5.6 5.6 5.8 Retirement and savings ...................... 2.8 2.7 2.6 2.7 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.0 2.8 2.9 2.9 2.9 Legally required benefits .................... 7.8 7.9 7.9 8.0 8.0 8.1 7.9 8.0 7.9 7.9 7.6 7.4 Other benefits 2................................... 3() 3() 3( ) .4 .5 .2 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 1Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.2Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits. 3Less than .05 percent.

Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 161 - Table 18. Private industry workers, by broad occupational group and establishment size: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1990-2001 -- Continued White-collar occupations in establishments with 500 or more workers Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... $22.22 $22.79 $23.86 $24.64 $25.94 $26.03 $27.60 $28.70 $29.53 $30.56 $31.61 $33.44 Wages and salaries ................................ 15.90 16.31 16.96 17.33 18.20 18.45 19.42 20.44 21.14 21.89 22.61 23.90 Total benefits .......................................... 6.32 6.48 6.90 7.31 7.74 7.58 8.17 8.26 8.39 8.67 9.00 9.54 Paid leave ........................................... 1.99 2.01 2.12 2.11 2.20 2.16 2.35 2.44 2.50 2.61 2.74 2.84 Supplemental pay ............................... .45 .47 .50 .61 .63 .62 .72 .77 .76 .82 .87 .96 Insurance ............................................ 1.42 1.51 1.66 1.83 1.93 1.82 1.86 1.76 1.79 1.84 1.96 2.10 Retirement and savings ...................... .85 .80 .87 .92 1.00 .99 1.16 1.11 1.14 1.14 1.16 1.26 Legally required benefits .................... 1.58 1.65 1.73 1.81 1.92 1.92 2.01 2.11 2.12 2.18 2.20 2.30 Other benefits 1................................... .02 .03 .03 .04 .06 .06 .08 .07 .07 .08 .08 .07 Percent of total compensation by year 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ 71.6 71.6 71.1 70.3 70.2 70.9 70.4 71.2 71.6 71.6 71.5 71.5 Total benefits .......................................... 28.4 28.4 28.9 29.7 29.8 29.1 29.6 28.8 28.4 28.4 28.5 28.5 Paid leave ........................................... 9.0 8.8 8.9 8.5 8.5 8.3 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.7 8.5 Supplemental pay ............................... 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.5 2.4 2.4 2.6 2.7 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 Insurance ............................................ 6.4 6.6 7.0 7.4 7.5 7.0 6.7 6.1 6.1 6.0 6.2 6.3 Retirement and savings ...................... 3.8 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.8 4.2 3.9 3.9 3.7 3.7 3.8 Legally required benefits .................... 7.1 7.3 7.2 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.3 7.3 7.2 7.1 7.0 6.9 Other benefits 1................................... .1 .1 .1 .2 .2 .2 .3 .2 .2 .3 .3 .2 1Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits. Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 162 - Table 18. Private industry workers, by broad occupational group and establishment size: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1990-2001 -- Continued Blue-collar occupations in establishments with 1-99 workers Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... $12.97 $13.30 $13.79 $14.17 $14.79 $14.96 $15.28 $15.81 $16.10 $16.51 $17.19 $17.67 Wages and salaries ................................ 9.33 9.51 9.80 10.02 10.37 10.59 10.90 11.36 11.68 12.01 12.51 12.81 Total benefits .......................................... 3.64 3.79 3.99 4.16 4.42 4.37 4.38 4.45 4.42 4.49 4.68 4.86 Paid leave ........................................... .59 .62 .63 .63 .65 .64 .65 .65 .67 .68 .74 .80 Supplemental pay ............................... .37 .37 .37 .36 .40 .42 .40 .45 .49 .49 .55 .58 Insurance ............................................ .73 .80 .91 .97 1.04 .96 .95 .99 .96 1.00 1.06 1.12 Retirement and savings ...................... .37 .37 .35 .36 .41 .40 .42 .45 .43 .47 .50 .49 Legally required benefits .................... 1.57 1.63 1.71 1.83 1.91 1.93 1.94 1.91 1.86 1.84 1.83 1.87 Other benefits 2................................... 1() 1() 1() 1( ) .02 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() Percent of total compensation by year 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ 71.9 71.5 71.1 70.7 70.1 70.8 71.3 71.9 72.5 72.7 72.8 72.5 Total benefits .......................................... 28.1 28.5 28.9 29.3 29.9 29.2 28.7 28.1 27.5 27.2 27.2 27.5 Paid leave ........................................... 4.6 4.7 4.6 4.5 4.4 4.3 4.3 4.1 4.2 4.1 4.3 4.5 Supplemental pay ............................... 2.8 2.8 2.7 2.5 2.7 2.8 2.6 2.8 3.0 3.0 3.2 3.3 Insurance ............................................ 5.6 6.0 6.6 6.9 7.0 6.4 6.2 6.2 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 Retirement and savings ...................... 2.9 2.7 2.6 2.5 2.7 2.7 2.8 2.8 2.7 2.8 2.9 2.8 Legally required benefits .................... 12.1 12.2 12.4 12.9 12.9 12.9 12.7 12.1 11.6 11.1 10.6 10.6 Other benefits 2................................... 3() 3() 3() 3() .1 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 1Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.2Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits. 3Less than .05 percent.

Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 163 - Table 18. Private industry workers, by broad occupational group and establishment size: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1990-2001 -- Continued Blue-collar occupations in establishments with 100 or more workers Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... $16.15 $16.88 $17.70 $18.41 $18.94 $18.19 $18.58 $18.47 $18.99 $19.48 $20.39 $21.24 Wages and salaries ................................ 10.75 11.17 11.56 11.87 12.19 11.87 12.22 12.19 12.62 13.01 13.52 14.23 Total benefits .......................................... 5.40 5.71 6.14 6.53 6.75 6.32 6.36 6.27 6.37 6.47 6.87 7.00 Paid leave ........................................... 1.13 1.17 1.22 1.27 1.28 1.19 1.21 1.20 1.24 1.28 1.31 1.40 Supplemental pay ............................... .68 .69 .72 .74 .75 .76 .83 .84 .89 .88 1.00 .97 Insurance ............................................ 1.32 1.48 1.62 1.76 1.84 1.66 1.66 1.57 1.57 1.61 1.74 1.83 Retirement and savings ...................... .57 .61 .68 .73 .84 .77 .79 .78 .80 .81 .89 .84 Legally required benefits .................... 1.66 1.72 1.83 1.91 1.96 1.87 1.81 1.81 1.80 1.83 1.87 1.91 Other benefits 1................................... .04 .04 .06 .12 .08 .07 .06 .06 .06 .06 .07 .05 Percent of total compensation by year 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ 66.5 66.2 65.3 64.5 64.4 65.3 65.8 66.0 66.5 66.8 66.3 67.0 Total benefits .......................................... 33.5 33.8 34.7 35.5 35.6 34.7 34.2 34.0 33.5 33.2 33.7 33.0 Paid leave ........................................... 7.0 6.9 6.9 6.9 6.7 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.6 6.4 6.6 Supplemental pay ............................... 4.2 4.1 4.1 4.0 4.0 4.2 4.4 4.6 4.7 4.5 4.9 4.6 Insurance ............................................ 8.2 8.7 9.2 9.6 9.7 9.1 8.9 8.5 8.3 8.3 8.5 8.6 Retirement and savings ...................... 3.5 3.6 3.8 4.0 4.4 4.2 4.3 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.4 4.0 Legally required benefits .................... 10.3 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.4 10.3 9.7 9.8 9.5 9.4 9.2 9.0 Other benefits 1................................... .3 .2 .4 .7 .4 .4 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .2 1Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits. Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 164 - Table 18. Private industry workers, by broad occupational group and establishment size: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1990-2001 -- Continued Blue-collar occupations in establishments with 100-499 workers Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... $13.62 $14.08 $14.94 $15.38 $15.82 $15.91 $16.37 $16.27 $16.83 $17.34 $17.94 $18.99 Wages and salaries ................................ 9.41 9.68 10.20 10.42 10.72 10.71 11.06 11.14 11.58 12.02 12.35 13.07 Total benefits .......................................... 4.21 4.40 4.74 4.96 5.10 5.20 5.31 5.12 5.25 5.32 5.59 5.93 Paid leave ........................................... .81 .82 .86 .89 .90 .91 .94 .94 .96 .99 1.04 1.11 Supplemental pay ............................... .49 .49 .53 .53 .55 .62 .65 .61 .67 .68 .75 .79 Insurance ............................................ 1.00 1.10 1.21 1.27 1.31 1.36 1.40 1.29 1.29 1.29 1.40 1.59 Retirement and savings ...................... .41 .45 .49 .53 .56 .57 .59 .58 .60 .60 .63 .63 Legally required benefits .................... 1.50 1.53 1.64 1.73 1.76 1.73 1.71 1.70 1.71 1.75 1.76 1.79 Other benefits 2................................... 1() 1() 1() 1() 1( ) .02 .02 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() Percent of total compensation by year 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ 69.1 68.8 68.3 67.7 67.8 67.3 67.6 68.5 68.8 69.3 68.8 68.8 Total benefits .......................................... 30.9 31.2 31.7 32.3 32.2 32.7 32.4 31.5 31.2 30.7 31.2 31.2 Paid leave ........................................... 5.9 5.8 5.8 5.8 5.7 5.7 5.7 5.8 5.7 5.7 5.8 5.8 Supplemental pay ............................... 3.6 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.9 4.0 3.7 4.0 3.9 4.2 4.2 Insurance ............................................ 7.3 7.8 8.1 8.3 8.3 8.5 8.6 7.9 7.7 7.4 7.8 8.4 Retirement and savings ...................... 3.0 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.5 3.5 3.3 Legally required benefits .................... 11.0 10.9 11.0 11.2 11.1 10.9 10.4 10.4 10.2 10.1 9.8 9.4 Other benefits 2................................... 3() 3() 3() 3() 3( ) .1 .1 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 1Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.2Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits. 3Less than .05 percent.

Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 165 - Table 18. Private industry workers, by broad occupational group and establishment size: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1990-2001 -- Continued Blue-collar occupations in establishments with 500 or more workers Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... $19.20 $20.25 $21.04 $21.98 $22.86 $21.21 $21.59 $21.46 $21.89 $22.40 $23.57 $24.39 Wages and salaries ................................ 12.36 12.96 13.21 13.59 14.03 13.40 13.80 13.63 14.01 14.36 15.03 15.87 Total benefits .......................................... 6.83 7.28 7.84 8.39 8.83 7.80 7.80 7.84 7.88 8.05 8.54 8.52 Paid leave ........................................... 1.52 1.60 1.65 1.71 1.75 1.57 1.58 1.56 1.61 1.66 1.66 1.81 Supplemental pay ............................... .92 .93 .96 .99 1.00 .94 1.06 1.16 1.18 1.15 1.32 1.22 Insurance ............................................ 1.70 1.93 2.13 2.34 2.51 2.06 2.02 1.96 1.96 2.05 2.19 2.18 Retirement and savings ...................... .76 .79 .92 .98 1.18 1.03 1.07 1.06 1.07 1.10 1.22 1.14 Legally required benefits .................... 1.85 1.96 2.06 2.12 2.21 2.06 1.95 1.96 1.93 1.95 2.01 2.07 Other benefits 1................................... .09 .08 .13 .26 .18 .14 .11 .13 .13 .13 .14 .11 Percent of total compensation by year 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ 64.4 64.0 62.8 61.8 61.4 63.2 63.9 63.5 64.0 64.1 63.8 65.1 Total benefits .......................................... 35.6 36.0 37.2 38.2 38.6 36.8 36.1 36.5 36.0 35.9 36.2 34.9 Paid leave ........................................... 7.9 7.9 7.8 7.8 7.7 7.4 7.3 7.3 7.4 7.4 7.0 7.4 Supplemental pay ............................... 4.8 4.6 4.6 4.5 4.4 4.4 4.9 5.4 5.4 5.1 5.6 5.0 Insurance ............................................ 8.9 9.5 10.1 10.7 11.0 9.7 9.3 9.1 9.0 9.2 9.3 8.9 Retirement and savings ...................... 4.0 3.9 4.4 4.4 5.2 4.9 5.0 4.9 4.9 4.9 5.2 4.7 Legally required benefits .................... 9.6 9.7 9.8 9.6 9.7 9.7 9.0 9.1 8.8 8.7 8.5 8.5 Other benefits 1................................... .4 .4 .6 1.2 .8 .7 .5 .6 .6 .6 .6 .5 1Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits. Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 166 - Table 19. Private industry workers, by broad industry group and establishment size: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1990-2001 Establishments with 1-99 workers in goods-producing 1 industries Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... $15.13 $15.66 $16.50 $17.18 $18.17 $17.94 $18.56 $18.48 $18.54 $18.98 $19.96 $20.78 Wages and salaries ................................ 10.92 11.23 11.76 12.12 12.60 12.56 13.02 13.16 13.40 13.79 14.38 14.89 Total benefits .......................................... 4.21 4.44 4.74 5.07 5.57 5.38 5.54 5.32 5.13 5.19 5.58 5.89 Paid leave ........................................... .70 .74 .76 .79 .83 .82 .88 .81 .80 .81 .89 .94 Supplemental pay ............................... .44 .47 .45 .47 .57 .56 .60 .50 .54 .52 .75 .85 Insurance ............................................ .82 .88 1.07 1.17 1.31 1.15 1.16 1.16 1.10 1.14 1.27 1.35 Retirement and savings ...................... .46 .48 .48 .51 .59 .60 .63 .64 .58 .62 .60 .62 Legally required benefits .................... 1.77 1.85 1.96 2.12 2.24 2.24 2.27 2.18 2.10 2.10 2.06 2.13 Other benefits 3................................... 2() 2() 2() 2( ) .03 .02 2() 2() 2() 2() 2() 2() Percent of total compensation by year 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ 72.2 71.7 71.3 70.5 69.3 70.0 70.1 71.2 72.3 72.7 72.0 71.7 Total benefits .......................................... 27.8 28.3 28.7 29.5 30.7 30.0 29.9 28.8 27.7 27.3 28.0 28.3 Paid leave ........................................... 4.6 4.8 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.5 4.7 4.4 4.3 4.3 4.5 4.5 Supplemental pay ............................... 2.9 3.0 2.8 2.7 3.2 3.1 3.2 2.7 2.9 2.7 3.8 4.1 Insurance ............................................ 5.4 5.6 6.5 6.8 7.2 6.4 6.2 6.3 5.9 6.0 6.4 6.5 Retirement and savings ...................... 3.1 3.1 2.9 3.0 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.1 3.3 3.0 3.0 Legally required benefits .................... 11.7 11.8 11.9 12.3 12.3 12.5 12.2 11.8 11.3 11.1 10.3 10.3 Other benefits 3................................... 4() 4() 4() 4( ) .2 .1 4() 4() 4() 4() 4() 4() 1Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.2Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.3Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits. 4Less than .05 percent.

Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 167 - Table 19. Private industry workers, by broad industry group and establishment size: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1990-2001 -- Continued Establishments with 100 or more workers in goods-producing 1industries Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... $18.93 $20.01 $20.86 $21.71 $22.26 $22.26 $22.73 $23.91 $24.70 $25.50 $26.15 $26.96 Wages and salaries ................................ 12.83 13.50 13.89 14.25 14.54 14.72 15.11 15.98 16.62 17.24 17.60 18.25 Total benefits .......................................... 6.09 6.51 6.97 7.46 7.72 7.54 7.62 7.93 8.08 8.26 8.54 8.71 Paid leave ........................................... 1.47 1.56 1.63 1.67 1.68 1.67 1.72 1.84 1.90 1.97 1.97 2.07 Supplemental pay ............................... .71 .72 .74 .78 .77 .89 .99 1.02 1.05 1.07 1.22 1.22 Insurance ............................................ 1.51 1.69 1.86 2.03 2.14 1.94 1.94 1.92 1.96 2.02 2.13 2.20 Retirement and savings ...................... .70 .75 .82 .90 .98 .94 .89 .98 .99 .99 1.00 .98 Legally required benefits .................... 1.67 1.75 1.85 1.92 2.00 1.99 1.98 2.07 2.09 2.12 2.11 2.15 Other benefits 2................................... .05 .05 .07 .17 .15 .10 .10 .10 .10 .10 .11 .08 Percent of total compensation by year 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ 67.8 67.5 66.6 65.6 65.3 66.1 66.5 66.8 67.3 67.6 67.3 67.7 Total benefits .......................................... 32.2 32.5 33.4 34.4 34.7 33.9 33.5 33.2 32.7 32.4 32.7 32.3 Paid leave ........................................... 7.8 7.8 7.8 7.7 7.5 7.5 7.6 7.7 7.7 7.7 7.5 7.7 Supplemental pay ............................... 3.7 3.6 3.5 3.6 3.5 4.0 4.4 4.3 4.3 4.2 4.7 4.5 Insurance ............................................ 8.0 8.5 8.9 9.3 9.6 8.7 8.6 8.0 7.9 7.9 8.1 8.2 Retirement and savings ...................... 3.7 3.8 3.9 4.1 4.4 4.2 3.9 4.1 4.0 3.9 3.8 3.6 Legally required benefits .................... 8.8 8.7 8.9 8.8 9.0 9.0 8.7 8.7 8.5 8.3 8.1 8.0 Other benefits 2................................... .3 .2 .4 .8 .7 .5 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .3 1Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.2Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 168 - Table 19. Private industry workers, by broad industry group and establishment size: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1990-2001 -- Continued Establishments with 100-499 workers in goods-producing 1 industries Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... $15.66 $16.27 $16.99 $17.66 $18.35 $19.06 $19.49 $19.91 $20.61 $21.58 $22.08 $23.34 Wages and salaries ................................ 10.94 11.34 11.72 12.06 12.50 12.79 13.13 13.56 14.10 14.80 15.15 15.94 Total benefits .......................................... 4.72 4.94 5.27 5.60 5.85 6.27 6.36 6.36 6.52 6.79 6.93 7.40 Paid leave ........................................... 1.02 1.05 1.09 1.11 1.15 1.23 1.26 1.28 1.32 1.39 1.43 1.57 Supplemental pay ............................... .50 .50 .55 .56 .57 .81 .81 .79 .88 .94 1.00 1.10 Insurance ............................................ 1.17 1.29 1.40 1.48 1.57 1.61 1.69 1.59 1.62 1.65 1.75 1.96 Retirement and savings ...................... .48 .49 .54 .60 .63 .69 .68 .76 .74 .79 .81 .77 Legally required benefits .................... 1.55 1.59 1.69 1.76 1.82 1.89 1.88 1.92 1.94 1.99 1.93 1.97 Other benefits 3................................... 2() 2() 2( ) .09 .11 .03 .03 .02 .02 .02 .02 .02 Percent of total compensation by year 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ 69.9 69.7 69.0 68.3 68.1 67.1 67.4 68.1 68.4 68.6 68.6 68.3 Total benefits .......................................... 30.1 30.3 31.0 31.7 31.9 32.9 32.6 31.9 31.6 31.5 31.4 31.7 Paid leave ........................................... 6.5 6.4 6.4 6.3 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.5 6.4 6.4 6.5 6.7 Supplemental pay ............................... 3.2 3.1 3.2 3.2 3.1 4.3 4.2 3.9 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.7 Insurance ............................................ 7.4 8.0 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.5 8.7 8.0 7.9 7.6 7.9 8.4 Retirement and savings ...................... 3.1 3.0 3.2 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.5 3.8 3.6 3.7 3.7 3.3 Legally required benefits .................... 9.9 9.8 9.9 10.0 9.9 9.9 9.7 9.6 9.4 9.2 8.7 8.4 Other benefits 3................................... 4() 4() 4( ) .5 .6 .2 .2 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 1Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.2Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.3Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits. 4Less than .05 percent.

Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 169 - Table 19. Private industry workers, by broad industry group and establishment size: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1990-2001 -- Continued Establishments with 500 or more workers in goods-producing 1 industries Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... $22.03 $23.41 $24.40 $25.46 $26.11 $25.37 $26.11 $27.81 $28.63 $29.39 $30.28 $30.79 Wages and salaries ................................ 14.63 15.46 15.88 16.27 16.55 16.60 17.18 18.34 19.05 19.66 20.09 20.69 Total benefits .......................................... 7.40 7.95 8.52 9.18 9.56 8.77 8.94 9.47 9.58 9.73 10.19 10.09 Paid leave ........................................... 1.90 2.02 2.12 2.18 2.19 2.10 2.21 2.38 2.46 2.55 2.52 2.60 Supplemental pay ............................... .90 .91 .91 .98 .97 .97 1.17 1.25 1.21 1.19 1.43 1.35 Insurance ............................................ 1.83 2.05 2.29 2.53 2.70 2.26 2.21 2.25 2.29 2.38 2.53 2.46 Retirement and savings ...................... .90 .99 1.07 1.18 1.32 1.18 1.11 1.19 1.22 1.19 1.21 1.21 Legally required benefits .................... 1.78 1.89 1.99 2.07 2.18 2.09 2.07 2.23 2.23 2.24 2.30 2.33 Other benefits 2................................... .09 .08 .13 .25 .19 .17 .17 .18 .18 .18 .20 .15 Percent of total compensation by year 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ 66.4 66.0 65.1 63.9 63.4 65.4 65.8 66.0 66.5 66.9 66.3 67.2 Total benefits .......................................... 33.6 34.0 34.9 36.1 36.6 34.6 34.2 34.0 33.5 33.1 33.7 32.8 Paid leave ........................................... 8.6 8.6 8.7 8.6 8.4 8.3 8.5 8.6 8.6 8.7 8.3 8.4 Supplemental pay ............................... 4.1 3.9 3.7 3.8 3.7 3.8 4.5 4.5 4.2 4.0 4.7 4.4 Insurance ............................................ 8.3 8.8 9.4 9.9 10.3 8.9 8.5 8.1 8.0 8.1 8.4 8.0 Retirement and savings ...................... 4.1 4.2 4.4 4.6 5.1 4.6 4.2 4.3 4.3 4.0 4.0 3.9 Legally required benefits .................... 8.1 8.1 8.2 8.1 8.4 8.2 7.9 8.0 7.8 7.6 7.6 7.6 Other benefits 2................................... .4 .4 .5 1.0 .7 .7 .6 .6 .6 .6 .7 .5 1Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.2Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 170 - Table 19. Private industry workers, by broad industry group and establishment size: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1990-2001 -- Continued Establishments with 1-99 workers in service-producing 1 industries Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... $12.56 $12.85 $13.35 $13.98 $13.80 $13.83 $14.08 $14.68 $15.32 $15.65 $16.52 $17.23 Wages and salaries ................................ 9.48 9.71 10.03 10.45 10.31 10.42 10.69 11.18 11.69 11.95 12.62 13.10 Total benefits .......................................... 3.09 3.14 3.32 3.53 3.49 3.41 3.39 3.49 3.63 3.71 3.90 4.14 Paid leave ........................................... .75 .77 .78 .81 .77 .76 .75 .78 .81 .84 .93 1.04 Supplemental pay ............................... .26 .21 .27 .30 .29 .31 .31 .37 .41 .38 .40 .39 Insurance ............................................ .65 .71 .77 .82 .81 .75 .73 .71 .73 .77 .80 .86 Retirement and savings ...................... .30 .28 .27 .27 .27 .27 .28 .29 .30 .34 .35 .38 Legally required benefits .................... 1.12 1.16 1.23 1.32 1.33 1.32 1.32 1.34 1.37 1.38 1.41 1.47 Other benefits 3................................... 2() 2() 2() 2() 2() 2() 2() 2() 2() 2() 2() 2() Percent of total compensation by year 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ 75.4 75.6 75.2 74.7 74.7 75.3 75.9 76.2 76.3 76.4 76.4 76.0 Total benefits .......................................... 24.6 24.4 24.8 25.3 25.3 24.7 24.1 23.8 23.7 23.7 23.6 24.0 Paid leave ........................................... 6.0 6.0 5.8 5.8 5.6 5.5 5.3 5.3 5.3 5.4 5.6 6.0 Supplemental pay ............................... 2.1 1.6 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.5 2.7 2.4 2.4 2.3 Insurance ............................................ 5.2 5.5 5.7 5.9 5.9 5.4 5.2 4.8 4.8 4.9 4.8 5.0 Retirement and savings ...................... 2.4 2.2 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.2 2.1 2.2 Legally required benefits .................... 8.9 9.0 9.2 9.5 9.7 9.5 9.4 9.2 8.9 8.8 8.5 8.5 Other benefits 3................................... 4() 4() 4() 4() 4() 4() 4() 4() 4() 4() 4() 4() 1Includes transportation, communication, and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and service industries.

2Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.3Includes severance pay and supplemental unemploymentbenefits. 4Less than .05 percent.

Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 171 - Table 19. Private industry workers, by broad industry group and establishment size: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1990-2001 -- Continued Establishments with 100 or more workers in service-producing 1 industries Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... $15.68 $16.00 $16.71 $17.07 $18.13 $18.14 $18.88 $19.18 $19.72 $20.42 $21.48 $23.07 Wages and salaries ................................ 11.38 11.59 12.06 12.26 12.99 13.06 13.56 13.93 14.33 14.85 15.62 16.78 Total benefits .......................................... 4.30 4.41 4.65 4.81 5.15 5.08 5.32 5.25 5.39 5.57 5.86 6.29 Paid leave ........................................... 1.22 1.21 1.25 1.22 1.30 1.26 1.33 1.35 1.38 1.43 1.55 1.66 Supplemental pay ............................... .30 .31 .33 .39 .43 .44 .46 .47 .54 .57 .56 .60 Insurance ............................................ .96 1.04 1.13 1.20 1.27 1.23 1.25 1.16 1.19 1.21 1.30 1.44 Retirement and savings ...................... .49 .46 .49 .50 .56 .57 .68 .64 .66 .67 .72 .78 Legally required benefits .................... 1.32 1.37 1.42 1.48 1.56 1.55 1.57 1.61 1.61 1.67 1.70 1.78 Other benefits 3................................... 2() 2() 2( ) .02 .03 .02 .02 .02 .02 .03 .03 .03 Percent of total compensation by year 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ 72.6 72.4 72.2 71.8 71.6 72.0 71.8 72.6 72.7 72.7 72.7 72.7 Total benefits .......................................... 27.4 27.6 27.8 28.2 28.4 28.0 28.2 27.4 27.3 27.3 27.3 27.3 Paid leave ........................................... 7.8 7.5 7.5 7.2 7.2 7.0 7.1 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.2 7.2 Supplemental pay ............................... 1.9 2.0 2.0 2.3 2.4 2.4 2.5 2.5 2.7 2.8 2.6 2.6 Insurance ............................................ 6.1 6.5 6.8 7.0 7.0 6.8 6.6 6.0 6.0 5.9 6.1 6.2 Retirement and savings ...................... 3.2 2.9 2.9 2.9 3.1 3.1 3.6 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.4 3.4 Legally required benefits .................... 8.4 8.6 8.5 8.7 8.6 8.6 8.3 8.4 8.2 8.2 7.9 7.7 Other benefits 3................................... 4() 4() 4( ) .1 .2 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 1Includes transportation, communication, and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and service industries.

2Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.3Includes severance pay and supplemental unemploymentbenefits. 4Less than .05 percent.

Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 172 - Table 19. Private industry workers, by broad industry group and establishment size: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1990-2001 -- Continued Establishments with 100-499 workers in service-producing 1 industries Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... $12.91 $13.43 $14.18 $14.17 $14.80 $15.12 $15.38 $15.83 $16.37 $16.91 $18.30 $20.11 Wages and salaries ................................ 9.56 9.86 10.43 10.43 10.88 11.12 11.36 11.80 12.14 12.59 13.65 14.95 Total benefits .......................................... 3.35 3.57 3.75 3.74 3.92 4.01 4.02 4.03 4.24 4.32 4.65 5.16 Paid leave ........................................... .91 .91 .95 .89 .91 .92 .93 .97 .99 1.01 1.16 1.32 Supplemental pay ............................... .22 .24 .25 .28 .33 .38 .37 .34 .45 .45 .45 .47 Insurance ............................................ .73 .84 .92 .89 .92 .94 .92 .88 .92 .92 1.00 1.17 Retirement and savings ...................... .34 .35 .35 .35 .37 .38 .41 .41 .43 .43 .47 .55 Legally required benefits .................... 1.15 1.21 1.27 1.31 1.37 1.38 1.36 1.42 1.43 1.48 1.55 1.63 Other benefits 3................................... 2() 2() 2( ) .02 .02 .02 2( ) .02 2( ) .02 .02 .02 Percent of total compensation by year 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ 74.0 73.4 73.5 73.6 73.5 73.5 73.9 74.5 74.2 74.5 74.6 74.3 Total benefits .......................................... 26.0 26.6 26.5 26.4 26.5 26.5 26.1 25.5 25.9 25.5 25.4 25.7 Paid leave ........................................... 7.0 6.8 6.7 6.3 6.2 6.1 6.0 6.1 6.0 6.0 6.3 6.6 Supplemental pay ............................... 1.7 1.8 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.5 2.4 2.1 2.7 2.7 2.5 2.3 Insurance ............................................ 5.7 6.3 6.5 6.3 6.2 6.2 6.0 5.6 5.6 5.4 5.5 5.8 Retirement and savings ...................... 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.6 2.7 Legally required benefits .................... 8.9 9.0 9.0 9.2 9.2 9.1 8.9 8.9 8.7 8.8 8.5 8.1 Other benefits 3................................... 4() 4() 4( ) .1 .1 .1 4() .1 4( ) .1 .1 .1 1Includes transportation, communication, and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and service industries.

2Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.3Includes severance pay and supplemental unemploymentbenefits. 4Less than .05 percent.

Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 173 - Table 19. Private industry workers, by broad industry group and establishment size: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1990-2001 -- Continued Establishments with 500 or more workers in service-producing 1 industries Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... $18.83 $19.00 $19.55 $20.18 $21.94 $21.59 $23.02 $23.25 $24.03 $24.97 $25.44 $26.98 Wages and salaries ................................ 13.46 13.61 13.89 14.22 15.40 15.28 16.15 16.52 17.15 17.77 18.08 19.20 Total benefits .......................................... 5.37 5.39 5.65 5.96 6.55 6.31 6.87 6.73 6.89 7.19 7.37 7.77 Paid leave ........................................... 1.58 1.55 1.59 1.58 1.74 1.66 1.81 1.81 1.88 1.97 2.03 2.12 Supplemental pay ............................... .38 .40 .42 .50 .55 .51 .57 .63 .66 .71 .71 .77 Insurance ............................................ 1.21 1.27 1.37 1.53 1.67 1.57 1.63 1.50 1.53 1.58 1.66 1.79 Retirement and savings ...................... .67 .59 .65 .66 .78 .78 1.00 .91 .95 .98 1.02 1.08 Legally required benefits .................... 1.51 1.56 1.59 1.66 1.78 1.75 1.82 1.84 1.84 1.90 1.89 1.98 Other benefits 2................................... .02 .02 .02 .03 .04 .03 .04 .03 .04 .04 .04 .04 Percent of total compensation by year 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ 71.5 71.6 71.1 70.5 70.2 70.8 70.2 71.1 71.4 71.2 71.1 71.2 Total benefits .......................................... 28.5 28.4 28.9 29.5 29.8 29.2 29.8 28.9 28.7 28.8 29.0 28.8 Paid leave ........................................... 8.4 8.1 8.1 7.8 7.9 7.7 7.9 7.8 7.8 7.9 8.0 7.9 Supplemental pay ............................... 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.5 2.5 2.3 2.5 2.7 2.7 2.8 2.8 2.9 Insurance ............................................ 6.4 6.7 7.0 7.6 7.6 7.3 7.1 6.4 6.4 6.3 6.5 6.6 Retirement and savings ...................... 3.6 3.1 3.3 3.3 3.6 3.6 4.3 3.9 4.0 3.9 4.0 4.0 Legally required benefits .................... 8.0 8.2 8.2 8.2 8.1 8.1 7.9 7.9 7.7 7.6 7.4 7.3 Other benefits 2................................... .1 .1 .1 .2 .2 .1 .2 .1 .2 .2 .2 .1 1Includes transportation, communication, and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and service industries.

2Includes severance pay and supplemental unemploymentbenefits.

Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 174 - Table 20. Private industry, health services, by occupational group: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1994-2001 All workers Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... $18.01 $17.99 $18.24 $18.32 $18.90 $19.05 $21.87 $23.67 Wages and salaries ................................ 13.06 13.17 13.34 13.55 14.01 14.16 16.19 17.37 Total benefits .......................................... 4.94 4.82 4.90 4.77 4.89 4.88 5.68 6.30 Paid leave ........................................... 1.31 1.27 1.30 1.35 1.37 1.37 1.83 1.96 Supplemental pay ............................... .46 .47 .43 .41 .45 .42 .43 .43 Insurance ............................................ 1.23 1.13 1.14 1.00 1.06 1.07 1.20 1.42 Retirement and savings ...................... .43 .43 .51 .52 .48 .47 .56 .68 Legally required benefits .................... 1.51 1.51 1.51 1.49 1.51 1.54 1.66 1.80 Other benefits 2................................... 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() Percent of total compensation by year 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ 72.5 73.2 73.1 73.9 74.1 74.3 74.0 73.4 Total benefits .......................................... 27.5 26.8 26.9 26.1 25.9 25.6 26.0 26.6 Paid leave ........................................... 7.2 7.1 7.1 7.4 7.2 7.2 8.4 8.3 Supplemental pay ............................... 2.5 2.6 2.4 2.2 2.4 2.2 2.0 1.8 Insurance ............................................ 6.8 6.3 6.2 5.5 5.6 5.6 5.5 6.0 Retirement and savings ...................... 2.4 2.4 2.8 2.8 2.5 2.5 2.6 2.9 Legally required benefits .................... 8.4 8.4 8.3 8.1 8.0 8.1 7.6 7.6 Other benefits 2................................... 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 1Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.2Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.

3Less than .05 percent.Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 175 - Table 20. Private industry, health services, by occupational group: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1994-2001 -- Continued Professional specialty and technical occupations Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... $24.95 $24.89 $25.36 $25.67 $25.90 $26.01 $31.03 $33.84 Wages and salaries ................................ 18.28 18.45 18.71 19.07 19.36 19.40 22.91 24.91 Total benefits .......................................... 6.67 6.44 6.65 6.60 6.54 6.61 8.12 8.93 Paid leave ........................................... 1.86 1.78 1.82 1.92 1.91 1.89 2.89 3.14 Supplemental pay ............................... .77 .74 .73 .68 .70 .69 .69 .69 Insurance ............................................ 1.43 1.33 1.37 1.26 1.25 1.36 1.52 1.63 Retirement and savings ...................... .57 .54 .66 .72 .66 .59 .78 1.00 Legally required benefits .................... 2.02 2.03 2.06 2.02 2.02 2.08 2.23 2.46 Other benefits 2................................... .02 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() Percent of total compensation by year 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ 73.3 74.1 73.8 74.3 74.7 74.6 73.8 73.6 Total benefits .......................................... 26.7 25.9 26.2 25.7 25.3 25.4 26.2 26.4 Paid leave ........................................... 7.4 7.2 7.2 7.5 7.4 7.3 9.3 9.3 Supplemental pay ............................... 3.1 3.0 2.9 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.2 2.0 Insurance ............................................ 5.7 5.3 5.4 4.9 4.8 5.2 4.9 4.8 Retirement and savings ...................... 2.3 2.2 2.6 2.8 2.5 2.3 2.5 3.0 Legally required benefits .................... 8.1 8.2 8.1 7.9 7.8 8.0 7.2 7.3 Other benefits 2................................... .1 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 1Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.2Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.

3Less than .05 percent.Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 176 - Table 20. Private industry, health services, by occupational group: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1994-2001 -- Continued Professional specialty occupations Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... $28.39 $28.27 $28.91 $29.26 $29.51 $29.44 $37.01 $40.77 Wages and salaries ................................ 20.86 20.96 21.25 21.65 22.05 21.97 27.19 30.06 Total benefits .......................................... 7.53 7.31 7.66 7.61 7.46 7.47 9.82 10.72 Paid leave ........................................... 2.18 2.13 2.21 2.34 2.28 2.22 3.81 4.11 Supplemental pay ............................... .91 .88 .93 .83 .82 .79 .77 .77 Insurance ............................................ 1.55 1.44 1.51 1.36 1.34 1.47 1.69 1.73 Retirement and savings ...................... .64 .60 .71 .85 .76 .66 1.01 1.31 Legally required benefits .................... 2.22 2.24 2.28 2.23 2.25 2.32 2.52 2.80 Other benefits 2................................... .03 .02 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() Percent of total compensation by year 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ 73.5 74.1 73.5 74.0 74.7 74.6 73.5 73.7 Total benefits .......................................... 26.5 25.9 26.5 26.0 25.3 25.4 26.5 26.3 Paid leave ........................................... 7.7 7.6 7.7 8.0 7.7 7.5 10.3 10.1 Supplemental pay ............................... 3.2 3.1 3.2 2.8 2.8 2.7 2.1 1.9 Insurance ............................................ 5.5 5.1 5.2 4.7 4.5 5.0 4.6 4.2 Retirement and savings ...................... 2.3 2.1 2.5 2.9 2.6 2.2 2.7 3.2 Legally required benefits .................... 7.8 7.9 7.9 7.6 7.6 7.9 6.8 6.9 Other benefits 2................................... .1 .1 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 1Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.2Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.

3Less than .05 percent.Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 177 - Table 20. Private industry, health services, by occupational group: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1994-2001 -- Continued Nurses Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... $27.21 $27.41 $28.38 $28.07 $28.21 $29.21 $29.90 $31.41 Wages and salaries ................................ 19.66 19.98 20.46 20.36 20.72 21.48 21.87 22.68 Total benefits .......................................... 7.55 7.43 7.92 7.71 7.48 7.73 8.03 8.73 Paid leave ........................................... 2.01 2.04 2.21 2.27 2.22 2.30 2.41 2.69 Supplemental pay ............................... 1.09 1.09 1.12 1.05 1.04 1.00 .98 .97 Insurance ............................................ 1.52 1.46 1.55 1.38 1.33 1.47 1.55 1.64 Retirement and savings ...................... .67 .58 .71 .73 .65 .64 .74 .91 Legally required benefits .................... 2.24 2.25 2.32 2.27 2.24 2.32 2.34 2.51 Other benefits 2................................... .02 .02 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() Percent of total compensation by year 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ 72.3 72.9 72.1 72.5 73.4 73.5 73.1 72.2 Total benefits .......................................... 27.7 27.1 27.9 27.5 26.5 26.5 26.9 27.8 Paid leave ........................................... 7.4 7.4 7.8 8.1 7.9 7.9 8.1 8.6 Supplemental pay ............................... 4.0 4.0 4.0 3.7 3.7 3.4 3.3 3.1 Insurance ............................................ 5.6 5.3 5.5 4.9 4.7 5.0 5.2 5.2 Retirement and savings ...................... 2.4 2.1 2.5 2.6 2.3 2.2 2.5 2.9 Legally required benefits .................... 8.2 8.2 8.2 8.1 7.9 7.9 7.8 8.0 Other benefits 2................................... .1 .1 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 1Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.2Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.

3Less than .05 percent.Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 178 - Table 20. Private industry, health services, by occupational group: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1994-2001 -- Continued Technical occupations Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... $18.96 $19.73 $20.23 $19.84 $20.08 $20.60 $21.73 $22.46 Wages and salaries ................................ 13.78 14.63 15.04 14.87 15.01 15.35 16.25 16.47 Total benefits .......................................... 5.18 5.10 5.19 4.96 5.07 5.25 5.48 5.99 Paid leave ........................................... 1.29 1.24 1.26 1.25 1.33 1.37 1.47 1.55 Supplemental pay ............................... .51 .53 .45 .45 .50 .52 .55 .56 Insurance ............................................ 1.22 1.16 1.16 1.10 1.10 1.18 1.26 1.48 Retirement and savings ...................... .46 .45 .58 .50 .49 .47 .42 .49 Legally required benefits .................... 1.68 1.71 1.73 1.67 1.66 1.70 1.79 1.90 Other benefits 2................................... 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() Percent of total compensation by year 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ 72.7 74.1 74.4 75.0 74.8 74.5 74.8 73.3 Total benefits .......................................... 27.3 25.9 25.6 25.0 25.2 25.5 25.2 26.7 Paid leave ........................................... 6.8 6.3 6.2 6.3 6.6 6.7 6.8 6.9 Supplemental pay ............................... 2.7 2.7 2.2 2.2 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 Insurance ............................................ 6.4 5.9 5.8 5.5 5.5 5.7 5.8 6.6 Retirement and savings ...................... 2.4 2.3 2.8 2.5 2.4 2.3 1.9 2.2 Legally required benefits .................... 8.9 8.7 8.5 8.4 8.3 8.3 8.2 8.5 Other benefits 2................................... 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 1Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.2Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.

3Less than .05 percent.Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 179 - Table 20. Private industry, health services, by occupational group: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1994-2001 -- Continued Administrative support, including clerical occupations Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... $13.90 $14.17 $14.46 $14.79 $15.57 $15.81 $16.70 $15.93 Wages and salaries ................................ 9.76 10.00 10.30 10.54 10.97 11.41 12.07 11.48 Total benefits .......................................... 4.14 4.17 4.16 4.25 4.60 4.40 4.64 4.45 Paid leave ........................................... .99 1.01 1.05 1.18 1.20 1.27 1.30 1.07 Supplemental pay ............................... .26 .35 .27 .25 .30 .23 .23 .22 Insurance ............................................ 1.34 1.20 1.15 1.07 1.37 1.11 1.23 1.39 Retirement and savings ...................... .46 .50 .56 .60 .54 .57 .60 .54 Legally required benefits .................... 1.08 1.10 1.13 1.13 1.17 1.21 1.27 1.23 Other benefits 2................................... 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() Percent of total compensation by year 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ 70.2 70.6 71.3 71.3 70.5 72.2 72.3 72.1 Total benefits .......................................... 29.8 29.4 28.7 28.7 29.5 27.8 27.8 27.9 Paid leave ........................................... 7.1 7.1 7.2 8.0 7.7 8.0 7.8 6.7 Supplemental pay ............................... 1.9 2.5 1.8 1.7 1.9 1.5 1.4 1.4 Insurance ............................................ 9.6 8.5 7.9 7.2 8.8 7.0 7.4 8.7 Retirement and savings ...................... 3.3 3.5 3.9 4.1 3.5 3.6 3.6 3.4 Legally required benefits .................... 7.8 7.8 7.8 7.7 7.5 7.7 7.6 7.7 Other benefits 2................................... 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 1Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.2Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.

3Less than .05 percent.Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 180 - Table 20. Private industry, health services, by occupational group: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1994-2001 -- Continued Service occupations Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... $10.81 $11.06 $11.25 $10.81 $11.13 $11.40 $11.61 $13.12 Wages and salaries ................................ 7.76 8.03 8.18 8.13 8.38 8.61 8.71 9.53 Total benefits .......................................... 3.05 3.04 3.06 2.68 2.75 2.80 2.91 3.60 Paid leave ........................................... .67 .68 .71 .62 .64 .65 .67 .78 Supplemental pay ............................... .25 .28 .25 .21 .24 .23 .23 .27 Insurance ............................................ .84 .77 .78 .63 .64 .65 .74 1.09 Retirement and savings ...................... .19 .19 .24 .19 .22 .22 .22 .29 Legally required benefits .................... 1.09 1.11 1.08 1.02 1.01 1.03 1.04 1.15 Other benefits 2................................... 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() Percent of total compensation by year 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ 71.8 72.5 72.8 75.2 75.3 75.5 75.0 72.6 Total benefits .......................................... 28.2 27.5 27.2 24.8 24.7 24.6 25.1 27.4 Paid leave ........................................... 6.2 6.2 6.3 5.8 5.8 5.7 5.8 5.9 Supplemental pay ............................... 2.3 2.5 2.2 2.0 2.2 2.0 2.0 2.1 Insurance ............................................ 7.7 6.9 7.0 5.9 5.8 5.7 6.4 8.3 Retirement and savings ...................... 1.7 1.8 2.1 1.7 2.0 1.9 1.9 2.2 Legally required benefits .................... 10.1 10.0 9.6 9.4 9.1 9.0 9.0 8.8 Other benefits 2................................... 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 1Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.2Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.

3Less than .05 percent.Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 181 - Table 20. Private industry, hospitals, by occupational group: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1994-2001 -- Continued All workers Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... $20.65 $21.06 $21.55 $21.60 $22.15 $22.75 $23.67 $25.37 Wages and salaries ................................ 14.57 14.93 15.16 15.33 15.85 16.21 16.85 18.02 Total benefits .......................................... 6.08 6.12 6.39 6.27 6.31 6.54 6.82 7.34 Paid leave ........................................... 1.66 1.70 1.80 1.82 1.85 1.94 2.00 2.15 Supplemental pay ............................... .65 .68 .71 .71 .69 .67 .66 .66 Insurance ............................................ 1.65 1.61 1.63 1.51 1.48 1.60 1.72 1.84 Retirement and savings ...................... .47 .48 .57 .55 .57 .58 .62 .74 Legally required benefits .................... 1.63 1.63 1.66 1.67 1.70 1.74 1.82 1.93 Other benefits 2................................... .02 .02 .02 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() Percent of total compensation by year 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ 70.6 70.9 70.4 71.0 71.6 71.3 71.2 71.0 Total benefits .......................................... 29.4 29.1 29.6 29.0 28.5 28.7 28.8 28.9 Paid leave ........................................... 8.0 8.1 8.3 8.4 8.4 8.5 8.4 8.5 Supplemental pay ............................... 3.2 3.2 3.3 3.3 3.1 2.9 2.8 2.6 Insurance ............................................ 8.0 7.7 7.6 7.0 6.7 7.0 7.3 7.3 Retirement and savings ...................... 2.3 2.3 2.6 2.5 2.6 2.5 2.6 2.9 Legally required benefits .................... 7.9 7.7 7.7 7.7 7.7 7.6 7.7 7.6 Other benefits 2................................... .1 .1 .1 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 1Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.2Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.

3Less than .05 percent.Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 182 - Table 20. Private industry, hospitals, by occupational group: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1994-2001 -- Continued Professional specialty and technical occupations Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... $25.08 $25.58 $26.48 $26.77 $27.15 $27.82 $28.46 $31.11 Wages and salaries ................................ 17.92 18.33 18.78 19.16 19.56 19.97 20.42 22.26 Total benefits .......................................... 7.16 7.25 7.70 7.61 7.58 7.85 8.04 8.85 Paid leave ........................................... 2.00 2.05 2.19 2.23 2.23 2.34 2.39 2.71 Supplemental pay ............................... .95 .98 1.06 1.04 .99 .96 .95 .96 Insurance ............................................ 1.64 1.63 1.69 1.60 1.57 1.71 1.80 1.90 Retirement and savings ...................... .55 .57 .68 .65 .69 .69 .72 .90 Legally required benefits .................... 2.00 1.99 2.06 2.08 2.09 2.14 2.18 2.36 Other benefits 2................................... .02 .02 .02 1() 1() 1() 1( ) .02 Percent of total compensation by year 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ 71.5 71.7 70.9 71.6 72.0 71.8 71.7 71.6 Total benefits .......................................... 28.5 28.3 29.1 28.4 27.9 28.2 28.3 28.4 Paid leave ........................................... 8.0 8.0 8.3 8.3 8.2 8.4 8.4 8.7 Supplemental pay ............................... 3.8 3.8 4.0 3.9 3.6 3.5 3.3 3.1 Insurance ............................................ 6.5 6.4 6.4 6.0 5.8 6.1 6.3 6.1 Retirement and savings ...................... 2.2 2.2 2.6 2.4 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.9 Legally required benefits .................... 8.0 7.8 7.8 7.8 7.7 7.7 7.7 7.6 Other benefits 2................................... .1 .1 .1 3() 3() 3() 3() .1 1Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.2Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.

3Less than .05 percent.Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 183 - Table 20. Private industry, hospitals, by occupational group: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1994-2001 -- Continued Professional specialty occupations Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... $27.25 $27.90 $28.88 $29.36 $29.79 $30.67 $31.60 $34.35 Wages and salaries ................................ 19.66 20.17 20.57 21.15 21.64 22.17 22.80 24.69 Total benefits .......................................... 7.59 7.74 8.31 8.21 8.15 8.49 8.81 9.66 Paid leave ........................................... 2.14 2.21 2.38 2.42 2.42 2.57 2.69 3.10 Supplemental pay ............................... 1.05 1.10 1.22 1.20 1.12 1.10 1.07 1.04 Insurance ............................................ 1.62 1.62 1.72 1.59 1.56 1.71 1.83 1.90 Retirement and savings ...................... .59 .61 .72 .71 .75 .74 .81 1.03 Legally required benefits .................... 2.16 2.18 2.26 2.28 2.29 2.36 2.41 2.58 Other benefits 2................................... .02 .02 .02 1() 1() 1() 1( ) .02 Percent of total compensation by year 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ 72.1 72.3 71.2 72.0 72.6 72.3 72.2 71.9 Total benefits .......................................... 27.9 27.7 28.8 28.0 27.4 27.7 27.9 28.1 Paid leave ........................................... 7.9 7.9 8.2 8.2 8.1 8.4 8.5 9.0 Supplemental pay ............................... 3.8 3.9 4.2 4.1 3.8 3.6 3.4 3.0 Insurance ............................................ 6.0 5.8 5.9 5.4 5.2 5.6 5.8 5.5 Retirement and savings ...................... 2.2 2.2 2.5 2.4 2.5 2.4 2.6 3.0 Legally required benefits .................... 7.9 7.8 7.8 7.8 7.7 7.7 7.6 7.5 Other benefits 2................................... .1 .1 .1 3() 3() 3() 3() .1 1Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.2Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.

3Less than .05 percent.Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 184 - Table 20. Private industry, hospitals, by occupational group: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1994-2001 -- Continued Nurses Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... $27.77 $28.35 $29.48 $29.51 $29.78 $30.85 $31.64 $33.32 Wages and salaries ................................ 19.95 20.40 20.86 21.04 21.42 22.12 22.73 23.71 Total benefits .......................................... 7.82 7.95 8.62 8.47 8.36 8.72 8.91 9.61 Paid leave ........................................... 2.11 2.18 2.39 2.45 2.44 2.62 2.69 3.04 Supplemental pay ............................... 1.24 1.28 1.42 1.42 1.33 1.30 1.21 1.14 Insurance ............................................ 1.62 1.63 1.74 1.57 1.54 1.67 1.81 1.88 Retirement and savings ...................... .60 .61 .74 .70 .71 .73 .77 .98 Legally required benefits .................... 2.23 2.23 2.32 2.32 2.32 2.39 2.42 2.55 Other benefits 2................................... .02 .02 1() 1() 1() 1() 1( ) .02 Percent of total compensation by year 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ 71.8 72.0 70.8 71.3 71.9 71.7 71.8 71.2 Total benefits .......................................... 28.2 28.0 29.2 28.7 28.1 28.3 28.2 28.8 Paid leave ........................................... 7.6 7.7 8.1 8.3 8.2 8.5 8.5 9.1 Supplemental pay ............................... 4.5 4.5 4.8 4.8 4.5 4.2 3.8 3.4 Insurance ............................................ 5.9 5.7 5.9 5.3 5.2 5.4 5.7 5.6 Retirement and savings ...................... 2.2 2.1 2.5 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.9 Legally required benefits .................... 8.0 7.9 7.9 7.8 7.8 7.7 7.6 7.7 Other benefits 2................................... .1 .1 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() .1 1Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.2Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.

3Less than .05 percent.Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 185 - Table 20. Private industry, hospitals, by occupational group: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1994-2001 -- Continued Technical occupations Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... $19.15 $19.40 $20.14 $20.24 $20.93 $21.39 $21.76 $23.26 Wages and salaries ................................ 13.18 13.46 14.04 14.14 14.67 15.01 15.37 16.37 Total benefits .......................................... 5.97 5.94 6.09 6.10 6.25 6.38 6.40 6.90 Paid leave ........................................... 1.62 1.63 1.70 1.75 1.78 1.81 1.75 1.79 Supplemental pay ............................... .69 .68 .66 .64 .67 .64 .69 .77 Insurance ............................................ 1.67 1.68 1.60 1.63 1.60 1.69 1.72 1.91 Retirement and savings ...................... .43 .44 .56 .51 .56 .58 .53 .58 Legally required benefits .................... 1.55 1.49 1.55 1.56 1.63 1.65 1.70 1.83 Other benefits 2................................... .02 .02 .02 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() Percent of total compensation by year 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ 68.8 69.4 69.7 69.9 70.1 70.2 70.6 70.4 Total benefits .......................................... 31.2 30.6 30.3 30.1 29.9 29.8 29.4 29.7 Paid leave ........................................... 8.5 8.4 8.4 8.6 8.5 8.5 8.0 7.7 Supplemental pay ............................... 3.6 3.5 3.3 3.2 3.2 3.0 3.2 3.3 Insurance ............................................ 8.7 8.7 8.0 8.0 7.6 7.9 7.9 8.2 Retirement and savings ...................... 2.2 2.3 2.8 2.5 2.7 2.7 2.4 2.5 Legally required benefits .................... 8.1 7.7 7.7 7.7 7.8 7.7 7.8 7.9 Other benefits 2................................... .1 .1 .1 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 1Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.2Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.

3Less than .05 percent.Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 186 - Table 20. Private industry, hospitals, by occupational group: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1994-2001 -- Continued Administrative support, including clerical occupations Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... $14.82 $14.91 $15.30 $15.36 $15.69 $16.17 $16.84 $17.24 Wages and salaries ................................ 10.13 10.33 10.53 10.65 11.01 11.26 11.63 11.82 Total benefits .......................................... 4.69 4.58 4.77 4.70 4.68 4.92 5.21 5.42 Paid leave ........................................... 1.19 1.18 1.25 1.32 1.37 1.40 1.42 1.37 Supplemental pay ............................... .29 .30 .29 .30 .30 .28 .30 .31 Insurance ............................................ 1.67 1.55 1.59 1.48 1.40 1.58 1.70 1.86 Retirement and savings ...................... .39 .39 .45 .44 .43 .44 .51 .57 Legally required benefits .................... 1.14 1.13 1.17 1.15 1.18 1.21 1.27 1.29 Other benefits 2................................... .02 1( ) .02 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() Percent of total compensation by year 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ 68.4 69.3 68.8 69.4 70.2 69.6 69.1 68.6 Total benefits .......................................... 31.6 30.7 31.2 30.6 29.8 30.4 30.9 31.4 Paid leave ........................................... 8.0 7.9 8.1 8.6 8.7 8.7 8.4 7.9 Supplemental pay ............................... 2.0 2.0 1.9 2.0 1.9 1.7 1.8 1.8 Insurance ............................................ 11.2 10.4 10.4 9.7 8.9 9.8 10.1 10.8 Retirement and savings ...................... 2.6 2.6 3.0 2.9 2.7 2.7 3.0 3.3 Legally required benefits .................... 7.7 7.6 7.6 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 Other benefits 2................................... .1 3() .1 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 1Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.2Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.

3Less than .05 percent.Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 187 - Table 20. Private industry, hospitals, by occupational group: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1994-2001 -- Continued Service occupations Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... $13.14 $13.24 $13.56 $12.96 $13.20 $13.52 $13.85 $14.70 Wages and salaries ................................ 8.80 8.93 9.22 8.82 9.05 9.25 9.53 10.13 Total benefits .......................................... 4.33 4.31 4.34 4.14 4.15 4.27 4.32 4.57 Paid leave ........................................... .97 .99 1.05 1.00 1.00 1.06 1.01 1.03 Supplemental pay ............................... .39 .40 .42 .42 .43 .43 .38 .34 Insurance ............................................ 1.59 1.56 1.49 1.37 1.34 1.39 1.47 1.64 Retirement and savings ...................... .29 .29 .32 .31 .33 .33 .32 .36 Legally required benefits .................... 1.07 1.06 1.06 1.04 1.04 1.05 1.12 1.20 Other benefits 2................................... .02 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() Percent of total compensation by year 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ 67.0 67.5 68.0 68.1 68.6 68.4 68.8 68.9 Total benefits .......................................... 33.0 32.5 32.0 31.9 31.4 31.6 31.2 31.1 Paid leave ........................................... 7.4 7.5 7.7 7.7 7.6 7.8 7.3 7.0 Supplemental pay ............................... 3.0 3.0 3.1 3.3 3.3 3.2 2.7 2.3 Insurance ............................................ 12.1 11.8 11.0 10.6 10.2 10.3 10.6 11.2 Retirement and savings ...................... 2.2 2.2 2.4 2.4 2.5 2.4 2.3 2.4 Legally required benefits .................... 8.1 8.0 7.8 8.0 7.9 7.8 8.1 8.2 Other benefits 2................................... .2 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 1Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.2Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.

3Less than .05 percent.Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 188 - Table 20. Private industry, nursing homes, by occupational group: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1994-2001 -- Continued All workers Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... $11.06 $11.30 $11.54 $12.26 $12.82 $13.29 $14.12 $15.33 Wages and salaries ................................ 8.15 8.33 8.58 9.21 9.70 10.06 10.67 11.37 Total benefits .......................................... 2.91 2.96 2.96 3.06 3.12 3.23 3.46 3.95 Paid leave ........................................... .66 .69 .71 .77 .79 .83 .89 1.02 Supplemental pay ............................... .23 .23 .22 .24 .27 .27 .30 .38 Insurance ............................................ .57 .58 .60 .62 .63 .68 .76 .89 Retirement and savings ...................... .10 .12 .12 .13 .16 .15 .18 .24 Legally required benefits .................... 1.34 1.34 1.30 1.29 1.27 1.30 1.32 1.42 Other benefits 2................................... 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() Percent of total compensation by year 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ 73.7 73.8 74.4 75.1 75.7 75.7 75.6 74.2 Total benefits .......................................... 26.3 26.2 25.6 24.9 24.3 24.3 24.5 25.8 Paid leave ........................................... 6.0 6.1 6.1 6.3 6.2 6.2 6.3 6.7 Supplemental pay ............................... 2.1 2.1 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.0 2.1 2.5 Insurance ............................................ 5.1 5.2 5.2 5.0 4.9 5.1 5.4 5.8 Retirement and savings ...................... .9 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.3 1.6 Legally required benefits .................... 12.1 11.8 11.3 10.5 9.9 9.8 9.3 9.3 Other benefits 2................................... 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 1Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.2Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.

3Less than .05 percent.Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 189 - Table 20. Private industry, nursing homes, by occupational group: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1994-2001 -- Continued Professional specialty and technical occupations Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... $17.41 $17.61 $17.91 $18.14 $18.86 $19.45 $20.25 $22.45 Wages and salaries ................................ 12.96 13.11 13.43 13.78 14.45 14.92 15.52 16.76 Total benefits .......................................... 4.45 4.50 4.48 4.36 4.40 4.53 4.73 5.69 Paid leave ........................................... 1.10 1.11 1.16 1.12 1.14 1.18 1.21 1.50 Supplemental pay ............................... .43 .42 .41 .42 .43 .45 .52 .67 Insurance ............................................ .63 .67 .69 .67 .73 .77 .82 1.07 Retirement and savings ...................... .16 .20 .21 .21 .22 .22 .27 .38 Legally required benefits .................... 2.12 2.10 2.01 1.94 1.88 1.92 1.90 2.07 Other benefits 2................................... 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() Percent of total compensation by year 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ 74.4 74.5 75.0 76.0 76.6 76.7 76.6 74.7 Total benefits .......................................... 25.6 25.5 25.0 24.0 23.3 23.3 23.4 25.3 Paid leave ........................................... 6.3 6.3 6.5 6.2 6.0 6.1 6.0 6.7 Supplemental pay ............................... 2.5 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.6 3.0 Insurance ............................................ 3.6 3.8 3.8 3.7 3.9 4.0 4.0 4.8 Retirement and savings ...................... .9 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.3 1.7 Legally required benefits .................... 12.2 11.9 11.2 10.7 10.0 9.9 9.4 9.2 Other benefits 2................................... 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 1Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.2Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.

3Less than .05 percent.Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 190 - Table 20. Private industry, nursing homes, by occupational group: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1994-2001 -- Continued Professional specialty occupations Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... $19.50 $19.59 $20.24 $20.36 $20.85 $21.57 $22.69 $25.96 Wages and salaries ................................ 14.86 14.87 15.35 15.63 16.16 16.74 17.48 19.29 Total benefits .......................................... 4.64 4.73 4.89 4.73 4.68 4.83 5.21 6.67 Paid leave ........................................... 1.24 1.27 1.35 1.25 1.24 1.27 1.39 1.86 Supplemental pay ............................... .39 .36 .36 .38 .36 .37 .51 .69 Insurance ............................................ .59 .69 .74 .72 .78 .84 .91 1.29 Retirement and savings ...................... .17 .20 .22 .25 .25 .25 .33 .45 Legally required benefits .................... 2.24 2.21 2.22 2.13 2.05 2.10 2.07 2.37 Other benefits 2................................... 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() Percent of total compensation by year 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ 76.2 75.9 75.8 76.8 77.5 77.6 77.0 74.3 Total benefits .......................................... 23.8 24.1 24.2 23.2 22.4 22.4 23.0 25.7 Paid leave ........................................... 6.4 6.5 6.7 6.2 5.9 5.9 6.1 7.2 Supplemental pay ............................... 2.0 1.8 1.8 1.9 1.7 1.7 2.2 2.7 Insurance ............................................ 3.0 3.5 3.7 3.5 3.7 3.9 4.0 5.0 Retirement and savings ...................... .9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.5 1.7 Legally required benefits .................... 11.5 11.3 11.0 10.4 9.8 9.7 9.1 9.1 Other benefits 2................................... 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 1Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.2Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.

3Less than .05 percent.Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 191 - Table 20. Private industry, nursing homes, by occupational group: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1994-2001 -- Continued Technical occupations Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... $15.68 $15.95 $15.99 $16.16 $17.02 $17.51 $18.03 $19.50 Wages and salaries ................................ 11.38 11.65 11.86 12.13 12.88 13.25 13.74 14.63 Total benefits .......................................... 4.29 4.30 4.13 4.03 4.15 4.26 4.29 4.87 Paid leave ........................................... .98 .98 1.00 1.00 1.04 1.09 1.06 1.19 Supplemental pay ............................... .46 .47 .46 .45 .50 .52 .53 .66 Insurance ............................................ .66 .64 .64 .62 .68 .70 .74 .88 Retirement and savings ...................... .16 .20 .20 .17 .19 .19 .21 .32 Legally required benefits .................... 2.03 2.01 1.83 1.78 1.72 1.76 1.75 1.83 Other benefits 2................................... 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() Percent of total compensation by year 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ 72.6 73.0 74.2 75.1 75.7 75.7 76.2 75.0 Total benefits .......................................... 27.4 27.0 25.8 24.9 24.4 24.3 23.8 25.0 Paid leave ........................................... 6.3 6.1 6.3 6.2 6.1 6.2 5.9 6.1 Supplemental pay ............................... 3.0 3.0 2.9 2.8 2.9 3.0 2.9 3.4 Insurance ............................................ 4.2 4.0 4.0 3.8 4.0 4.0 4.1 4.5 Retirement and savings ...................... 1.0 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.6 Legally required benefits .................... 12.9 12.6 11.5 11.0 10.1 10.1 9.7 9.4 Other benefits 2................................... 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 1Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.2Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.

3Less than .05 percent.Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 192 - Table 20. Private industry, nursing homes, by occupational group: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1994-2001 -- Continued Service occupations Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... $8.87 $9.19 $9.43 $9.82 $10.19 $10.57 $10.99 $11.78 Wages and salaries ................................ 6.45 6.70 6.93 7.29 7.61 7.91 8.18 8.65 Total benefits .......................................... 2.41 2.49 2.50 2.53 2.58 2.66 2.81 3.13 Paid leave ........................................... .49 .52 .54 .59 .60 .63 .66 .72 Supplemental pay ............................... .19 .20 .19 .20 .23 .23 .25 .31 Insurance ............................................ .53 .54 .56 .57 .58 .62 .69 .80 Retirement and savings ...................... .08 .09 .09 .11 .13 .12 .13 .17 Legally required benefits .................... 1.12 1.14 1.11 1.07 1.05 1.07 1.07 1.12 Other benefits 2................................... 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() 1() Percent of total compensation by year 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ 72.8 72.9 73.5 74.2 74.7 74.8 74.4 73.4 Total benefits .......................................... 27.2 27.1 26.5 25.8 25.3 25.2 25.6 26.6 Paid leave ........................................... 5.5 5.7 5.7 6.0 5.9 6.0 6.0 6.1 Supplemental pay ............................... 2.2 2.2 2.0 2.0 2.3 2.2 2.3 2.6 Insurance ............................................ 5.9 5.9 5.9 5.8 5.7 5.9 6.3 6.8 Retirement and savings ...................... .9 .9 .9 1.1 1.3 1.1 1.2 1.4 Legally required benefits .................... 12.7 12.4 11.8 10.9 10.3 10.1 9.7 9.5 Other benefits 2................................... 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 3() 1Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.2Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.

3Less than .05 percent.Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 193 - Table 21. Private industry, transportation equipment manufacturing (SIC 37), by occupational group: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1989 1-2001 All workers Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation ....................................–––––$30.67 $31.37 $29.81 $31.06 $32.34 $33.21 $34.51 $33.67 Wages and salaries ................................–––––17.78 18.07 18.11 19.00 20.23 21.03 21.51 21.84 Total benefits ..........................................–––––12.89 13.29 11.69 12.06 12.11 12.18 13.01 11.84 Paid leave ...........................................–––––2.48 2.60 2.55 2.67 2.83 2.91 2.92 2.85 Supplemental pay ...............................–––––1.52 1.58 1.70 1.75 1.78 1.62 2.04 2.05 Insurance ............................................–––––3.78 3.67 2.92 2.92 2.85 3.04 3.35 2.81 Retirement and savings ......................–––––2.17 2.14 1.47 1.56 1.57 1.45 1.50 1.15 Legally required benefits ....................–––––2.57 2.87 2.71 2.79 2.76 2.79 2.78 2.73 Other benefits 2...................................––––– .38.43.35.37.32.37.43.25 Percent of total compensation by year 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation ....................................–––––100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................–––––58.0 57.6 60.8 61.2 62.6 63.3 62.3 64.9 Total benefits ..........................................–––––42.0 42.4 39.2 38.8 37.4 36.7 37.7 35.2 Paid leave ...........................................––––– 8.18.38.68.68.88.88.58.5 Supplemental pay ...............................––––– 4.95.05.75.65.54.95.96.1 Insurance ............................................–––––12.3 11.7 9.8 9.4 8.8 9.2 9.7 8.3 Retirement and savings ......................––––– 7.16.84.95.04.94.44.33.4 Legally required benefits ....................––––– 8.49.19.19.08.58.48.18.1 Other benefits 2...................................––––– 1.21.41.21.21.01.11.2.7 1This series began in 1994.2Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.

– Data not available.Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 194 - Table 21. Private industry, transportation equipment manufacturing (SIC 37), by occupational group: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1989 1-2001 -- Continued White-collar occupations Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation ....................................–––––$31.98 $32.94 $35.76 $36.48 $37.68 $38.81 $40.48 $43.78 Wages and salaries ................................–––––21.37 22.02 23.67 24.74 25.95 27.03 28.28 30.27 Total benefits ..........................................–––––10.61 10.92 12.08 11.74 11.73 11.79 12.21 13.52 Paid leave ...........................................–––––2.90 3.03 3.48 3.57 3.72 3.84 3.90 4.24 Supplemental pay ...............................––––– .73.781.13 .91 .89 .85 1.28 1.56 Insurance ............................................–––––2.95 3.08 2.72 2.66 2.63 2.72 2.67 2.97 Retirement and savings ......................–––––1.53 1.36 1.71 1.58 1.50 1.31 1.29 1.44 Legally required benefits ....................–––––2.38 2.59 2.79 2.79 2.80 2.80 2.76 3.06 Other benefits 2...................................––––– .11.08.25.23.19.27.31.24 Percent of total compensation by year 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation ....................................–––––100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................–––––66.8 66.8 66.2 67.8 68.9 69.6 69.9 69.1 Total benefits ..........................................–––––33.2 33.2 33.8 32.2 31.1 30.4 30.2 30.9 Paid leave ...........................................––––– 9.19.29.79.89.99.99.69.7 Supplemental pay ...............................––––– 2.32.43.22.52.42.23.23.6 Insurance ............................................––––– 9.29.37.67.37.07.06.66.8 Retirement and savings ......................––––– 4.84.14.84.34.03.43.23.3 Legally required benefits ....................––––– 7.57.97.87.67.47.26.87.0 Other benefits 2...................................––––– .4.2.7.6.5.7.8.5 1This series began in 1994.2Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.

– Data not available.Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 195 - Table 21. Private industry, transportation equipment manufacturing (SIC 37), by occupational group: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1989 1-2001 -- Continued Professional specialty and technical occupations Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation ....................................–––––$33.29 $34.27 $39.81 $41.59 $42.58 $44.07 $45.26 $45.66 Wages and salaries ................................–––––22.64 23.13 26.76 28.67 29.81 31.22 31.62 31.02 Total benefits ..........................................–––––10.65 11.14 13.05 12.92 12.77 12.86 13.64 14.65 Paid leave ...........................................–––––3.04 3.18 3.82 4.08 4.17 4.36 4.73 4.73 Supplemental pay ...............................––––– .57.641.07 .82 .90 .77 1.15 1.31 Insurance ............................................–––––2.91 3.10 2.85 2.84 2.74 2.80 2.88 3.41 Retirement and savings ......................–––––1.50 1.40 1.95 1.79 1.63 1.46 1.47 1.58 Legally required benefits ....................–––––2.52 2.75 3.09 3.16 3.15 3.18 3.12 3.26 Other benefits 2...................................––––– .10.07.27.24.18.29.29.36 Percent of total compensation by year 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation ....................................–––––100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................–––––68.0 67.5 67.2 68.9 70.0 70.8 69.9 67.9 Total benefits ..........................................–––––32.0 32.5 32.8 31.1 30.0 29.2 30.1 32.1 Paid leave ...........................................––––– 9.19.39.69.89.89.910.5 10.4 Supplemental pay ...............................––––– 1.71.92.72.02.11.72.52.9 Insurance ............................................––––– 8.79.07.26.86.46.46.47.5 Retirement and savings ......................––––– 4.54.14.94.33.83.33.23.5 Legally required benefits ....................––––– 7.68.07.87.67.47.26.97.1 Other benefits 2...................................––––– .3.2.7.6.4.7.6.8 1This series began in 1994.2Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.

– Data not available.Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 196 - Table 21. Private industry, transportation equipment manufacturing (SIC 37), by occupational group: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1989 1-2001 -- Continued Executive, administrative, and managerial occupations Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation ....................................–––––$38.66 $39.94 $41.32 $40.15 $41.90 $43.55 $50.67 $54.15 Wages and salaries ................................–––––26.70 27.80 27.36 27.42 28.95 30.47 36.83 39.43 Total benefits ..........................................–––––11.96 12.14 13.96 12.73 12.95 13.08 13.84 14.72 Paid leave ...........................................–––––3.63 3.85 4.42 4.25 4.45 4.60 4.69 4.91 Supplemental pay ...............................––––– .54.631.50 1.05 .95 1.07 1.38 2.04 Insurance ............................................–––––3.17 3.41 2.78 2.61 2.66 2.82 2.62 2.52 Retirement and savings ......................–––––1.83 1.29 1.91 1.71 1.71 1.42 1.54 1.63 Legally required benefits ....................–––––2.71 2.91 3.09 2.91 3.00 2.92 3.10 3.46 Other benefits 2...................................––––– .07.05.25.20.19.25.51.16 Percent of total compensation by year 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation ....................................–––––100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................–––––69.1 69.6 66.2 68.3 69.1 70.0 72.7 72.8 Total benefits ..........................................–––––30.9 30.4 33.8 31.7 30.9 30.0 27.3 27.2 Paid leave ...........................................––––– 9.49.710.7 10.6 10.6 10.6 9.3 9.1 Supplemental pay ...............................––––– 1.41.63.62.62.32.52.73.8 Insurance ............................................––––– 8.28.56.76.56.36.55.24.7 Retirement and savings ......................––––– 4.73.24.64.24.13.33.03.0 Legally required benefits ....................––––– 7.07.37.57.27.26.76.16.4 Other benefits 2...................................––––– .2.1.6.5.5.61.0.3 1This series began in 1994.2Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.

– Data not available.Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 197 - Table 21. Private industry, transportation equipment manufacturing (SIC 37), by occupational group: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1989 1-2001 -- Continued Blue-collar occupations Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation ....................................–––––$30.13 $30.70 $26.64 $28.22 $29.22 $30.11 $31.41 $28.41 Wages and salaries ................................–––––16.12 16.40 15.29 16.10 17.02 17.81 18.06 17.43 Total benefits ..........................................–––––14.01 14.30 11.35 12.13 12.20 12.30 13.35 10.98 Paid leave ...........................................–––––2.30 2.42 2.05 2.20 2.30 2.39 2.41 2.12 Supplemental pay ...............................–––––1.91 1.93 1.96 2.15 2.25 2.01 2.41 2.33 Insurance ............................................–––––4.15 3.92 3.00 3.05 2.96 3.20 3.68 2.73 Retirement and savings ......................–––––2.48 2.47 1.32 1.54 1.60 1.52 1.59 .99 Legally required benefits ....................–––––2.66 2.99 2.66 2.77 2.71 2.77 2.79 2.56 Other benefits 2...................................––––– .51.58.37.42.38.40.48.25 Percent of total compensation by year 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation ....................................–––––100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................–––––53.5 53.4 57.4 57.0 58.2 59.1 57.5 61.4 Total benefits ..........................................–––––46.5 46.6 42.6 43.0 41.8 40.9 42.5 38.6 Paid leave ...........................................––––– 7.67.97.77.87.97.97.77.5 Supplemental pay ...............................––––– 6.36.37.37.67.76.77.78.2 Insurance ............................................–––––13.8 12.8 11.3 10.8 10.1 10.6 11.7 9.6 Retirement and savings ......................––––– 8.28.04.95.55.55.05.13.5 Legally required benefits ....................––––– 8.89.710.0 9.8 9.3 9.2 8.9 9.0 Other benefits 2...................................––––– 1.71.91.41.51.31.31.5.9 1This series began in 1994.2Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.

– Data not available.Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 198 - Table 21. Private industry, transportation equipment manufacturing (SIC 37), by occupational group: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1989 1-2001 -- Continued Service occupations Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation ....................................–––––$28.51 $30.61 $32.27 $32.33 $34.69 $34.75 $35.58 $25.08 Wages and salaries ................................–––––15.72 16.22 16.14 17.06 18.45 19.06 18.23 15.55 Total benefits ..........................................–––––12.79 14.39 16.13 15.26 16.24 15.68 17.35 9.54 Paid leave ...........................................–––––2.05 2.30 3.05 2.77 3.17 3.12 3.38 2.30 Supplemental pay ...............................–––––1.30 1.77 3.00 2.93 3.27 2.83 3.24 1.25 Insurance ............................................–––––4.54 4.24 3.57 3.25 3.31 3.44 4.20 2.84 Retirement and savings ......................–––––2.06 2.56 2.14 2.04 2.16 1.98 2.15 .90 Legally required benefits ....................–––––2.39 2.72 3.19 3.27 3.40 3.52 3.18 2.06 Other benefits 2...................................––––– .45.791.18 1.00 .93 .80 1.20 .19 Percent of total compensation by year 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation ....................................–––––100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................–––––55.1 53.0 50.0 52.8 53.2 54.8 51.2 62.0 Total benefits ..........................................–––––44.9 47.0 50.0 47.2 46.8 45.1 48.8 38.0 Paid leave ...........................................––––– 7.27.59.58.69.19.09.59.2 Supplemental pay ...............................––––– 4.65.89.39.19.48.19.15.0 Insurance ............................................–––––15.9 13.8 11.1 10.1 9.5 9.9 11.8 11.3 Retirement and savings ......................––––– 7.28.46.66.36.25.76.03.6 Legally required benefits ....................––––– 8.48.99.910.1 9.8 10.1 8.9 8.2 Other benefits 2...................................––––– 1.62.63.73.12.72.33.4.8 1This series began in 1994.2Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.

– Data not available.Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 199 - Table 21. Private industry, aircraft manufacturing (SIC 3721), by occupational group: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1989-2001 -- Continued All workers Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... $22.67 $24.17 $25.30 $26.97 $28.62 $29.34 $30.66 $34.09 $33.98 $34.27 $35.33 $37.87 $40.09 Wages and salaries ................................ 15.66 16.32 17.11 18.02 18.68 19.53 20.28 21.79 22.63 23.32 24.28 25.47 26.79 Total benefits .......................................... 7.01 7.84 8.19 8.95 9.94 9.82 10.38 12.30 11.35 10.95 11.05 12.39 13.30 Paid leave ........................................... 2.08 2.16 2.27 2.33 2.45 2.54 2.72 3.13 3.07 3.23 3.34 3.51 3.69 Supplemental pay ............................... .93 1.27 1.22 1.17 1.43 1.05 .89 1.68 1.05 1.08 1.19 1.67 1.79 Insurance ............................................ 1.61 1.84 2.07 2.39 2.64 2.70 2.83 2.86 2.75 2.48 2.60 2.67 3.13 Retirement and savings ...................... .68 .76 .73 1.05 1.23 1.27 1.38 1.82 1.58 1.42 .97 1.20 1.36 Legally required benefits .................... 1.69 1.79 1.88 1.98 2.15 2.23 2.53 2.72 2.81 2.69 2.77 2.92 3.12 Other benefits 2................................... .02 1( ) .02 .03 .04 .03 .03 .10 .09 .04 .18 .42 .21 Percent of total compensation by year 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ 69.1 67.5 67.6 66.8 65.3 66.5 66.2 63.9 66.6 68.0 68.7 67.3 66.8 Total benefits .......................................... 30.9 32.4 32.4 33.2 34.7 33.5 33.8 36.1 33.4 32.0 31.3 32.7 33.2 Paid leave ........................................... 9.2 8.9 9.0 8.6 8.6 8.6 8.9 9.2 9.0 9.4 9.5 9.3 9.2 Supplemental pay ............................... 4.1 5.3 4.8 4.3 5.0 3.6 2.9 4.9 3.1 3.2 3.4 4.4 4.5 Insurance ............................................ 7.1 7.6 8.2 8.9 9.2 9.2 9.2 8.4 8.1 7.2 7.4 7.1 7.8 Retirement and savings ...................... 3.0 3.1 2.9 3.9 4.3 4.3 4.5 5.3 4.6 4.1 2.7 3.2 3.4 Legally required benefits .................... 7.5 7.4 7.4 7.3 7.5 7.6 8.2 8.0 8.3 7.8 7.8 7.7 7.8 Other benefits 2................................... .1 3( ) .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .3 .3 .1 .5 1.1 .5 1Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.2Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.3Less than .05 percent.Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 200 - Table 21. Private industry, aircraft manufacturing (SIC 3721), by occupational group: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1989-2001 -- Continued White-collar occupations Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... $24.05 $25.51 $26.37 $28.10 $29.62 $30.33 $31.78 $36.23 $36.32 $36.97 $38.12 $40.76 $43.63 Wages and salaries ................................ 17.10 17.71 18.30 19.18 19.81 20.67 21.52 23.72 24.83 25.68 26.88 28.31 29.68 Total benefits .......................................... 6.96 7.80 8.08 8.91 9.81 9.67 10.26 12.51 11.50 11.30 11.24 12.44 13.95 Paid leave ........................................... 2.33 2.40 2.49 2.59 2.70 2.80 2.98 3.49 3.43 3.52 3.71 4.04 4.22 Supplemental pay ............................... .50 .87 .83 .77 .93 .55 .46 1.34 .72 .77 .71 .81 1.56 Insurance ............................................ 1.61 1.82 2.01 2.34 2.62 2.65 2.78 2.72 2.66 2.48 2.60 2.69 3.19 Retirement and savings ...................... .80 .89 .85 1.20 1.38 1.42 1.52 2.09 1.71 1.61 1.12 1.32 1.50 Legally required benefits .................... 1.70 1.81 1.88 1.98 2.13 2.20 2.48 2.80 2.90 2.88 2.87 2.99 3.23 Other benefits 2................................... .02 1( ) .02 .04 .06 .04 .04 .06 .08 .04 .24 .59 .26 Percent of total compensation by year 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ 71.1 69.4 69.4 68.3 66.9 68.1 67.7 65.5 68.4 69.5 70.5 69.5 68.0 Total benefits .......................................... 28.9 30.6 30.6 31.7 33.1 31.9 32.3 34.5 31.6 30.6 29.5 30.5 32.0 Paid leave ........................................... 9.7 9.4 9.4 9.2 9.1 9.2 9.4 9.6 9.4 9.5 9.7 9.9 9.7 Supplemental pay ............................... 2.1 3.4 3.1 2.7 3.1 1.8 1.5 3.7 2.0 2.1 1.9 2.0 3.6 Insurance ............................................ 6.7 7.1 7.6 8.3 8.8 8.8 8.8 7.5 7.3 6.7 6.8 6.6 7.3 Retirement and savings ...................... 3.3 3.5 3.2 4.3 4.7 4.7 4.8 5.8 4.7 4.4 2.9 3.2 3.4 Legally required benefits .................... 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.0 7.2 7.2 7.8 7.7 8.0 7.8 7.5 7.3 7.4 Other benefits 2................................... .1 3( ) .1 .1 .2 .1 .1 .2 .2 .1 .6 1.4 .6 1Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.2Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.3Less than .05 percent.Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 201 - Table 21. Private industry, aircraft manufacturing (SIC 3721), by occupational group: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1989-2001 -- Continued Blue-collar occupations Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... $20.64 $22.22 $23.78 $25.42 $27.32 $28.01 $29.06 $30.52 $30.14 $29.56 $30.56 $33.33 $34.18 Wages and salaries ................................ 13.50 14.26 15.35 16.35 17.09 17.91 18.47 18.60 19.04 19.24 19.84 20.94 22.00 Total benefits .......................................... 7.14 7.96 8.43 9.07 10.23 10.10 10.59 11.92 11.10 10.32 10.72 12.39 12.18 Paid leave ........................................... 1.71 1.80 1.92 1.95 2.08 2.14 2.32 2.53 2.48 2.72 2.70 2.66 2.81 Supplemental pay ............................... 1.62 1.93 1.87 1.82 2.23 1.83 1.57 2.29 1.64 1.63 2.02 3.13 2.18 Insurance ............................................ 1.62 1.88 2.16 2.46 2.66 2.75 2.88 3.10 2.91 2.49 2.60 2.61 3.02 Retirement and savings ...................... .49 .56 .55 .82 1.02 1.06 1.19 1.36 1.37 1.08 .73 1.02 1.10 Legally required benefits .................... 1.69 1.79 1.90 2.00 2.21 2.30 2.60 2.57 2.66 2.35 2.58 2.83 2.94 Other benefits 2................................... 1() 1( ) .02 .02 .02 .02 .02 .08 .05 .05 .09 .13 .13 Percent of total compensation by year 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ 65.4 64.2 64.6 64.3 62.6 63.9 63.5 60.9 63.2 65.1 64.9 62.8 64.4 Total benefits .......................................... 34.6 35.8 35.4 35.7 37.4 36.1 36.4 39.1 36.8 34.9 35.1 37.2 35.6 Paid leave ........................................... 8.3 8.1 8.1 7.7 7.6 7.6 8.0 8.3 8.2 9.2 8.8 8.0 8.2 Supplemental pay ............................... 7.8 8.7 7.9 7.2 8.2 6.5 5.4 7.5 5.4 5.5 6.6 9.4 6.4 Insurance ............................................ 7.8 8.5 9.1 9.7 9.8 9.8 9.9 10.2 9.7 8.4 8.5 7.8 8.8 Retirement and savings ...................... 2.4 2.5 2.3 3.2 3.7 3.8 4.1 4.5 4.5 3.7 2.4 3.1 3.2 Legally required benefits .................... 8.2 8.1 8.0 7.9 8.1 8.2 9.0 8.4 8.8 7.9 8.4 8.5 8.6 Other benefits 2................................... 3() 3( ) .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .3 .2 .2 .3 .4 .4 1Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.2Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.3Less than .05 percent.Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 202 - Table 22. Private industry, public utilities (SICs 48 and 49), by occupational group:

employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1995-2001 All workers Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... $26.51 $27.12 $26.73 $27.72 $28.72 $30.15 $32.58 Wages and salaries ................................ 17.97 18.30 18.62 19.11 19.72 20.50 21.83 Total benefits .......................................... 8.54 8.82 8.10 8.61 8.99 9.66 10.76 Paid leave ........................................... 2.47 2.51 2.31 2.36 2.52 2.71 2.87 Supplemental pay ............................... .79 .82 .73 .81 .97 1.21 1.64 Insurance ............................................ 2.39 2.49 2.07 2.24 2.23 2.29 2.48 Retirement and savings ...................... .89 .98 .92 1.13 1.07 1.29 1.46 Legally required benefits .................... 1.96 1.96 1.99 1.98 2.06 2.06 2.22 Other benefits 1................................... .04 .06 .07 .08 .14 .11 .09 Percent of total compensation by year 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ 67.8 67.5 69.7 68.9 68.7 68.0 67.0 Total benefits .......................................... 32.2 32.5 30.3 31.1 31.3 32.0 33.0 Paid leave ........................................... 9.3 9.3 8.7 8.5 8.8 9.0 8.8 Supplemental pay ............................... 3.0 3.0 2.7 2.9 3.4 4.0 5.0 Insurance ............................................ 9.0 9.2 7.7 8.1 7.8 7.6 7.6 Retirement and savings ...................... 3.4 3.6 3.4 4.1 3.7 4.3 4.5 Legally required benefits .................... 7.4 7.2 7.5 7.1 7.2 6.8 6.8 Other benefits 1................................... .1 .2 .3 .3 .5 .4 .3 1Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 203 - Table 22. Private industry, public utilities (SICs 48 and 49), by occupational group:

employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1995-2001 -- Continued White-collar occupations Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... $26.55 $26.86 $26.54 $27.57 $28.50 $30.08 $33.01 Wages and salaries ................................ 18.23 18.42 18.74 19.20 19.73 20.71 22.40 Total benefits .......................................... 8.33 8.44 7.80 8.37 8.77 9.37 10.61 Paid leave ........................................... 2.47 2.50 2.27 2.34 2.45 2.70 2.78 Supplemental pay ............................... .72 .66 .60 .67 .86 1.20 1.73 Insurance ............................................ 2.35 2.42 2.00 2.19 2.17 2.25 2.39 Retirement and savings ...................... .85 .92 .89 1.11 1.05 1.05 1.41 Legally required benefits .................... 1.89 1.87 1.96 1.96 2.04 2.04 2.19 Other benefits 1................................... .05 .07 .08 .11 .20 .13 .11 Percent of total compensation by year 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ 68.6 68.6 70.6 69.6 69.2 68.8 67.9 Total benefits .......................................... 31.4 31.4 29.4 30.4 30.8 31.2 32.1 Paid leave ........................................... 9.3 9.3 8.5 8.5 8.6 9.0 8.4 Supplemental pay ............................... 2.7 2.5 2.3 2.4 3.0 4.0 5.2 Insurance ............................................ 8.8 9.0 7.5 7.9 7.6 7.5 7.2 Retirement and savings ...................... 3.2 3.4 3.3 4.0 3.7 3.5 4.3 Legally required benefits .................... 7.1 7.0 7.4 7.1 7.2 6.8 6.6 Other benefits 1................................... .2 .3 .3 .4 .7 .4 .3 1Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 204 - Table 22. Private industry, public utilities (SICs 48 and 49), by occupational group:

employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1995-2001 -- Continued All workers Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... $25.38 $25.92 $24.22 $25.14 $26.15 $27.98 $32.02 Wages and salaries ................................ 17.28 17.61 17.20 17.64 18.18 19.41 21.68 Total benefits .......................................... 8.10 8.31 7.02 7.51 7.97 8.57 10.34 Paid leave ........................................... 2.36 2.42 1.93 2.01 2.18 2.47 2.75 Supplemental pay ............................... .85 .85 .64 .69 .91 1.18 1.63 Insurance ............................................ 2.34 2.46 1.87 2.04 1.98 2.05 2.30 Retirement and savings ...................... .68 .69 .69 .87 .88 .87 1.48 Legally required benefits .................... 1.83 1.82 1.83 1.81 1.90 1.90 2.09 Other benefits 1................................... .05 .07 .06 .09 .12 .10 .09 Percent of total compensation by year 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ 68.1 67.9 71.0 70.2 69.5 69.4 67.7 Total benefits .......................................... 31.9 32.1 29.0 29.9 30.5 30.6 32.3 Paid leave ........................................... 9.3 9.3 8.0 8.0 8.3 8.8 8.6 Supplemental pay ............................... 3.4 3.3 2.6 2.7 3.5 4.2 5.1 Insurance ............................................ 9.2 9.5 7.7 8.1 7.6 7.3 7.2 Retirement and savings ...................... 2.7 2.7 2.8 3.5 3.4 3.1 4.6 Legally required benefits .................... 7.2 7.0 7.5 7.2 7.3 6.8 6.5 Other benefits 1................................... .2 .3 .2 .4 .5 .4 .3 1Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 206 - Table 22. Private industry, communications (SIC 48), by occupational group:

employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1995-2001 -- Continued White-collar occupations Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... $25.03 $25.27 $23.81 $24.69 $25.60 $28.00 $32.15 Wages and salaries ................................ 17.20 17.42 17.07 17.44 17.94 19.49 22.03 Total benefits .......................................... 7.83 7.85 6.74 7.25 7.66 8.51 10.11 Paid leave ........................................... 2.25 2.31 1.89 1.97 2.08 2.45 2.63 Supplemental pay ............................... .84 .73 .56 .61 .85 1.19 1.69 Insurance ............................................ 2.26 2.31 1.77 1.96 1.87 2.02 2.20 Retirement and savings ...................... .65 .67 .64 .81 .82 .83 1.43 Legally required benefits .................... 1.79 1.75 1.81 1.81 1.88 1.91 2.08 Other benefits 1................................... .05 .08 .07 .10 .17 .12 .09 Percent of total compensation by year 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ 68.7 69.0 71.7 70.6 70.1 69.6 68.5 Total benefits .......................................... 31.3 31.0 28.3 29.4 29.9 30.4 31.4 Paid leave ........................................... 9.0 9.1 7.9 8.0 8.1 8.8 8.2 Supplemental pay ............................... 3.3 2.9 2.4 2.5 3.3 4.2 5.3 Insurance ............................................ 9.0 9.1 7.4 7.9 7.3 7.2 6.8 Retirement and savings ...................... 2.6 2.7 2.7 3.3 3.2 3.0 4.4 Legally required benefits .................... 7.1 6.9 7.6 7.3 7.3 6.8 6.5 Other benefits 1................................... .2 .3 .3 .4 .7 .4 .3 1Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 207 - Table 22. Private industry, communications (SIC 48), by occupational group:

employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1995-2001 -- Continued Blue-collar occupations Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... $27.27 $28.12 $26.10 $26.85 $28.11 $28.23 $31.84 Wages and salaries ................................ 18.13 18.49 17.97 18.43 19.14 19.38 20.84 Total benefits .......................................... 9.14 9.63 8.13 8.41 8.98 8.85 11.00 Paid leave ........................................... 2.73 2.77 2.17 2.18 2.50 2.57 3.10 Supplemental pay ............................... .94 1.14 .91 .93 1.07 1.16 1.48 Insurance ............................................ 2.68 2.89 2.25 2.35 2.32 2.17 2.58 Retirement and savings ...................... .77 .76 .85 1.06 1.07 .98 1.64 Legally required benefits .................... 1.99 2.01 1.91 1.85 1.98 1.91 2.13 Other benefits 1................................... .03 .06 .04 .05 .04 .07 .08 Percent of total compensation by year 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ 66.5 65.8 68.8 68.6 68.1 68.7 65.5 Total benefits .......................................... 33.5 34.2 31.2 31.3 31.9 31.3 34.5 Paid leave ........................................... 10.0 9.8 8.3 8.1 8.9 9.1 9.7 Supplemental pay ............................... 3.4 4.1 3.5 3.5 3.8 4.1 4.6 Insurance ............................................ 9.8 10.3 8.6 8.8 8.3 7.7 8.1 Retirement and savings ...................... 2.8 2.7 3.2 3.9 3.8 3.5 5.2 Legally required benefits .................... 7.3 7.1 7.3 6.9 7.0 6.8 6.7 Other benefits 1................................... .1 .2 .1 .2 .1 .2 .3 1Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 208 - Table 22. Private industry, electric, gas, and sanitary services (SIC 49), by occupational group: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1995-2001 -- Continued All workers Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... $28.18 $28.97 $30.64 $32.15 $33.28 $34.22 $33.71 Wages and salaries ................................ 18.99 19.36 20.84 21.64 22.46 22.53 22.11 Total benefits .......................................... 9.20 9.61 9.80 10.51 10.82 11.69 11.60 Paid leave ........................................... 2.65 2.65 2.91 2.98 3.13 3.15 3.10 Supplemental pay ............................... .70 .78 .88 1.00 1.07 1.26 1.66 Insurance ............................................ 2.46 2.54 2.39 2.59 2.69 2.72 2.84 Retirement and savings ...................... 1.21 1.42 1.28 1.58 1.40 2.06 1.42 Legally required benefits .................... 2.15 2.19 2.25 2.28 2.36 2.37 2.47 Other benefits 1................................... .03 .04 .09 .08 .17 .12 .11 Percent of total compensation by year 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ 67.4 66.8 68.0 67.3 67.5 65.8 65.6 Total benefits .......................................... 32.6 33.2 32.0 32.7 32.5 34.2 34.4 Paid leave ........................................... 9.4 9.2 9.5 9.3 9.4 9.2 9.2 Supplemental pay ............................... 2.5 2.7 2.9 3.1 3.2 3.7 4.9 Insurance ............................................ 8.7 8.8 7.8 8.1 8.1 7.9 8.4 Retirement and savings ...................... 4.3 4.9 4.2 4.9 4.2 6.0 4.2 Legally required benefits .................... 7.6 7.6 7.4 7.1 7.1 6.9 7.3 Other benefits 1................................... .1 .1 .3 .2 .5 .4 .3 1Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 209 - Table 22. Private industry, electric, gas, and sanitary services (SIC 49), by occupational group: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1995-2001 -- Continued White-collar occupations Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... $29.91 $30.53 $32.44 $34.00 $35.00 $35.32 $35.60 Wages and salaries ................................ 20.49 20.71 22.35 23.12 23.76 23.78 23.50 Total benefits .......................................... 9.43 9.82 10.08 10.88 11.24 11.53 12.10 Paid leave ........................................... 2.97 2.94 3.09 3.17 3.29 3.30 3.26 Supplemental pay ............................... .47 .51 .70 .80 .87 1.22 1.84 Insurance ............................................ 2.54 2.66 2.49 2.70 2.85 2.85 2.98 Retirement and savings ...................... 1.28 1.48 1.42 1.79 1.58 1.60 1.36 Legally required benefits .................... 2.11 2.16 2.27 2.31 2.39 2.39 2.49 Other benefits 1................................... .05 .06 .12 .11 .27 .16 .18 Percent of total compensation by year 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ 68.5 67.8 68.9 68.0 67.9 67.3 66.0 Total benefits .......................................... 31.5 32.2 31.1 32.0 32.1 32.6 34.0 Paid leave ........................................... 9.9 9.6 9.5 9.3 9.4 9.3 9.2 Supplemental pay ............................... 1.6 1.7 2.1 2.4 2.5 3.5 5.2 Insurance ............................................ 8.5 8.7 7.7 7.9 8.1 8.1 8.4 Retirement and savings ...................... 4.3 4.8 4.4 5.3 4.5 4.5 3.8 Legally required benefits .................... 7.1 7.1 7.0 6.8 6.8 6.8 7.0 Other benefits 1................................... .2 .2 .4 .3 .8 .5 .5 1Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 210 - Table 22. Private industry, electric, gas, and sanitary services (SIC 49), by occupational group: employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, 1995-2001 -- Continued Blue-collar occupations Compensation component Cost per hour worked by year 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... $27.00 $27.91 $28.82 $30.16 $31.53 $33.18 $32.87 Wages and salaries ................................ 17.88 18.40 19.26 20.01 21.11 21.23 21.37 Total benefits .......................................... 9.12 9.51 9.56 10.14 10.42 11.95 11.50 Paid leave ........................................... 2.40 2.44 2.72 2.77 2.98 3.01 3.07 Supplemental pay ............................... .92 1.00 1.10 1.26 1.28 1.28 1.56 Insurance ............................................ 2.40 2.44 2.29 2.48 2.53 2.59 2.82 Retirement and savings ...................... 1.16 1.37 1.13 1.34 1.21 2.63 1.53 Legally required benefits .................... 2.22 2.24 2.25 2.25 2.35 2.36 2.49 Other benefits 2................................... 1( ) .02 .06 .05 .06 .07 .04 Percent of total compensation by year 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total compensation .................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wages and salaries ................................ 66.2 65.9 66.8 66.3 67.0 64.0 65.0 Total benefits .......................................... 33.8 34.1 33.2 33.6 33.0 36.0 35.0 Paid leave ........................................... 8.9 8.8 9.4 9.2 9.5 9.1 9.3 Supplemental pay ............................... 3.4 3.6 3.8 4.2 4.1 3.9 4.7 Insurance ............................................ 8.9 8.7 8.0 8.2 8.0 7.8 8.6 Retirement and savings ...................... 4.3 4.9 3.9 4.4 3.8 7.9 4.7 Legally required benefits .................... 8.2 8.0 7.8 7.5 7.5 7.1 7.6 Other benefits 2................................... 3( ) .1 .2 .2 .2 .2 .1 1Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.2Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.

3Less than .05 percent.Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. - 211 -