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IEEE Editorial Style Manual This style manual provides editorial guidelines for IE EE Tran saction s, Journals, and Letters. For spelling reference, IEEE Publications uses Webster’s College Dictionary, 4 th Edition. For guidance on grammar and usage not included in this manual, please consult The Chicago Manual of Style, published by the University of Chicago Press.

IEEE Transactions Editing Philosophy The IEEE’s responsibility in editing papers for the Tr ansact io ns is not to make any determination on or do any editing of the technical content of the papers we work with, but is instead to render the work as readable, grammatically correct, and as consistent with IEEE style as possible.

Since we are concerned with style mainly in the sens e of IEEE house style, we do not try to change an author’s style of writing. We do a mechanical edit to correct or question grammatical errors, obvious inconsistencies or omissions, spelling, and punctuation. Since we work with highly technical text, we also do extensive formatting of mathematical material.

Parts of a Paper Paper Title In the paper title, capitalize the first letter of the first and last word and all the nouns, pronouns, adjectives, ver b s, adverbs, and subordinating conjunctions (If, Because, That, Which). Capitalize abbreviations that are otherwise lowercase (e.g., use DC, not dc or Dc) except for unit abbreviations and acronyms. Articles ( a, an, the), coordinating conjunctions ( and, but, for, or, nor), and most short prepositions are lowercase unless they are the first or last word. Prepositions of more than three letters ( Before, Through, With, Without, Versus, Among, Under, Between ) should be capitalized. First Footnote The first footnote is made up of three paragraphs. This footnote is not numbered. All other footnotes in the paper are numbered consecutively.

The first paragraph contains the received an d (possibly) revised dates of the paper. When a paper has more than one revised date, list all the dates given.

The second paragraph is made up of the authors’ affiliations . For two or more authors with different affiliations, use separate sentences and pa ragraphs for each, using all initials with a surname. Group the authors with the same affiliation together; list the affiliations accor ding to the order of the authors in the byline.

The third or final paragraph lists the Digital Object Ide n tifier (DOI) number, assigned by the IEEE.

All financial support for the work in the paper is listed next to the first paragraph and not in the Ack n owledgment at the end of the paper.

Body of a Paper Abstract Every published paper must contain an Abstract. Abstracts appear in text in boldface type. By nature, Abst racts s h all not contain numbered mathematical equations or numbered references.

Index Terms All papers must contain Index Terms as provided by the authors. A list of keywords is available by sending a blank em ail to [email protected] . Index Terms appear in boldface type as in the Abstract, in alphabetical order, and as a final paragraph of the Abstract. Acronyms are defined in Index Terms if they are defined in the paper. Nomenclature Nomenclature lists (lists of symbols and definitions ) gene rally follow the Abstract and Index terms and precede the Introduction.

Text Section Headings Standard specifications have been established for Trans actions text section headings. There are four levels of section headings with established specifications: primary; secondary; tertiary; and quaternary heads.

Enumeration of section heads is desirable, but not required . The author’s preference may be followed.

However, the choice must be consistent throughout the paper.

Primary headings are enumerated by R oman numerals and centered above the text.

Secondary headings are enum erated by capital letters followed by followed by periods, flush left, upper and lower case, and italic.

Tertiary hea dings are enumerated by Arabic numerals followed by parentheses. They are indented one em, and run into the text in their sections, italic, upper and lower case, and followed by a colon. Quaternary headings are identical to tertiary h ead ings, except that they are indented two ems, lower case letters are used as labels, and only the first letter of the heading is capitalized.

Reference and Acknowledgment headings are u nlike all other section headings in text. They are never enumerated. They are simply primary headings without labels, regardless of whether the other headings in the papers are enumerated.

Appendix headings are a special case. T he primary heading(s) in the Appendix or Appendixes (note spelling of plural) are set acco rding to the usual style, except that ther e is flexibility in the enumeration of the heading. The author may use Roman numerals as heading numbers (Appendix I) or letters (Appendix A). The Appendix heading is not preceded by a Roman numeral. If there is only one Appendix in the paper, the Appendix heading is unnumbered and unnamed.

Text Equations Equations within a paper are numbered consecutively from the beginning of the paper to the end. There are so me Tr ansactions in which the author’s own numbering syst em, such as numbering by section, e.g., (1.1), (1.2.1), (A1), is permitted.

Acknowledgment The placement of the Acknowle dgment appears after the fi nal text of the pa per, just before the References section, an d after any Appendix(es).

When citing names within the Acknowledgment, use first initials only, not full names. Do not use Mr., Mrs., Ms., or Miss (list first in itial an d last name only). Use the Dr. or Prof. title with each name separately; do not use plural Drs. or Profs. with lists of names.

All acknowledgment of financial support must be removed from the Acknowledgment section, and placed in the first para gra ph of the first footnote.

Write the Acknowledgment section to be read in the third person.

References The numbering of references is employed by citing one re ference per num ber. Every reference in a Transactions reference list should be a separate number entry. Use of one reference number to designate a group of references is not allowed.

Text Citation of Figures and Tables All citations of figure and tables in text must be in numerical order. Citations to figures in text always carry the abbreviation “Fi g.” followed by the figure number. Th e abbreviation is used even when it begins a sentence.

Biographies IEEE Transactions’ author biographies are generally divide d into t hree paragraphs.

The first par agraph begins with the author’s full name and I EEE membership history. If provided by the author, the first paragraph may contain a place and/or the date of birth. Next, the author’s educational background is listed. Use lower case for the author’s major field of st udy. Always use the word “degree” after a degree title.

Include the years the degrees were received. Abbreviatio ns for common international and domestic degrees are:

Dipl.Ing., Diplom-Physiker, Dr. ing., dr. Phil., Dr. Eng., B. S., S.B., B.A., A.B., B.Sc. (Hons.), B.S.E., B.E.E., M.Eng., M.S.(tech.), M.S.E.E., M.S.E., Civilingenir, Lic.es Sci., Lic.es Lett.

The second parag raph should list work and military experience, including summer and fellow jobs and consultant positions. Job titles are capitalized. The curren t job must have a location. Previous positions may be listed without a location. List author affiliations with non-IEEE journals. List the author’s current and previous fields of interest. Do not repeat the author’s na me in the second paragraph; use “he” or “she”.

The third pa ragraph begins with the author’s title and last name (e.g., Dr. Smith, Prof. Jones, Mr. Hunter, Ms. Taylor). It lists the author’s membership in professional societies other than IEEE and his or her status as a Professional Engineer. Finally, list awards and work for IEEE committees and publications. Personal notes such as hobbies are excluded.

If no photograph is available or the Transactions does not require them, the biography is set across one column .

If no biography is available, a squib is used. For example:

James A. Author (S’xx—M’xx), photograph a nd biography not available at time of publication. Other Text Footnotes Footnotes should be numbered in consecutive or de r thro ughout the text. The footnote numbers are superscripts in text and in the actual footnotes. In text, place the superscript footnote numbers after the punctuation such as periods, commas, and parentheses, but before colons, dashes, quotation marks, and semicolons in a compound sentence. The footnotes should be placed at the bottom of the text column in which they are cited.

List in Text The ordering of labeling for all lists is 1), 2) , 3) followed b y a), b), c), and then i), ii), iii).

An example of a run-in list is as follows.

The carrier—phonon interaction matrices are given by: 1) polar optical phonons; 2) deformation potential o p tical phon ons; and 3) piezoelectric acoustic phonons.

Other Types of Papers Brief Papers are set up as full-length papers, except that the paper title is set in 16-point typeface. These pape rs d o contain Abstracts, but do not contain biographies and photographs of the authors.

Short Papers, Correspondences, and Communications are set up like full-length papers, except that usually they are 9-point typeface. The se papers do contain Abstracts, but do not contain biographies and photographs of the authors.

Comments and Replies are generally published together in that the “Author’s Reply” is in response to the C o mments. The “Comments” is in response to a previously published paper. These short items may appear with or without an Abstract. Begin the first sentence with, “In the above paper [1], …” The reference, the commented paper’s citation, is the firs t reference in the References section of the Comments.

Obituaries/In Memoriam ma y carry a photo of the person being memorialized. The name of the person appears above the photograph. The photograph is generally centered above the text. The years of birth and death are generally cited at the bottom of the photo within parentheses.

Editiorial Style for Transactions The following provides a summary of the most important style distinctions to be made in the final copy of a Tran sact i ons paper.

Acronyms Define acronyms the first time they appear in the Abst ract as well as th e first time they appear in the body of the paper, written out as part of the sentence, followe d by the acronym in parentheses. If the acronym is not repeated in the Abstract, do not include the acronym in parentheses. Coined plurals or plurals of acronyms do not take the apostrophe (e.g., FETs). Possessive forms of the acronym do take the apostrophe (e.g., CPU’s speed).

Indefinite articles are assigned to abbreviations to fit the so und of the first letter (e.g., an FCC regulation; a BRI).

Trademarks The trademark symbol, TM, C, R, is not used. Capitalize the first letter in the trademark only.

Plurals Plurals of units of measure usually do not take the “s”. For example, the plural form of 3 mil is 3 mil, but 3 b its/s in stead of 3 bit/s. Plural forms of calendar years do not take the apostr ophe (e.g., 1990s). To avoid confusion, plural forms of variables in math do take the apostrophe (e.g., x’s).

The En, Em, or Two-Em Dash The en dash represents the words “to,” “through,” or “and.” Use it between page numbers (e.g., pp. 5–10), ref erence numbers (e.g., [5]–[10]), figure citations, (e.g., Figs. 2–4), academic years (e.g., 1996–1999), proper nouns (Bose–Einstein theory), a range of values (e.g., 10–20 cm), or for opposites (e.g., in–out). Also use the en dash in chemical abbreviations such as Ni–Al–Si. When using the en dash to represent a range, if the word “from” is used, the word “to” must be used rather than an en dash (e.g., from 5 to 50 times). The em dash is used to highlight a parenthetical phrase in a sentence (e.g., “An FIB modifies a surface by sputtering with energetic ions—usually Ga for technical reasons— in a beam with half-width of the order of 10 nm.” ).

Math 1) Variab les are set in italic; vectors and matrices are usually boldface italic.

2) Remove commas around variables in text.

3) Always add a zero before decimals, but do not add after (e.g., 0.25).

4) Spell out units in text without quantities (e.g ., where th e noise is given in decibels).

5) Numbers and units used as compound adjectives should be hyphenated only if needed for clarity (e.g., 10 - kV voltage; 5-in-thick glass).

6) Use thin spaces (instead of a comma) between numbers in tens or hundreds of thousands (e.g., 60 000, 10 0 000, but 4000).

7) Use zeroth, first, nth, ( k+1 )t h, not 0 th, 1 st, 2 nd, 99 th, n th , (k + 1)st.

8) Use the word “equation” at the start of a sentence only, but in text just use the number [e.g., in (1)], unl ess describing an equation, e.g., see “Darlington equation (1).” 9) The slash is us ed in place of the word “per” when it leads to the clarity of the sentence (e.g., the ratio of 16 samples/s to 35 samples/s as compared to…).

10) Use “indices” instead of “indexes” when referring to subscripts.

11 ) Plural variables have an “’s”. Ellip ses Ellipses may be used to show continuation in an expression (e.g., x _2,… x_ 16) . The type of mathematical expression will determine whether the ellipses are on the baseline or centered.

Conditions In displayed equations, there should be a comma or parenthe ses and a two-em space between the main expression and the condition following it. For example, X=yn^{-2} , for all n=3 X=yn^{-2}, Vn=3 X=yn^{-2}, if n=3 -y ^{-4 } X=yn^{-2}, y3,…,m NOT E: T here is no comma before a “for all” (V) symbol.

Compound Units Compound units should be separated by a multidot (e.g., 4 V·s). Parentheses may be used to clarify a unit:

g /( c m·s) or g·cm^{-1}·s^{-1}.

Use of Period and Commas Equations that conclude a sentence should end with a period. The only time punctuation is used to lead into an equat i on when the lead-in text is a complete sentence. Example:

where we had the following:

x=Y+Z .

or, where, i.e., x=Y+Z.

Commas appearing at the ends of equations are deleted unl ess they a r e critical to the punctuation of the sentence containing the equation.

Displayed Equations Certain types of material in displayed equations are automatically italic. Some simple general rules apply.

All va riab les are italic. (e.g., x, y, n). Function names and abbreviations are Roman (sin, cos, sinc, sinh), as are units or unit abbreviations (e.g., deg, Hz,) complete words (e.g., in, out), and abbreviations of words (e.g., max, min), or acronyms (e.g., SNR). Single letter supe rscripts and subscripts may be italic even if they are abbreviations, unless this leads to inconsistency between italic and roman characters for similar types of subscripts.

Rules of Grammar The principles of style given below aim to concentrat e on t h e fundamentals of modern usage. Particular emphasis is given to the rules most commonly violated.

1) Form the possessive singular of nouns by adding ’s.

2) In a series of three or more terms, use a comma after each term except the last.

3) Enclose parenthetic expressions between commas.

4) Use the semicolon, not the comma, to separate two complete sentences which form a compound sentence .

5) Use a col on after an independent clause to introduce a list.

6) Punctuation always goes inside the quotation mark, except for the colon and semicolon.

7) Do not use double parentheses in text expression, but keep them in math.

8) All acronyms and numerical plurals do not use apostrophes.

9) Compound nouns made from a one-syllable verb and a short adverb are one word when found that way in th e dictionary.

10) A pair of words, modifying a third word separately, does not get a hyphen.

11 ) A h yphen is not used after the comparative or the superlative.

12 ) Do not use c ommas between adjectives.

13 ) Do not hyphenate pre dicate adjectives.

14 ) Co mpound verbs are generally hyphenated. EDITING REFERENCES A. Citing References References in Text: Ref erences need not b e cited i n the text . W hen they are, they appear on th e lin e, in squar e brackets, inside the punctuation . Grammatically, they may be treated as if they were footnote numbers, e.g., as shown by B rown [4], [5 ]; as mentioned ear lier [2 ], [4 ]–[7] , [9]; Sm ith [4 ] and Brown and Jones [5 ]; W ood et al. [7] NOTE: Use et al . when three or more names are given.

or as nouns: as demonstrated in [3]; according to [4] and [6]–[9].

References Within a Reference: Check the r eference list for ibid. or op. cit. Thes e ref er to a previou s ref erence and should be elim inated fro m the referen ce section. In t ext, rep eat the ear lier ref erence nu mber and renu mber the referen ce section accordingly. If the ibid. gives a new page number, or other information, use the following forms:

[3, Th. 1]; [3, Lemma 2]; [3, p p. 5-10]; [3, eq. (2)] ; [3, Fig. 1]; [3, Appendix I]; [3, Sec. 4.5 ]; [3, Ch. 2, pp. 5-10]; [3, Algorithm 5 ].

NOTE: Editing of references may entail careful renumberin g of referenc es, as well as the citations in text.

B. Style Reference numbers are set flush left and for m a column of th ei r own, h anging out beyond the body of the reference.

The r eference numbers ar e o n the line, enclosed in squar e brackets. In all refer ences, t he gi ven nam e of t he au thor or editor is abbrev iated to the initial only and precedes t he last name. Use co mmas around Jr., Sr., and III i n names. If there are man y names, use the m a ll; use et al. only if na mes are n ot giv en. Note that when c iting IEEE Tr ansactions, if the month i s not avail able, t he n umber may be kept , al though i t is nor mally del eted. Keep t he day of t he month when referencing a patent. Referen ces may not in clude all information; please obtain and include relevant information. Do not combine ref erences. Ther e must b e only on e ref erence w ith ea ch nu mber. If th ere is a URL included with th e pr int reference, it can be included at the end of the reference.

Periodicals Prior to 1988, the volume number of IEEE Transactions/Journals carri ed the acrony m of the journal. For example, an issue of th e IEEE T RANSACTIONS ON AUTOMATIC CONTROL would read: IEEE Trans. Automat. Contr., vol. AC-26, pp.

1–34, Jan. 1981. When referencing IEEE Transactions, the issue number should be deleted and month carried.

NOTE: The o nly ex ception to th is ru le is P ROCEEDINGS OF THE I EEE, which nev er carr ied an acronym on th e masthead.

Basic Format:

[1] J. K. Aut hor, “Nam e of paper,” Abbrev. Title of Periodical , vol. x, no. x, pp. xxx-xxx, Abbrev. Month, year.

Examples:

[1] R. E. K alman, “New resu lts in lin ear filt ering and predi ction t heory,” J. Basic Eng., ser. D, vol . 83, pp. 95-108, Mar. 1961.

[2] J. U. Buncombe, “Infrared navigation—Part I: Theory,” IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst ., vol. AES-4, pp. 352– 377, Sept. 1944.

[3] ____, “Infrared navi gati on—Part II: An assessment of feasi bility,” IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. , vol. AES - 4, pp. 588–613, Nov. 1944.

[4] H. Eri ksson an d P. E. Dani elsson, “Two pro blems on B oolean memories,” IEEE Trans. Elec tron. Devices, vol.

ED-11, pp. 32–33, Jan. 1959.

[5] F. Aronowit z, “Theory of traveling-wave optical maser,” Phys. Rev., vol. 134, pp. A635–A646, Dec. 8, 1965.

[6] Ye. V. Lavrova, “Geograph i c distribution of ionospheric disturbances i n the F2 lay er,” Tr. IZMIRAN, vo l. 19, no. 29, pp. 31–43, 1961 (Transl.: E. R. Hope, D irectorate of Sc ientific Infor mation Serv ices, D efence Resear ch Board of Canada, Rep. T384R, Apr. 1963).

[7] E. P. W i gner, “On a modification of t he R ayleigh–Schrodinger per turbation theory,” (i n G erman), Math.

Naturwiss. Anz. Ungar. Akad. Wiss., vol. 53, p. 475, 1935.

[8] E. H. Miller, “A not e on ref lector arr ays,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag... , t o be pub lished.*** Always use this style when the paper has been accepted or scheduled for a future publication, i.e., do not use “to appear in.”*** [9] C. K. Kim, “Effect of gamma rays on plasma,” submitted for publication. *** Alw ays use this style when the paper has not yet been accepted or scheduled for publ ication, i.e., do not use “to appear in.”*** [10] W. R afferty, “Ground ant ennas in NASA’s deep sp ace telecommunications,” Proc. IE EE vol . 82, pp. 6 36-640, May 1994.

[11] J. S. Turner, “New directions in communications,” IEEE J. Select. Areas Commun., vol. 13, pp. 11-23, Jan. 1995.

[12] L. T. Wu et a l., “Real-time analytic sensitivity method for transient security assessment and prevent control,” Proc.

Inst. Elect. Eng., vol . 135, pt . C, pp. 107-117, Mar. 1988. ***Authors may refer to this journal as Proc. IEE, but the abbreviation must be as listed above. Proc. IEE is printed in the U.K. and must not be confused with the Proc. IEEE.*** [13] Special Issue on Artificial Neural Network Applications, Proc. IEEE , vol . 84, pp. 1353-1576, Oct. 1996.

Article Referred to in the Same Issue:

[1] R. U. Aslip, “S urface and leaky wave antennas,” IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I, vol. 30, pp. 545–546, Jan. 2000.

NOTE: Handle it exactly as you would any other reference.

Books Basic Format:

[1] J. K. Author, “Titl e of chap ter in the book,” in Title of His Published Book, x th ed. City of Publisher, Country if not USA: Abbrev. of Publisher, year, ch. x, sec. x, pp. xxx–xxx.

Examples:

[1] B. K laus and P. Horn, Robot Visi on. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1986.

[2] L. Stein, “Random patterns,” in Co mputers and You, J. S. Brake, Ed. New York: Wiley, 1994, pp. 55-70.

[3] R. L. My er, “Param etric oscillators and nonlinear m aterials,” in Non linear Optics, vo l. 4, P. G. Harper and B . S.

Wherret, Eds. San Francisco, CA: Academic, 1977, pp. 47-160.

[4] M. Abram owitz and I. A. Stegun, Eds., Handbook of Mat hematical Functions (Appli ed Mathematics Series 55).

Washington, DC: NBS, 1964, pp. 32-33.

[5] E. F. M oore, “Gedanken- experiments on sequenti al machines,” in Automata Studies ( Ann. of M athematical Studies, no. 1), C. E. Shannon and J. McCarthy, Eds. Princeton, NJ: Princeton Univ. Press, 1965, pp. 129-153.

[6] Westinghouse Electric Corporation (St aff of T echnol ogy and Science, Aerospace D iv.), Integrated Electronic Systems. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1970.

[7] M. Gork ii, “Op timal d esign,” Dokl. Akad.

Nauk SSSR, vol. 1 2, pp. 111-122, 1961 (Transl .: in L. Pon tryagin, Ed., The Mathematical Theory of Optimal Processes. New York: Interscience, 1962, ch. 2, sec. 3, pp. 127-135).

[8] G. O. Young, “Sy n t hetic structure of industrial p lastics,” in Plastics, vol. 3, Polymers of Hexadromicon , J. Peters, Ed., 2nd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1964, pp. 15-64.

Reports The general form for citing technical reports is to place th e nam e and location of t he company or institution after the author and title and to give the report numb er and date at the end of the reference.

Basic Format:

[1] J. K. Author, “Titl e of report,” Abbrev. Name of Co., City of Co., Abbrev. State, Rep. xxx, year.

Examples:

[1] E. E. Reber, R .

L. Mi chell, and C. J. Carter, “Oxygen absorption in the earth’s atmosphere,” Aerospace C orp., Los Angeles, CA, Tech. Rep. TR-0200 (4230-46)-3, Nov. 1988.

[2] J. H. Davis and J. R . C ogdell, “Calibration program for th e 16-foot antenna,” Elect . Eng. Res. Lab., Un iv. Texas, Austin, Tech. Memo. NGL-006-69-3, Nov. 15, 1987.

[3] R. E. Haskell a nd C. T. C ase, “Tran s ient signal propagation in lossless isotropic plasmas,” USAF Cambridge Res.

Labs., Cambridge, MA, Rep. ARCRL-66-234 (II), 1994, vol. 2.

[4] M. A. B rusberg and E. N. C lark, “Inst allation, operati on, and dat a eval uation of an obl ique-incidence ionosphere sounder sy st em,” in “R adio Pr opagation Characteristics of the W ashington-Honolulu Pat h,” St anford Res. Inst., Stanford, CA, Contract NOBSR-87615, Final Rep., Feb. 1995, vol. 1.

[5] P. Dia ment, S. L. Richer t, and W . L. Lupatkin, “V-lin e surf ace-wave rad iation and scann ing,” Dept. E lect. Eng., Co lumbia Univ., New York, Sci. Rep. 85, Aug. 1991.

Handbooks Basic Format:

[1] Name of Manual/Handbook , x ed., Abbrev. N a me of Co., City of Co., Abbrev. State, year, pp. xxx-xxx.

Examples:

[1] Transmission Syst ems for Communications, 3rd ed., Western Electric Co., Winston-Salem, NC, 1985, pp. 44–60.

[2] Motorola Semiconductor Data Manual , M otorola Semiconductor Products Inc., Phoenix, AZ, 1989.

[3] RCA Receiving Tube Manual , R adio C orp. of A merica, El ectronic Com ponents and Dev ices, Harr ison, NJ, Tech .

Ser. RC-23, 1992.

Published Conference Proceedings The gen eral form for citi ng co nference proceedings is to list the au thor and title of t he pap er, fo llowed by t he name (and locat i on, if given) of the conference in italics using these standard abbreviations.

Annals Annual Colloquium Conference Congress Convention Digest Exposition International Meeting National Proceedings Record Symposium Technical Digest Technical Paper Workshop Ann. Annu. Colloq. Conf. Congr. Conv. Dig. Expo. Int. Meeting Nat. Proc. Rec. Symp. Tech. Dig. Tech. Paper Workshop First Second Third Fourth/ nth...

1st 2nd 3rd 4th/ nth...

Write out all the remaining words, but omit most articles and prepositions like “of the” and “on.” That is, Proceed ings o f the 1996 Robotics and Automation Conference becomes Proc. 1996 Robotics and Automation Conf. NOTE: All published conference or proceed ings papers ha ve page numbers.

Basic Format:

[1] J. K. Aut hor, “Titl e of paper ,” i n Unabbreviated Name of Conf. , City of Conf., Abbrev. St ate (i f g iven), year, pp. xxx-xxx.

Examples:

[1] G. R . Fau lhaber, “Desi gn of service systems w ith pri ority reservati on,” i n Conf. Rec. 1995 IEEE Int. Con f.

Communications , pp. 3–8. *** If the year is given in the conference title, it may be omitted from the end of the reference as shown here.*** [2] S. P. Bingulac, “On the compatibility of adaptive controllers,” in Proc. 4th An nu. Allerton Conf. Circuit and System Theory, New York, 1994, pp. 8–16.

[3] W. D. Do yle, “Magnetization reversal in films with biaxial anisotropy,” in 1987 Proc. IN TERMAG Conf., pp. 2.2- 1–2.2-6.

[4] C. T. Meadow and D. W. Waugh, “C omputer assisted i nterrogation,” in 1991 Fall Joint Computer Conf., Proc.

AFIPS Conf., vol . 29.W ashington, DC: Spartan, 1991, pp. 381–394. *** There is an between “vol.

29.” and “Washington.”*** [5] P. C . Park s, “Ly apunov redesign of m odel reference adap tive cont rol sy stems,” in 1993 Join t Automatic Control Conf., Preprints , pp. 485–491.

[6] C. Janow, “Gu idance and con trol co mponents for space applications,” i n Pr oc. Nat. Electronics Conf., 19 94, vol .

24, pp. 30-35.

[7] T. S. Hsia, “System identification,” in I E DM Tech. Dig., 1993, vol. 2, no. 8, pp. 6–13.

Papers Presented at Conferences Basic Format:

[1] J. K. Author, “Titl e of paper,” presented at the Unabbrev . Name of Conf., City of Conf., Abbrev. State, year.

Examples:

[1] M. Mayer, presented at the 4th Congr. Permanent Magnets, Grenoble, France, Mar. 1995.

[2] J. G. Krei feldt, “An analysis of surface-detected EMG as an amplitude-modulated noise,” presented at the 1989 Int.

C onf. Medici ne and Biological Engineering, Chicago, IL.

[3] G. W . Juette and L. E. Zeffanella, “Radio noise curren ts on short sections o n bundle condu ctors,” pr esented at the IEEE Su mm er Power Meeting, Dallas, TX, June 22-27, 1990, Paper 90 SM 690-0 PWRS.

[4] J. Arrillaga and B. Giessn er, “Lim itation of short-circu it lev els by means of HVDC links, ” presen ted at the IEEE Summer Power Meeting, Los Angeles, CA, July 12–17, 1990, Paper 70 CP 637.

Patents Basic Format:

[1] J. K. Author, “Title of p a tent,” U.S. Patent x xxx xxx, Abbrev. Month, day, year.

Example:

[1] J. P. Wilkinson, “Nonlinear resonant circuit devices,” U.S. Patent 3 624 125, July 16, 1990.

NOTE: Use “issued date” if several dates are given.

Theses (M .S. ) and Dissertations (Ph.D.) Basic Format:

[1] J. K. Au th o r, “Title of thesis,” M.S. thesis, Abbrev. De pt., Abbrev. Univ., City of Univ., Abbrev. State, year.

[2] J. K. Aut hor, “Title of disser tation,” Ph.D. dissertation, Abbrev. Dept., Abbrev. Univ., City of Univ., Abbrev. State, year.

Examples:

[1] J. O. W illia ms, “Narrow-band ana lyzer,” Ph. D. diss erta tion, Dept . Elect . Eng., Harvard Uni v., Cam bridge, M A, 1993.

[2] N. Kawasaki, “Param etric st udy of thermal and chemical nonequilibrium nozzle flow,” M.S. thesis, Dept. Electron.

Eng., Osaka Univ., Osaka, Japan, 1993.

[3] N. M . A mer, “The eff ects o f hom ogeneous magnetic fi elds on developm ents of t ribolium confusum,” Ph.D.

dissertation, R adiation Lab., U niv. Cali fornia, B erkeley, Tech. R ep. 16854, 1995. *** The state abbreviation is omitted if the name of the university includes the state name, i.e., “Univ. California, Berkeley.”*** [4] C. Becle, These de doctoral d’etat, Univ. Grenoble, Grenoble, France, 1968. Unpublished These are the two most common types of unpublished references.

Basic Format :

[1] J. K. Aut hor, pr i vate communication, Abbrev. Month, year.

[2] J. K. Author, “Titl e of paper,” unpublished.

Examples:

[1] A. Harrison, private comm un ication, May 1995.

[2] B. Smith, “An approach to graphs of linear forms,” unpublished.

[3] A. Brah m s , “Represen tation error for real nu mbers in b inary co mputer arith metic,” I EEE Computer Group Repository, Paper R-67-85.

Standards Basic Format:

[1] Title of Standard , Standard number , date.

Examples:

[1] IEEE Criteria for Class IE Electric Systems, IEEE Standard 308, 1969.

[2] Letter Sy mbols for Quantities , ANSI Standard Y10.5-1968.

C. On-Line Sources The gui delines for cit ing elect ronic i nformation as offered here are in modified illustration of t he adap tation by t he International Standards Organ ization (IS O) docum entation system and the American Psychological Association style.

Books, Monographs Basic Format:

[1] J. K. Author. (y ear, month day). Title (edition) [Type of medium]. volume(issue). Available: site/path/file Example:

[1] S. Khut aina. (1 995, Aug. 15). EMBASE handbook (3rd ed.) [Onlin e]. 3(21) . Avail able: Knowledge Index File: EMBASE Handbook (EMHB) FTP Basic Format:

[1] J. K. Author. (y ear).

Title (edition) [Type of medium]. Available FTP: Directory: File:

Example:

[1] R. J. Vi dmar. (1994). On t he use of atmospheric plasmas as electromagnetic reflectors [ Online]. Av ailable FTP :

atmnext.usc.edu Directory: pub/etext/1994 File: atmosplasma.txt WWW Basic Format:

[1] J. K. Author. (y ear, month day). Title (edition) [Type of medium]. Available: http://www.(URL) Example:

[1] J. Jones. (1991, M a y 10). Networks (2nd ed.) [Online]. Available: http://www.atm.com E-Mail Basic Format:

[1] J. K. Author. ( y ear, month day). Title (edition) [Type of medium]. Available e-mail: Message:

Example:

[1] S. H. Gold . (1995, Oct . 10). Inter-Network Talk [Online]. Available e-mail: COMSERVE@RPIECS Message: Get NETWORK TALK Telnet Basic Format: [1] J. K. Author. (year, month day). Title (edition) [Type of medium]. Available Telnet: Directory: File:

Example:

[1] V. M eligna. (1 993, June 11).

Periodic t able of elements [O nline]. Av ailable Te lnet: L ibrary.CMU.edu Dire ctory:

Libraries/Reference Works File: Periodic Table of Elements Full Text Databases—Periodicals Journal Articles Basic Format:

[1] J. K. Au thor. (year, m onth). Title. Journal [Ty pe of medium]. volume(issue), pag ing i f g iven. A vailable:

site/path/file Examples:

[1] J. B ourke. (1995, M ar.). A co mparison of R F electrode models. J. Phys . [CD-RO M]. 32(4), RD2-RD3. Available:

JPY File: Science Periodicals Ondisc Item: 95-76401 [2] R. J. V idmar. ( 1992, Aug.) O n the use of atm ospheric plasmas as el ectromagnetic ref lectors. IEEE Tra ns. Plasma Sci. [Online]. 21(3), pp. 876–880. Available: http://www.halc yon.com/pub/journals/21ps03-vidmar FTP Basic Format:

[1] J. K. Au thor. ( y ear, month). Title. Journal [Ty pe of m edium]. volume(issue), p aging if gi ven. Avail able FTP :

Directory: File:

Example:

[1] R . P. Dr ew. (1996, Jan.). A ll-digital oversampled front-end sensors. Sc ience Online [Online]. 3(1). Available FTP:

sci.mit.edu Directory: pub/journals/s ci.online/issue12 File: 012bel5.txt WWW Basic Format:

[1] J. K. Author. (y ear, m onth day ). Title. Journal [ Type o f m edium]. volume(issue), pag ing i f gi ven. Avail able:

http://www.(URL) Example:

[1] M . Semilof. (1996, July 15). Driving commerce to the Web—Corporate Intranets and the Internet: Lines blur.

C o mmunications Week [Online]. 6(19). Available:

http://www.techweb.com/se/d irectlink.cgi?CWK19960715S0005 E-Mail Basic Format:

[1] J. K. Author. (y ear, m onth). Title. Journal [T ype o f medium]. volume(issue), pag ing i f given. Avai lable e- mail:

Message:

Example:

[1] J. Frasene. (1992, July/ Aug.). Least squares theory. The Electronic Journal of Automation [Online]. 6(8). Available e-mail: [email protected] Messa ge: Get [frasene 992] eja-f=mail Telnet Basic Format:

[1] J. K. Author. (y ear, m onth). Title. Journal [T ype o f medium]. volume(issue), pag ing i f given. Avai lable Tel net:

Directory: File:

Example:

[1] P. Dar ien. (199 2, Jan.). Buying sci ence. Quan tum [Online] . 4(3). Avail able Tel net: gopher .tp.umn.edu D irectory:

Libraries/Newspapers, Magazines, a nd Newsletters/ Technical Journals/Quant um/ASCII I ssues/Volume V I ssue 3 January 1992 File: “Buying Science” by P. Darien Magazine Articles Basic Format:

[1] J. K. Author. (year, m onth day). Title. Magazine [Type of medium]. paging if given. Available: site/path/file Example:

[1] S. Fuji i and Y. Mikami. (1991, Apr. 20). Construction aspects of intelligent buildings.

IEEE Co mmunications Mag.

[CD-ROM]. pp. 50-57. Available: UMI File: IPO (IEEE/IEE Publications Ondisc) Item: 3939837 FTP Basic Format:

[1] J. K. Aut hor. ( y ear, month day ). Titl e. Magazine [Ty pe of medium]. paging i f gi ven. A vailable FTP: Directory:

File:

Example:

[1] R . Young. (1994, Dec. 2). Su mmary of m eta fo nts available. TexMag [Onlin e]. Available FTP:

sum.soe.clarkson.edu Directory: pub/tex/texmag File: texmag.4.06 WWW Basic Format:

[1] J. K. Author. (year, m onth day). Title. Magazine [Type of medium]. paging if gi ven. Available: http://www.(URL) Examples:

[1] A. St uart, Ed. (1996, Dec. 3). B usiness in t he wak e o f t he W eb.

WebMaste r Mag. [Online] . Av ailable:

http://www.cio.com/cgi-bin/gate2?~ [2] L. B rigman (1997, Feb.). The never-end ing st ory. WebMaste r Mag. [Onlin e]. Available:

http://www.cio/WebMaster/020197_field_content.html E-Mail Basic Format:

[1] J. K. Author. (year, m onth day). Title. Magazine [Type of medium]. paging if given. Available e-mail: Message:

Example:

[1] A. Harrim a n. ( 1993, June 28). C omp endium of genealogical software. Humanist [Online]. 2(41). Available e-mail:

HUMANIST@NYVM Message: Get GENEALOGY REPORT Telnet Basic Format:

[1] J. K. Author. (year, m onth day). Title. Magazine [Type of medium]. Available Telnet: Directory: File:

Example:

[1] S. Bene. (1990, July 21). Queu es at information desks. Com [Online]. Available Telnet: gopher.uet.edu D irectory:

Libraries/Newspapers, Magazines, Ne wsletters/EE/EECom File: V.2I.3Jul90 Full Text Databases—Other Sources Papers Presented at Conferences Basic Format:

[1] J. K. Aut hor.

Titl e. presented at Conference title. [Type of Medium]. Available: site/path/file Example:

[1] Process Sof t w are Corp., MA. Intr anets: I nternet t echnologies dep loyed behi nd the firewall for corporate productivity. presented at INET’96 Annu. Meeting [Online]. Available: http://www.process.com/Intranets/wp2.htp Reports and Handbooks Basic Format:

[1] J. K. Author. (y ear, month). Title. Company. City, State or Country. [Type of Medium]. Available: site/path/file Examples:

[1] S. L. Talleen. ( 1996, Aug.). The Int r aNet Architecture: Managing information in the new paradigm. Amdahl Corp, CA. [Online]. Available: http://www.amdahl.com/doc/products/bsg/intra/infra/html [2] Netscape Communications Corp. (1997, Dec.). The new way t o share workgroup information. [Online]. Available:

http://ho me.netscape.com/comprod/a U.S. Government Documents Basic Format:

[1] Legislative body . Nu mber of C ongress, Sessi on. (year, month day ). Number of bill or resolution, Title . [ Type o f medium]. Available: site/path/file Example:

[1] U.S. House. 10 2nd Congress, 1st Sessi on. (1 991, Jan. 11). H. Con. Res. 1, Sense of the Congress on Approval of Military Action . [Online]. Available: LEXIS Library: GENFED File: BILLS Patents Basic Format:

[1] Name of t he invention, b y inventor’s n ame. ( year, month day ). Paten t Number [Ty pe of medium]. Available:

site/path/file Example:

[1] M usical toothbrush wi th adju stable neck an d mirror, b y L.M .R. B rooks. (1992, M ay 19). Pate nt D 326 189 [Online]. Available: NEXIS Library: LEXPAT File: DESIGN Common Abbreviations of Words Used in References Acoustics Acoust.

Administration Admin.

Administrative Administ.

American Amer.

Analysis Anal.

Annals An n.

Annual A nnu.

Apparatus App.

Applications Applicat.

Applied Ap pl.

Association Assoc.

Automatic Automat.

Broadcasting Broadcast.

Business Bus.

Communications Commun.

Computer(s) Comput.

Congress Congr.

Convention Conv.

Correspondence Corresp.

Cybernetics Cybern.

Department Dept.

Development Develop.

Digest Dig.

Economic(s) Econ.

Education Educ.

Electrical Elect.

Electronic Electron.

Engineering Eng. Ergonomics Ergonom.

Evolutionary Evol.

Foundation Found.

Geoscience Geosci.

Graphics Graph.

Industrial Ind.

Industry In d.

Information Inform.

Institute In st.

Intelligence Intell.

International Int.

Journal J.

Letter(s) Lett.

Machine Mach.

Magazine Mag.

Management Manage.

Managing Manag.

Mathematic(s) Math.

Mathematical Math.

Mechanical Mech.

National Nat.

Newsletter Newslett.

Nuclear Nucl.

Occupation Occupat.

Philosophical Philosph.

Proceedings Proc.

Processing Process.

Production Prod.

Productivity Productiv.

Quarterly Quart.

Record Rec.

Reliability Rel.

Report Rep .

Royal Ro y.

Science Sci.

Selected Select.

Society Soc.

Sociological Sociol.

Statistics Stat.

Studies St ud.

Supplement Suppl.

Symposium Symp.

Systems Syst.

Technical Tech.

Telecommunication Telecomm un.

Transactions Trans.

Vehicular Veh.

Working Wo rk.

Workshop Workshop List of IEEE Transactions , Jo urna ls, and Letters IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech, and IEEE Trans. Acoust., Speech, Signal Signal Processing Pro cess. (1975– 1990) IEEE Transactions on Advanced Packa ging IEEE Adv. Packag.

IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst.

IEEE Trans. Aeronaut. Navig. Electron.

IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Navig. Electron.

IEEE Trans. Aerosp.

IEEE Trans. Airbone Electron.

IEEE Trans. Mil. Electron.

IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propa gation IEEE Tra n s. Antennas Propag.

IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters IEEE Antennas Wi reless Propag. Lett.

IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity IEEE Tra ns. Appl. Supercond.

IEEE Transactions on Audio Electroacousti cs IEEE Tran s. Audio Electroacoust.

(until 1974) IEEE Tran sactions on Automatic Cont rol IEEE Trans, Autom. Control IEEE Transactions on Autonomous Mental Development IEEE Trans. Autonomous Mental Dev.

IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engi neering IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng.

IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits an d Systems IEEE Trans. Biomed. Circuits Syst.

IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting IEEE Trans. Broadcast.

IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting Techno logy IEEE Trans. Broadcast. Technol.

IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems—I: IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I, Reg. Papers Regular Papers IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems—II: IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. II, Exp. Briefs Express Briefs IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems—I: IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I, Fundam.

Fundamental Theory and Applications Theory Appl. (until 2003) IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems— II: IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. II, Analog Analog and Digital Signal Processing Digit. Signal Process. (until 2003) IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Sy stems IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. (1974–1992) IEEE Transactions on Circuit Theory IEEE Trans. Circuit Theory (until 1973) IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Sy stems IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst.

for Video Technology Vi deo Technol.

IEEE Transactions on Communications IEEE Trans. Commun.

IEEE Communications Letters IEEE Commun. Lett.

IEEE Transactions on Communications Te chnology IEEE Trans. Commun. Technol.

(until 1971) IEEE Transactions on Components and Packaging IEEE Trans. Compon. Packag. Technol.

Tech nology IEEE Transactions on Components, Packaging, and IEEE Trans. Compon. Packag. Manuf.

Manufacturing Technology, Part A Technol. A (1994–1998) IEEE Transactions on Components, Packaging, and IEEE Trans. Compon. Packag. Manuf.

Manufacturing Technology, Part B Technol. B (1994–1998) IEEE Transactions on Components, Packaging, and IEEE Trans. Compon. Packag. Manuf.

Manufacturing Technology, Part C Technol. C (1996–1998) IEEE Transactions on Components, Hybrids, and IEEE Trans. Compon. Hybrids, Manufacturing Technology M anuf. Technol. (1978—1993) IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of IEEE Trans. Comput.-Aided Des. Integr. Integrated Circuits and Sy stems Circuits Syst.

IEEE Transactions on Computers IEEE Trans. Comput.

IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electroni cs IEEE Trans, Consum. Electron.

IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technol ogy IEEE Trans. Control Syst. Technol.

IEEE Transactions on Device and Materi als IEEE Trans. Dev. Mat. Rel.

Reliab ility IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electri cal IEEE Trans. Dielectr. Electr. Insul.

In sulation IEEE Transactions on Educa tion IEEE Trans. Edu.

IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compa tibility IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat.

IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices IEEE Trans. Electron Devices IEEE Electron Device Letters IEEE Electron Device Lett.

IEEE Embedded Systems Letters IEEE Embedded Sys. Lett.

IEEE Transactions on Electronics Packaging IEEE Trans. Electron. Packag. Manuf.

Manufacturing IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversi on IEEE Trans. Energy Convers.

IEEE Transactions on Engineering Mana gement IEEE Trans. Eng. Manag.

IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Co mputation IEEE Trans. Evol. Comput.

IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Syst ems IEEE Trans. Fuzzy Syst.

IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens.

IEEE Transactions on Geoscience Electro nics IEEE Trans. Geosci. Electron.

(1962–1979) IEEE Transactions on Image Processi ng IEEE Trans. Image Process.

IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electro nics IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron.

IEEE Transactions on Industrial Info rmatics IEEE Trans. Ind. Informat.

IEEE Transactions on Industry Appli cations IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl.

IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security IEEE Trans. Inf. Forens. Security IEEE Transactions on Information Technol ogy IEEE Trans. Inf. Technol. Biomed.

in Biomedicine IEEE Transactions on Information Theory IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas.

IEEE Transactions on Instrument ation IEEE Trans. Instrum.

IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems IEEE Tr ans. Intell. Transp. Syst.

IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data E ngineering IEEE Trans. Knowl. Data Eng.

IEEE Transactions on Magnetics IEEE Trans. Magn.

IEEE Transactions on Manufacturing Tec hnology IEEE Trans. Manuf. Technol.

(1972–1977) IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatro nics IEEE Trans. Mechatron.

IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging IEEE Trans. Med. Imag.

IEEE Transactions on Microwave and Guided Wave Letters IEEE Trans. Microw. Guid. Wave Lett.

(1987–1999) IEEE Transactions on Microwave and Wire less IEEE Trans. Microw. Wireless C omponents Letters C ompon. Lett. (until 2004) IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Te chniques IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech.

IEEE Transactions on Multimedi a IEEE Trans. Multimedia IEEE Transactions on Nanotechnolo gy IEEE Trans. Nanotechnol.

IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networ king IEEE/ACM Trans. Netw.

IEEE Transactions on Neural Networ ks IEEE Trans. Neural Netw.

IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and IEEE Trans. Neural Syst. Rehabil. Eng.

Rehabilitation Engineering IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Scie nce IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci.

IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineer ing IEEE J. Ocean. Eng.

IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems IEEE Trans. Parallel Distrib. Syst.

IEEE Transactions on Parts, Hybrids, and IEEE Trans. Parts, Hybrids, Packag.

Man ufacturing Technology Techn ol. (June 1971–1977) IEEE Transactions on Parts and Material Packaging IEEE Trans. Parts, Mater. Packag.

IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Mach ine IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell.

In telligence IEEE Photonics Technology Letters IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett.

IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci.

IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems IEEE Trans.

Power App. Syst. (until 1985) IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery IEEE Trans. Power Del.

IEEE Transactions on Power Electroni cs IEEE Trans. Power Electron.

IEEE Power Electronics Letters IEEE Power Electron. Lett. (until 2005) IEEE Transactions on Power Syst ems IEEE Trans. Power Syst.

IEEE Transactions on Professional Comm unication IEEE Trans. Prof. Commun.

IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics IEEE J. Quantum Electron.

IEEE Transactions on Rehabilitation Engi neering IEEE Trans. Rehabil. Eng.

(until 2000) IEEE Transactions on Reliability IEEE Trans. Reliab.

IEEE Transactions on Robotics and Auto mation IEEE Trans. Robot. Autom.

IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Comm unications IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun.

IEEE Journal on Selected Topics in Quantum Elect ronics IEEE J. Sel. Topics. Quantum Electron.

IEEE Transactions on Selected Topics in Signal Processing IEEE J. Sel. Topics Signal Process. IEEE Transactions on Semiconductor Manufacturing IEEE Trans. Semicond. Manuf.

IEEE Sensors Journal IEEE Sensors J IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy IEEE Trans. Sustainable Energy IEEE System s Journal IEEE Syst. J.

IEEE Trans. Signal Processing IEEE Trans. Signal Process.

IEEE Signal Processing Letters IEEE Signal Process. Lett. IEEE Transactions on Software Engine ering IEEE Trans. Softw. Eng.

IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits IEEE Transactions on Speech and Audio Proce ssing IEEE Trans. Speech Audio Process.

IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cy bernetics IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern.

(1971–1995) IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybe rnetics, IEEE Trans.

Syst. Man Cybern. A., Part A (Systems and Humans) Sy st. Humans IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. B, Part B (Cybernetics) Cy bern.

IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. C, Part C (Applications and Reviews) Ap pl. Rev.

IEEE Transactions on Human Factors El ectronics IEEE Human–Factors Electron.

(until 1968) IEEE Transactions on Man—Machine System s IEEE Man–Mach. Syst.

(until 1970) IEEE Journal on Technology in Computer Aided Design IEEE J. Comput. Aid. Des.

IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics and IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Frequency Control C ontrol IEEE Transactions on Sonics Ultrasonics IEEE Trans. Sonics Ultrason. (until 1985) IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics Engi neering IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Eng.

IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Techno logy IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol.

IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration IEEE Trans. Very Large Scale Integr. (VLSI) Systems (VLSI) Syst.

IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Gra phics IEEE Trans.

Vis. Comput. Graphics IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communi cations IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun.

IEEE Translation Journal on Magnetics in Japan IEEE Transl. J. Magn. Jpn.

Journal of Lightwave Technology J. Lightw. Technol.

Journal of Microelectromechanical Sy stems J.

Microelectromech. Syst.

Proceedings of the IEEE Proc. IEEE Proceedings of the IRE Proc. IRE (until 1962) IEEE Magazines and Abbreviations IEEE Aerospace and Electronics Systems Mag azine IEEE Aerosp. Electron. Syst. Mag.

IEEE Annals of the History of Com puting IEEE Annals Hist. Comput.

IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine IEEE Antennas Propagat. Mag.

IEEE Circuits and Systems Magazine IEEE Circuits Syst. Mag. (1979–1984) IEEE Circuits and Devices Magazine IEEE Circuits Devices Mag.

(1985–present) IEEE Communications Society Magazine IEEE Commun. Soc. Mag.

(until 1978) IEEE Communications Magazine IEEE Commun. Mag. (1979–present) IEEE Computation in Science and Engin eering IEEE Comput. Sci. Eng. Mag.

Magazine IEEE Computational Intelligence Magazi ne IEEE Comput. Intell. Mag.

IEEE Computer IEEE Computer IEEE Computer Applications in Po wer IEEE Comput. Appl. Power IEEE Computer Graphics and Applica tions IEEE Comput. Graph. Appl.

IEEE Concurrency IEEE Concurrency IEEE Control Systems Magazine IEEE Control. Syst. Mag.

IEEE Design and Test of Comput ers IEEE Des. Test Comput.

IEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine IEEE Electr. Insul. Mag.

IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology IEEE Eng. Med. Biol. Mag.

Magazine IEEE Engineering Management Revi ew IEEE Eng. Manag. Rev. IEEE Expert IEEE Expert (until 1997) IEEE Industry Applications Mag azine IEEE Ind.

Appl. Mag.

IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Magazine IEEE Instrum. Meas. Mag.

IEEE Intelligent Systems (formerly IEEE Expert) IEEE Intell. Syst.

IEEE Internet Computing IEEE Internet Com put.

IEEE IT Professional IEEE IT Prof.

IEEE Micro IEEE Micro IEEE Microwave Magazine IEEE Microwave IEEE Mutimedia IEEE Multimedia IEEE Network IEEE Network IEEE Nanotechnology Magazine IEEE Na notec hnol. Mag.

IEEE Personal Communications IEEE Pers. Commun.

IEEE Potentials IEEE Potentials IEEE Power Engineering Review IEEE Power Eng. Rev.

IEEE Robotics and Automation Magazi ne IEEE Robot. Automat. Mag.

IEEE Signal Processing Magazine IEEE Signal P rocessing Mag.

(1991–present) IEEE ASSP Mag. IEEE ASSP Mag. (1 984 –1990) IEEE Software IEEE Softw.

IEEE Spectrum IEEE Spectr.

IEEE Technology and Society Magazine IEEE Technol. Soc. Mag.

IEEE Vehicular Technology Magazine IEEE Veh. Technol. Mag Today’s Engineer To day’s Eng.