perfecto

Running head ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY 0

Annotated Bibliography

Gordon Lu (Guo)

ICC 471

Dixon, J., Durrheim, K., & Tredoux, C. (2005). Beyond the optimal contact strategy: a reality check for the contact hypothesis. American Psychologist, 60(7), 697.

Dovidio, J. F., Kawakami, K., & Gaertner, S. L. (2002). Implicit and explicit prejudice and interracial interaction. Journal of personality and social psychology, 82(1), 62.

In this article, the authors discuss the contact theory that argues that contact between people between diverse groups normally assists in reducing the intergroup prejudice, but only in ideal conditions. The authors continue to criticize some research practices have been dominant in this field including the prioritization of the research of relations between rarefied circumstances. They also criticized the reformulation of lay considerations of contact in regards to a generic typology of perfect circumstances. Thirdly, they criticized the utilization of swings in individual predisposition as the key measure of outcome. According to Dixon et al., these practices have restricted the contact theory in terms of explaining the intergroup dynamics and as an outline for upholding social psychological modifications. According to the criticism offered by the authors of this article, the implications of their findings are that optimal contact strategy inclines to omit the inconsistency between the real and model forms of interactions and thus to discharge social psychologists of their accountability for illuminating and overpowering the inconsistency. The authors continue to suggest that research on the subject needs to be focused on the messy realities of life and the deeply divided areas of the daily life.

The article points out clearly that interaction between people from different regions assists in reducing intergroup prejudice, however, the lack of comprehensive information about the kinds of normal interactions, social psychologists cannot start to comprehend the wider inferences of reconciliation in a given culture. Additionally, with their limited information and data, they cannot formulate realistic programs of social intervention. I agree with the author’s interpretations because from the criticism offered by the authors in the article it is evident that ongoing reliance on the ideal contact approach implies that interaction research will remain to be in need of a certainty check. Additionally, the study of interaction under perfect circumstances will remain to hide the practices that hinder the apprehensions of the settings. The article is relevant to this research because it provides peer-reviewed information about the subject.

In this article, the authors discuss the concepts of implicit racial relations and the explicit racial associations. According to Dovidio et al. (2002), attitudes play a critical role by individually organizing the situation and placing perceivers to things and people in the environments. In this research, the authors designed to extend the concept on implicit racial approaches by studying their role in prompting the actions of whites during multicultural communications as well as influencing impersonations formed by white and black people interrelating. The study was conducted selecting at random 25 female and 15 make white undergraduates from a pool of 143 potential candidates. The procedure of the research involved two tasks; a decision assignment, which evaluated implicit racial approaches and a second task that involved an examination of acquaintance development, which observed white performances, and the impressions of blacks and whites in their communications. According to Dovidio et al., the results of this research was that the white participant's self-reported ethnic arrogances projected as in their verbal conduct to Black about white partners. Additionally, explicit attitudes projected the level of approachability Whites felts that they have performed towards whites partners as compared to black partners.

The article is informative in that it taught me that by examining implicit racial approaches in details can lead to conflicting impressions formed by black and white participants. Additionally, this more inclusive understanding of how biases of whites influence intergroup and relational processes can assist in informing blacks and whites of the existence of their different opinions. It can also help them to acknowledge the ways unplanned prejudices can affect race associations. This article provides reliable information to include in the research about differences in opinions. Additionally, the concept of prejudices of whites and other cultures in shaping interpersonal and intergroup processes can be utilized to understand the core of organizations.