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Discussion of Results

Based on the data obtained there is a clear difference between the performance of the gear and centrifugal pumps. Both pumps follow their individual properties in which the gear pump the flow rate is proportional to the pump speed and independent of the discharge pressure. The centrifugal pump is a kinetic pump where the discharge pressure is proportional to the pump speed and independent of the flow rate. These properties will be used to explain data obtain for each pump.

Data was collected two separate times exactly a week apart under slightly different conditions. The first week algae had accumulated inside of the vessel water would be pumped out of. For the gear pump several efficiency values were over one-hundred percent while the centrifugal pump was well below that of standard centrifugal pump, starting below five percent efficiency and no higher than twenty percent. To confirm what we obtained the data was ran again under different circumstances.

On week two, the algae within the tank was cleaned and the change in data was evident. Because of the drastic differences in data and having more realistic calculated efficiencies. It is because of this the data obtained on the second day of testing will be used in the discussion of the results.

Three meters were used to find flow rate through the system. These meters include an ultrasonic flow meter, a rotameter, and an orifice meter which calculates the pressure drop across an orifice. For this experiment and to explain our findings we will be using the rotameter to find our flow rate and to calculate our efficienies. Reasoning behind this is because the rotameter is a physical meter where the flow rate is found visually without any calculations. The thought behind this is during calculations, errors can arise which will give various amounts of error as you carry values through the next calculation. By taking data from direct flow in a rotameter, this will allow less error to arise and less error to be multiplied through in various equations giving us the most accurate values possible.

Gear Pump

As mentioned in paragraph one of this discussion, the gear pump's flow rate is proportional to the pumps speed and is independent of the discharge pressure. A gear pump is a type of positive displacement pump where each revolution of the gears pumps a constant amount of fluid per revolution. As the revolutions per minute (RPM) is increased this will create an increase in volumetric flow in a linear fashion. While the volumetric flow and RPM is increased a general trend of an increase in efficiency is shown in figures 8 and 9. Both relationships in which are a linear relationship.

Centrifugal Pump

Centrifugal pumps are kinetic, in which the discharge pressure is proportional to the pump speed and independent to the flow rate. This characteristic is shown in figure 15 where the RPM of the pump and the discharge pressure run in a linear relationship. The start of the data shows a negative orifice meter pressure reading because of a vacuum that forms at lower volumetric flows. As the volumetric flow increases the orifice meter pressure flips back to a positive reading. It is at that point the data for the centrifugal pump will be analyzed because of the normalized trend observed in the efficiencies after this point. The only exception to this trend is when the control valve on the system is turned a fourth time. This causes a drop in efficiency not seen in other trials (turns one through three) and there is also a considerable drop in volumetric flow visible on the rotameter on the fourth turn, a major drop in pressure across the orifice meter, a discharge pressure increase, and a drop in torqu all playing a part in this drop in efficiency. The most likely explanation to this drop is a drop in pressure head within the pump when the control valve is nearly closed. The centrifugal pump creates a vacuum which allows suction at the inlet and positive pressure at the outlet. This pressure change helps move fluid through the impeller of the pump. If there is a change in the pressure head of the pump while in operation this would explain fluctuations in the overall efficiency of the pump.

http://www.pumped101.com/efficiency.pdf

http://www.rotechpumps.com/what-factors-affect-the-efficiency-of-a-centrifugal-pump