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Iroquois Fire Outline


Cover Page--The Iroquois Theater Fire in Chicago, Illinois in 1903


Abstract—This was a new theater full of actors and patrons. It was the deadliest theater fire and deadliest single-building fire in United States history.


Introduction--The Iroquois Theater was a fashionable destination located in Chicago’s most prestigious Loop shopping district. It was beautiful and some even called it architecturally perfect. Unfortunately it was build with a single stairway entrance and exit for multiple levels with no consideration for safety.


Body 1—This gorgeous theatre was built with an eye for aesthetics, and no attention to safety. On December 30,1903, a fast-moving fire caused total destruction of the new building and 602 people were killed.


Body 2—Despite being called absolutely fireproof, numerous deficiencies were discovered prior to the opening. A Chicago fire captain reported problems to his supervisor and was told nothing could be done because the theater had its own fire warden. The fire extinguishers were the type for putting out chimney fires and were inadequate in a large building fire.


Body 3—During a matinee performance with a sold-out house, a muslin curtain caught fire, probably caused from a short in an electrical arc light. Attempts to extinguish or minimize the fire were unsuccessful.


Body 4—Six-hundred-two bodies were found among the remains, and it is assumed additional bodies were removed without being listed or counted.


Conclusion—All public facilities, especially large ones, must be equipped with multiple safe entrances and exits. Defects noted by fire inspectors should be corrected before the building opens to the public. There must be a known, and preferable rehearsed plan for rapid evacuation in the event of emergencies.