I am looking for revision of the final draft. Below is feedback from the professor.  Almost all of your paragraph end with cited content and an in-text citation.  Don't do that. Always add a comment t

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Writing Activity 3

Ashanti Hardy

Eng215- Research and Writing

Professor Sharon McCamy

August 18, 2019

Organ Donation

Innovation in healthcare is creating an advanced emphasis on different factors concerning healthcare needs among different patients. Some of the changes within healthcare have involved the transplant of organs to improve specific body functionality. Organ donation has been a growing aspect within the healthcare industry, considering the innovation in healthcare. Organs in the body can fail, which place an individual at an increased level of losing their lives. The only way to save such an individual is to consider organ transplant from a healthy donation. The organs that are used in the process are obtained from either living or individuals who have passed on. However, in either case, an individual must consent to use of their body parts. Regardless of the existing relationship between the donor and receiver, the blood group must match to ensure that there is compatibility. Therefore, it is vital to ensure that organ donation is accepted and encouraged as one of the key ways to save lives. People should freely donate their organs to help save other people lives.

The need for organ donation is growing, which highlights the high number of individuals in need of organ transplant compared to those willing to donate. In the United States, more than 120,000 patients are waiting in line for an organ transplant. Approximately 21 Americans are dying daily because they are unable to get organs for transplantation. Donation is an important decision that should be undertaken in ensuring that lives are saved. Individuals who donate must be assessed based on their health so that they can lead a healthy life even after donation. Increased awareness of the need to embrace organ donation is essential in controlling preventable deaths. Kidneys, corneas, lungs, heart, liver, intestines, and other critical parts of the human body can be donated either for those individuals alive or deceased. It is a heroic decision that helps other individuals who are in need. Organ and tissue donation gives those patients in need a second chance to live. Thus encouraging individuals to donate either alive or when they die is a crucial decision that is aimed at improving individual lives (Cohen et al., 2017).

Donating organs is crucial in improving the lives of other individuals who are in need and can survive through organ donation. Organ donation is an individual decision to help save a life, considering that thousands of individuals are waiting in line for tissues and organ transplant. Therefore it is crucial to adhere to a particular decision among individuals who decide to donate their organs. Organ donation also improves the chance to focus on research, especially when assessing the dead organs that are replaced, which is essential in controlling such occurrences in the future. Scientific research has focused on improving the lives of individuals; hence, it should be encouraged due to the underlying ability to provide quality outcomes. A critical factor, in this case, is that organ donation is focusing on improving individual health (Kumar, 2017).

The availability of donor organs is based on the decision undertaken by a donor or donor's family, agreeing to a donation at death. The agreement between individuals is essential since the decision is made out of a free will. Lack of knowledge is a significant factor regarding the limited availability of organ donations both from those alive as well as those who die. The current rate of organ transplant globally shows that donation in Australia is nine organs per million people. This is half the rate in the United States and only a quarter of Spain, which is the leading proponent of organ donation (Delmonico et al., 2015). Spain has hugely focused on embracing organ donation because in its commitment to improving the needs of individuals within the healthcare system and Improving the gaps in healthcare where possible identify essential elements that can help in creating a strong emphasis on organ donation among individuals in need. Consent is necessary for organ donation either from the dead or those alive. An individual might consent that when they die while their crucial organs such as the heart or lungs are working, they could be donated to an individual in need. This is a mutual decision that should be encouraged to understand the selfless nature of individuals (Menikoff, 2017).

The focus on the development of organ markets shows the increasing need for organ donation and the need to improve individual lives. Despite the policies prohibiting organ transplant, it is essential to understand the need to improve the lives of those who have a chance to live without necessarily risking the lives of donors. Organ transplant has been considered as an essential approach in reducing chronic illnesses that are inherited due to change in affected cells through artificial means. However, the validity and reliability of these methods have remained a significant issue which is detrimental to the successful application of these changes (Delmonico et al., 2015).

Many issues have not been solved just yet regarding the whole issue on organ transplant. The criteria by which the entire process will be undertaken is still a massive issue. If the organ transplant process is universally accepted, there are still many issues regarding the application and how well to carry out these operations. Therefore, a structured process needs to be incorporated into the process to ensure that the process is done more immediately. Many issues within organ transplant have been left pending, which leaves the whole process being half resolved. Thus, it is difficult to argue for a little technological advancement. However, it is quite evident that section of cloning can be beneficial to individuals since various factors can be easily considered. However, the importance of the process is saving lives cannot be underestimated (Menikoff, 2017).

Organ donation is a beneficial process aimed at providing individuals with a chance to live. Patients who need organ transplant do not have an opportunity to recover without an organ transplant, which is the only existing solution to their challenges. Thus an individual who is about to die is given a chance to live through operation. A living donor feels gratified for saving a life and giving someone in need a chance to achieve greater success. In cases where donors are family members, it enhances the relationship between family members considering that it is a selfless act that improves the bond between individuals (Kumar, 2016).

Counter arguments

There have been massive opponents of organ donation with a specific emphasis on moral and ethical aspects. These ethical elements are aimed at improving their argument on why they think that organ transplant should not be encouraged. A significant challenge has been from the religious perspective who believe that the body is sacred and should be considered as such without opting to remove specific organs. Religious principles reject the scientific emphasis on the need for an individual to share organs as a sign of gratitude to others (Karangwa et al., 2016). They believe that God has a purpose for every decision undertaken, and individuals should not opt to try and navigate through such issues. Religion asserts that any individual who donates any of their organs, whether dead or alive, will be significantly tormented in the afterlife. However, despite a strong argument from a Christian perspective, it is essential to note that religion emphasis on the need to protect life because it is sacred. Therefore the decision to donate organs is aimed at protecting life (Cohen et al., 2017).

The ethical issues that have been reflected upon through the understanding of human genetic development are severe and require considerable effort and engagement of different stakeholders. These scientific developments involve various stakeholders. The healthcare professionals, in this case, have a significant role to play especially in convincing other players that human genetic development is meant for the best to human and does not violate any ethical aspects of different individuals within the society. It is essential to understand that some of these ethical issues involved in human genetic development include social problems, which are very much difficult to control. The focus on organ donation is aimed at improving the lives of patients mainly through an understanding between the donor and the patients. Organ donation is a decision that is undertaken voluntarily when an individual decides to help others who are in dire need. Organ transplant is the only available alternative that can save their lives (Karangwa et al., 2016).

Individuals have the autonomy to make decisions of their wellbeing as long as the decision does not contradict an individual right to life. The conclusion that is considered must be mutually reasonable to all parties. Therefore even though there is opposition on organ donation across different sectors, the movie is not aimed at limiting individual wellbeing but help implement better outcomes regarding their development. When an individual gives consent about the use of their organs when they die, it is a personal decision that should be supported without considering the underlying complexities (Chatterjee et al., 2015).

Therefore, in conclusion, organ donation is essential and should be encouraged because it gives patients who are almost losing hope a second chance to live. Despite the counter-arguments, especially from the religious perspective, it is essential to offer help when needed, primarily when the help provided does not compromise the life of the donor. The decision undertaken must emphasize on improving healthcare outcomes without risking the life of the donor. Autonomy and beneficence are two ethical principles that provide a specific emphasis on the decision undertaken by an individual based on an assessment of the possible outcomes. The decision made must not compromise the wellbeing of a donor but rather improve their wellbeing as well as the receiver.

References

Chatterjee, P., Venkataramani, A. S., Vijayan, A., Wellen, J. R., & Martin, E. G. (2015). The effect of state policies on organ donation and transplantation in the United States. JAMA internal medicine, 175(8), 1323-1329.

Cohen, C. (2017). The case for presumed consent to transplant human organs after death. In Organ and Tissue Transplantation (pp. 195-199). Routledge.

Delmonico, F. L., Martin, D., Domínguez‐Gil, B., Muller, E., Jha, V., Levin, A., ... & Capron, A. M. (2015). Living and deceased organ donation should be financially neutral acts. American Journal of Transplantation, 15(5), 1187-1191.

Kumar, L. (2016). Brain death and care of the organ donor. Journal of anaesthesiology, clinical pharmacology, 32(2), 146.

Menikoff, J. (2017). The importance of being dead: non-heart-beating organ donation. In Organ and Tissue Transplantation(pp. 13-30). Routledge.

Karangwa, S. A., Dutkowski, P., Fontes, P., Friend, P. J., Guarrera, J. V., Markmann, J. F., ... & Uygun, K. (2016). Machine perfusion of donor livers for transplantation: a proposal for standardized nomenclature and reporting guidelines. American Journal of Transplantation, 16(10), 2932-2942.

Feedback reflection

Feedback from writing activity 2

The feedback that I received was stating that my argument is not that debatable--most everyone would agree with you.  Is there any aspect of organ donation that is controversial?

How feedback was used

The feedback was used to do more research on my topic. I had to try and deep dive into articles and other sources to identify a true counter perspective for the assignment. With deep diving it gave me the opportunity to find more resources and information to be used to create a great persuasive essay. I was able to locate a counter perspective to discuss and provide information on.

How feedback will help with future writing

This feedback will allow me to be more effective and accurate with my future writing. I would be able to properly write a paper and give all requirements that are needed to be met. I can also ensure that I do effective research to get to what I need a lot faster than having to double back and recreate something all over again. It also helps give me confidence in knowing there are so many different tools and resources available.