Shining Star 001

Writing Assignment 2 EA P S 100 00 Y01 Planet Earth Online Course – Prof. L Braile Writing Assignment 2 (WA 2) : Writing Assignment 2 should include topics in Chapters 6 through 10 in the textbook . Excep t for the topics, t he instructions for completing Writing Assignment 2 are the same as for Writing Assignment 1 . See the Due Dates file ( on the Course Content area of BB Learn ) for due dates of all assignments . Be sure to read the instructions in the WA 1 assignment. Please pay particular attention to the plagiarism discussion! Suggested topics for Writing Assignment 2 : Statistics of earthquakes Earth’s magnetic field Paleomagnetism Elastic rebound theory The 1906 San Francisco earthquake The Mar. 11, 2011 Japan earthquake Seismographs Locating an earthquake Earthquake magnitude scale Largest historical earthquakes Tsunami Earth’s interior structure Rock deformation Faults N. Anatolian fault (Turkey) Volcanoes Intrusions (batholiths) Hawaii v olcanism The eruption of Mt. St. Helens Calderas Crater Lake volcano Yellowstone volcano Super volcanoes Plateau basalts (flood basalts) Fossils Radiometric dating The geologic time scale Tides Ocean currents Ocean pollution Deep ocean circulation Shoreline processes Black smokers Deep sea trenches The Trieste (Mariana trench, 1960) Marine biology Deep sea drilling August 2016 Italy earthquake Oil spills Suggested topics and Example References (links) for WA 2 : 2 Statistics of earthquakes Brief intro to EQ statistics: http://www.stat.berkeley.edu/~brill/Papers/quakestat.pdf EQ facts and stats in brief: http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eqarchives/year/eqstats.php http://earthquake.usgs.gov/learn/faq/?categoryID=11 Paleomagnetism Basics of paleomagnetism: http://geology.cr.usgs.gov/capabilities/paleom.html List of links to all things geo - and paleo -magnetism: http://www.agu.org/sections/geomag/back ground.html The 1906 San Francisco earthquake In depth look at the 1906 SF EQ: http://earthquake.usgs.gov/regional/nca/1906/18april/index.php Another view of the EQ: http://bancroft.berkeley.edu/collections/earthquakeandfire/index2.html Seismographs Basics of seismographs: http:/ /earthquake.usgs.gov/learn/faq/?categoryID=7 More basic seismographs: http://www.earthquakescanada.nrcan.gc.ca/info -gen/smeters -smetres/seismograph -eng.php Earthquake magnitude scale Intro to EQ magnitude scales: http://eqseis.geosc.psu.edu/~cammon/HTML/Classes/IntroQuakes/Notes/earthquake_size.ht ml Link s to EQ magnitude scale topics at USGS: http://earthquake.usgs.gov/search/?q=scale&x=0&y=0&cx=012856435542074762574%3A4 9ga9ubtoj k&cof=FORID%3A11&sa=Search Tsunami Comprehensive tsunami website: http://www.tsunami.noaa.gov/ 3 Basic overview: http://www.tulane.edu/~sanelson/g eol204/tsunami.htm Rock deformation Basic overview: http://www.tulane.edu/~sanelson/geol111/deform.htm http://web.eps.utk.edu/~faculty/tennmaps/lectures/TennMaps_Structure.pdf N. Anatolian fault (Turkey) Very brief intro: http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/tamam/tamam -background/the -north - anatolian -fault A paper on fault activity since 1939: http://www.ipgp.fr/~armijo/paraseminario/Stein -97.pdf Intrusions (batholiths) Intrusion terms: http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/LivingWith/VolcanicPast/Notes/plutons.html Basics of plutons and batholiths:

http://www.pitt.edu/~cejones/GeoImages/3IntrusiveBodies/1Plutons.html Case study: http://imnh.isu.edu/digitalatlas/geo/bathlith/bathdex.htm http://abacus.bates.edu/acad/depts/geology/jcreasy.WM.html The eruption of Mt. St. Helens Intro to Mt. St. Helens eruptions: http://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2000/fs036 -00/ Erup tion history pre -1980: http://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2005/3045/ Brief info and stats: http://www.volcano.si.edu/world/volcano.cfm?vnum=1201 -05- Crater Lake volcano Basic info: http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/Volcanoes/CraterLake/description_crater_lake.html Brief intro and stats: http://www.volcano.si.edu/world/volcano.cfm?vnum=1202 -16 - Super volcanoes Basics: http://volcanoes.usgs.gov/volcanoes/yel lowstone/yellowstone_sub_page_49.html Topic intro: http://www.nasa.gov/topics/earth/features/2012 -superVolcano.html Fossils 4 Intro to paleontology: http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evosite/history/fossils.shtml Links to a variety of resources: http://www.paleoportal.org/ The geologic time scale Intro: http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/help/timeform.php History of the geologic timescale: http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/exhibit/histgeoscale.html Intro with timescale of life development:

http://www.uky.edu/KGS/education/geologictimescale.pdf Earth’s magnetic field Brief intro: http://science.nasa.gov/science -news/science -at-nasa/2003/29dec_magneticfield/ Discussion on effects of magnetic field:

http://www.esa.int/esaSC/SEMX WW7YBZG_index_0.html Elastic rebound theory Brief intro to Reid’s ERT: http://earthquake.usgs.gov/regional/nca/1906/18april/reid.php http://peer.berkeley.edu/course_modules/eqrd/EQDef/eqdef2.htm ER on a strike -slip fault: http://www.iris.edu /hq/files/programs/education_and_outreach/aotm/4/StrikeSlipRebound_B ACKGROUND.pdf The Mar. 11, 2011 Japan earthquake Basics: http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/rec enteqsww/Quakes/usc0001xgp.php Brief details of EQ: http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/hazard/tsunami/pdf/2011_0311.pdf Locating an earthquake How EQs are located: http://www.mgs.md.gov/seismics/edu/no6.pdf http://earthquake.usgs.gov/learn/faq/index.php?categoryID=2&faqID=118/index.html Larg est historical earthquakes USGS lists (select location for more detail):

http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/world/10_largest_world.php 5 http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eqarchives/year/byyear.php Earth’s interior structure Basic look at Crust, Mantle, and Core: http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/inter ior/ Brief look at tomography techniques used to gather information on earth’s interior:

http://www.iris.edu/hq/files/programs/education_and _outreach/aotm/7/SeismicTomography_ Background.pdf Faults Brief overview: http://www.see.leeds.ac.uk/structure/faults/ Basics of faults and related topics: http://scign.jpl.nasa.gov/learn/plate6.htm More basics: http://pages.uoregon.edu/millerm/faults.html Volcanoes Detailed look at volcanoes and related topics:

http://www.geology.sdsu.edu/how_volcanoes_work/ Stats and general info: http://volcano.oregonstate.edu/volcano_table Types: http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/volc/types.html Hawaii volcanism Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, a database of volcanism info: http://hvo.wr.usgs.gov/ Kilauea status reports, updates, and info re leases: http://hvo.wr.usgs.gov/activity/kilaueastatus.php General info about Hawaiian shield volcanoes:

http://www.soest.hawaii.e du/GG/HCV/haw_volc.html Calderas Intro to calderas: http://www.geology.sdsu.edu/how_volcanoes_work/Calderas.html Basics on caldera formation and caldera examples:

http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/Glossary/Caldera/description_caldera.html Yellowstone volcano National Parks Service FAQ: http: //www.nps.gov/yell/naturescience/volcanoqa.htm 6 Brief geology and history:

http://volcanoes.usgs.gov/volcanoes/yellowstone/yellowstone_geo_hist_52.html Plateau bas alts (flood basalts) Basics of flood basalts: http://www.geolsoc.org.uk/gsl/education/flood_basalts_1 More basics with info on specific examples: http://volcano.oregonstate.edu/flood -basalts Siberian Flood Basalts: http://siberia.mit.edu/ Radiometric dating Intro to radiometric time scale : http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/geotime/radiometric.html Principles of radiometric dating:

http://www.tulane.edu/~sanelson/eens211/radiometric_dating.htm Ocean currents Ocean currents and climate — types, forces, and paleocurrents: http://earth.usc.edu/~stott/Catalina/Oceans.html Basics of currents — types, measurement, and affects on humans (menu options at rig ht): http://oceanservice.noaa.gov/education/tutorial_currents/ Ocean pollution Intro to ocean pollution types:

http://seawifs.gsfc.nasa.gov/OCEAN_PLANET/HTML/peril_pollution1.html Basics of ocean pollution (see menu left for more):

http://wwf.panda.org/about_our_earth/blu e_planet/problems/pollution/ Deep ocean circulation Intro to thermohaline circulation: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/ctl/thc.html Thermohaline circ, global conveyor belt, and affects of climate change: http://oceanservice.noaa.gov/education/tutorial_currents/05conveyor1.html A paper describing deep ocean circ in more detail:

http://cdiac.ornl.gov/oceans/glodap/glodap_pdfs/Thermohaline.web.pdf Shoreline processes Intro to coastal geology (see link to coast processes) : http://www.nature.nps.gov/views/kcs/coastalg/html/ET_Intro.htm 7 Shoreline processes and evolution of coastal landscape: http://www.tulane.edu/~geol113/COASTAL -PROCESSES -1a.htm Black smokers Intro to black smokers: http://www.ceoe.udel.edu/kiosk/blacksmoker.html Mid -ocean ridge setting of hydrothermal vents: http://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/05galapagos/background/mid_ocean_ridge/mid_o cean_ridge.html More detail on black smokers: http://www.mbari.org/volcanism/Ridge/R -Hydrothermal.htm Deep sea trenches Basic info: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oceanic_trench Mariana Trench: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mariana_Trench The Trieste (Mariana trench, 1960) Brief history/account of the Trieste: http://www.expeditions.udel.edu/extreme0 8/tools/trieste.html Don Walsh describes the trip to the Mariana Trench: http://spectrum.ieee.org/geek - life/profiles/don -walsh -descr ibes -the -trip -to-the -bottom -of-the -mariana -trench Marine biology List of marine biology resources by type: http://www.mbari.org/topics/biology/bio -main.htm List of facts about marine biology : http://seawifs.gsfc.nasa.gov/OCEAN_PLANET/HTML/education_marine_life_factsheet.htm l Student resources for marine bio info (click links): http://biology.jbpub.com/marine10e/ Deep sea drilling Website of the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (see menu links): http://www.iodp - usio.org/About/default.html Basic intro to the drilling program: http://www.oceanleadership.org/programs -and - partnerships/scientific -ocean -drilling/inte grated -ocean -drilling -program/ Oil spills EPA response to oil spills: http://www.epa.gov/oilspill/ 8 Basic intro to issues: http: //oceanworld.tamu.edu/resources/oceanography -book/oilspills.htm Tides Brief intro to ocean tides: http://www.onr.navy.mil/focus/ocean/motion/tides1.htm http://oceanservice.noaa.gov/education/kits/tides/tides02_cause.html