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Question Completion Status:QUESTION 1Which perspective is not considered when attempting to understand the nature of a client's presenting problem in the goals of cognitive–behavioral theory?cogn
Question Completion Status:
QUESTION 1
Which perspective is not considered when attempting to understand the nature of a client's presenting problem in the goals of cognitive–behavioral theory?
cognitive
affective
behavioral
physical
1 points
QUESTION 2
What is social interest?
The innate drive of a person to cooperate and contribute with others for the common good
Striving for a better future for all humans
A sense of identification with and empathy for others
An individual's attitude in dealing with the social world
1 points
QUESTION 3
Creative and expressive therapy is an umbrella term that does not include
music therapy.
art therapy.
reality therapy.
psychodrama.
1 points
QUESTION 4
Adlerians believe that discouragement:
is the basic condition that prevents people from functioning.
is minimal in comparison with other dysfunctions.
can be overcome with medication.
is not part of an Adlerian viewpoint.
1 points
QUESTION 5
Which of the following existentialists is most associated with transpersonal psychology?
Kierkegaard
Yalom
Frankl
Sarte
1 points
QUESTION 6
Two major disorders given a great deal of attention in feminist literature are:
personality disorders and bipolar disorders.
borderline personality disorders and hypertension.
eating disorders and posttraumatic stress disorder.
insomnia and posttraumatic stress disorder.
1 points
QUESTION 7
Within the narrative approach, narrative coherence refers to
Clients' ability to remember anything about their past
Storytelling interventions with couples that focus on communication skills
The counselor's ability to be understood by the client
The connections stemming from individuals' interactions with themselves or the environment
1 points
QUESTION 8
When using extinction to change behavior:
you should expect positive behavior to decrease.
you should expect a burst of positive behavior that fades away.
you should expect positive behavior to increase.
you should expect a burst of negative behavior, followed by positive behavior.
1 points
QUESTION 9
The concept of core conditions, as applied to the helping relationship, includes all but one of the following:
respect/positive regard
confrontation
warmth
empathic understanding
1 points
QUESTION 10
The first person to introduce the subjects of consciousness, spiritualism, and psychical research into the mental health fields was:
Abraham Maslow.
William James.
Carl Jung.
Sigmund Freud.
1 points
QUESTION 11
Art therapy, dance/movement therapy, music therapy, and drama therapy are all considered:
expressive arts approaches.
symbolic approaches.
eclectic approaches.
narrative approaches.
1 points
QUESTION 12
Jay Haley was associated with the _________ school of family counseling.
strategic
narrative
conjoint
structural
1 points
QUESTION 13
Research on existential theory
has been labored because the unscripted nature of the existential journey does not easily lend itself to the scientific process of measurement
has continued to be strong, producing considerable research
has been absent because it focuses on the relationship and that is difficult to measure
as waned because existentialism is almost nonexistent, especially internationally
1 points
QUESTION 14
The Association for Multicultural Counseling and Development's Multicultural Counseling Competencies emphasize:
self-awareness, awareness of clients' worldviews, and awareness of culturally appropriate interventions.
self-awareness, spiritual awareness, and valuing peace.
not working with culturally different clients.
knowledge of different cultures, their customs, and traditional foods.
1 points
QUESTION 15
Glasser would agree with all of the following except:
People do not have to be victims of their past experiences.
People are more likely to change when threatened by punishment.
People have more control over their lives than they realize.
People try to change their world to match what they want.
1 points
QUESTION 16
Which of the following is not a principle of Adler's theory?
Social interest
Holism
Early sexual childhood experiences
Goal oriented
1 points
QUESTION 17
According to the oppression model in multicultural counseling, __________ refers to unearned access to resources to resources that is readily available to social identity groups with more power.
prejudice
authenticity
discrimination
privilege
1 points
QUESTION 18
According to creativity in counseling, creativity
promotes new perspectives, problem solving, and productive relationships
is stifled in counselors with no formal creative arts training
can be used without consideration of the ACA Code of Ethics
is relegated to a special few
1 points
QUESTION 19
The central issue in existential therapy is:
examining irrational beliefs.
resistance.
freedom and responsibility.
counter-transference.
1 points
QUESTION 20
In choice theory, human motivation springs from which of these five sources?
belonging, survival, knowledge, fun, power
power, achievement, enjoyment, information, security
survival, achievement, love, success, pride
survival, belonging, power, freedom, fun
1 points
QUESTION 21
Which of the following interventions involves gradual exposure to an item or circumstance that produces fear?
Systematic desensitization
Positive reinforcement
Reframing
Punishment
1 points
QUESTION 22
A criticism of person-centered counseling or therapy is:
its deterministic stance.
overly confrontational.
rigid steps in the counseling or therapy process.
too few specifics regarding actions for the new counselor or therapist.
1 points
QUESTION 23
Which one of the following is not one of the three core conditions that drive the process of change?
Positive regard
Genuineness
Empathic understanding
Structure
1 points
QUESTION 24
The most important factor in the therapeutic alliance is the:
client's willingness to work hard.
depth of the problems being experienced.
counselor's or therapist's skills.
quality and nature of the relationship between counselor or therapist and client.
1 points
QUESTION 25
In transpersonal counseling theory, differentiating between ___________ and true psychotic states is of extreme importance to optimize counseling and prevent unnecessary or harmful treatment.
false psychosis
spiritual challenges
altered states of consciousness
drug-induced psychosis
1 points
QUESTION 26
A tool for conceptualizing key relationships in a three-generational extended family is a:
family sketch.
lifestyle assessment.
genogram.
projective test.
1 points
QUESTION 27
Dialectical behavior theory uses a behavioral technique known as _______ in which the client learns to tolerate painful emotions without enacting self-destructive behaviors:
negative reinforcement
punishment
positive reinforcement
exposure
1 points
QUESTION 28
Creating an egalitarian therapeutic relationship is important to feminists because
clients expect their therapists to be experts who can help them solve their problems
male clients are often uncomfortable with powerlessness
the inequities in the client's life should not be replicated in the therapeutic relationship
informed consent is mandated by professional codes of ethics
1 points
QUESTION 29
The defense mechanism of redirecting thoughts, feelings, and impulses from an object that gives rise to anxiety to a safer, more acceptable one is known as:
repression.
displacement.
sublimation.
regression.
1 points
QUESTION 30
The systems perspective implies:
the external environment is the most powerful influence on an individual's development.
individuals are autonomous and independent of their families.
individuals are best understood through the context of their role in their families.
systemic intervention is required to deconstruct unhealthy family patterns.
1 points
QUESTION 31
Which of the following did Adler not stress?
the unity of personality
behavior is purposeful and goal oriented
focus on early childhood sexual experiences as determinants of personality functioning
feelings of inferiority
1 points
QUESTION 32
Ellis developed the A-B-C model to illustrate the process of change. A-B-C stands for:
action, behavior, consequences.
activating event, behavior, cognitions
antecedent, belief, cognitions
activating event, belief, consequence
1 points
QUESTION 33
Which of these solution-focused therapy techniques involves asking clients to describe times in their lives they were able to solve their problem or when their problem was less severe?
scaling questions
the "change" or exception question
pre-change therapy
the miracle question
1 points
QUESTION 34
The central concept of the expressive arts approach in counseling is:
meditation.
action.
self-actualization.
reaction.
1 points
QUESTION 35
In classic psychoanalysis, the counselor maintains a "blank screen" approach in order to:
analyze transference.
analyze dreams.
disengage from the client.
analyze countertransference.
1 points
QUESTION 36
The founder of rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT) is:
Frederick "Fritz" Perls.
William Glasser.
Albert Ellis.
Viktor Frankl.
1 points
QUESTION 37
The concepts of ___________ are vital to creativity in counseling.
drama therapy, role play, and empty chair techniques
culture, mutual relationships, and recognition of power structures
hierarchy of needs, trauma recognition, and validation
psychoanalytic theory, diagnosis, and assessment
1 points
QUESTION 38
Which of the following family therapists is best known for his or her structural approach to treatment?
Minuchin
Satir
Bowen
Haley
1 points
QUESTION 39
Awareness is the key to Gestalt therapy. Through awareness, the organism/person naturally proceeds toward:
impasse.
growth, integration, and differentiated unity.
happiness.
confusion.
1 points
QUESTION 40
Reality therapy is:
more rational than humanistic.
more humanistic than existential.
more cognitive–behavioral than nondirective.
more behavioral than cognitive.
1 points
QUESTION 41
A feminist therapist counseling a client who suffers from an eating disorder would be most likely to
explore with the client the messages she has internalized from the mass media
explore whether the client has a history of sexual victimization
establish immediate goals for healthy eating and weight gain
refer the client to group counseling rather than establish an individual counseling relationship, because groups have been shown to be a more effective treatment modality
1 points
QUESTION 42
Which of the following is not one of the four parts to dream narratives according to Jung?
identifying the turning point in the dream
determining what caused the dream
telling who, where, when, and what of the dream
exposure and exploration of the complexes
1 points
QUESTION 43
According to psychoanalytic therapy, human beings are:
motivated by social interest.
Free to choose their own destinies.
inclined to become self-actualized.
driven by unconscious, instinctual drives.
1 points
QUESTION 44
According to Jung, one way that the archetype is expressed is through:
the superego.
sacred images.
the Shadow.
the ego.
1 points
QUESTION 45
A family system's perspective implies:
the outside world is the most powerful influence on a person's development.
clients are best understood through the context of their familial roles.
that clients are autonomous and independent of their families.
systemic intervention must be used to disrupt unhealthy family interactions.
1 points
QUESTION 46
Constructivist-oriented counselors
take the perspective that clients' cultural backgrounds are irrelevant to their stories
do not impose their own lived experiences on the client's narrative
believe that their clients are unable to resolve discrepancies in their life stories
seek to impart their own lived experiences on their clients
1 points
QUESTION 47
WDEP stands for:
wants, direction, efficacy, planning.
wants, doing, self-evaluation, planning.
wants, desires, self-evaluation, purpose.
wishes, direction, efficiency, purpose.
1 points
QUESTION 48
Which component of the personality is responsible for helping an individual cope with reality and preventing the individual from acting on his or her basic urges?
Superego
Id
Conscious
Ego
1 points
QUESTION 49
The family life cycle is:
an example of family decline.
a developmental model.
an example of a life stressor.
a linear model.
1 points
QUESTION 50
___________ considered confrontation as an important part of encouragement.
Adler
Freud
Perls
Roger
1 points
QUESTION 51
A multifaceted process occurring across the life span is called:
genderfication.
gender bias.
gender role socialization.
gender role identification.
1 points
QUESTION 52
Which of the following is descriptive of what closure means in existential counseling?
It means stopping therapy at the end of the semester at a counseling center.
Facing the end of the helping relationship is the final confrontation with reality.
It is a relatively unimportant part of counseling.
It is when counselors close out all of their files.
1 points
QUESTION 53
Which of the following strategies is most consistent with empowerment in coun¬seling and psychotherapy?
Helping the client view the counselor or therapist as expert.
Letting clients know specifically what goals they should be working toward.
Providing the client with a thorough explanation of the therapy process.
Pointing out to clients how their past behaviors have been ineffective.
1 points
QUESTION 54
Stage 1 (relationship development) of the helping process includes all but one of the following activities:
data gathering
rapport building
problem solution
initial meeting
1 points
QUESTION 55
A traditional technique in psychoanalysis that invites clients to relate what¬ever comes into their minds during the session without self-censorship is
Analyzing resistances
Posthypnotic suggestion
Free association
Dream analysis
1 points
QUESTION 56
According to Adler, which of the following is not one of the three life tasks?
Love
Community
Family
Work
1 points
QUESTION 57
The developer of dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) is:
Fritz Perls.
Albert Ellis.
Marsha Linehan.
Carl Rogers.
1 points
QUESTION 58
According to person-centered theory, for someone to be continuously believed and trusted by a client they must:
have years of professional experience.
know the right questions to ask.
be genuine.
not make mistakes.
1 points
QUESTION 59
A counselor directing a client to physically move during a session is an activity most likely to occur in which of the following approaches to family therapy?
structural
conjoint
narrative
transgenerational
1 points
QUESTION 60
In working with a triangulated relationship, Bowen would be inclined to:
remain detached, reinforcing calmness and rationality.
join the family.
side with one member involved in the triangle.
engage in self-disclosure to build trust.
1 points
QUESTION 61
Yalom's theory focused on all below except
the importance of the relationship
psychoanalytic/psychodynamic existential counseling
identifying wants and needs
death, freedom, isolation, and meaning
1 points
QUESTION 62
The dialectical behavior theory model proposes that a successful counseling intervention must meet five critical functions. Which of the following is not one of these functions?
boost the clients' capabilities
structure the environment so that the treatment can take place
ensure the clients' capabilities are specific to their environment
improve and preserve the clients' incentive to change
1 points
QUESTION 63
The goal of reality therapy is to
help clients raise their level of perception.
lower clients' level of perception.
fulfill wants and needs without infringing on the rights of others.
get in touch with reality.
1 points
QUESTION 64
A strategy of feminist counselors for empowering clients is to involve them in naming their problems and participating in directing the counseling process. This strategy is called:
gender role analysis.
demystifying the counseling process.
probing.
client empowerment.
1 points
QUESTION 65
Which of the following are true regarding advocacy as a part of counseling and psychotherapy?
Advocating for clients and client groups damages the therapeutic alliance.
Counselors or therapists should assume that clients cannot advocate for themselves.
Advocacy can take place at many different levels from individual to systemic.
Advocacy is different from counseling and psychotherapy in that clients do not need informed consent.
1 points
QUESTION 66
According to Ellis, shoulds, oughts, and musts do not fall under which of the following categories?
world-demandingness
self-demandingness
unconditional self-acceptance
other-demandingness
1 points
QUESTION 67
All of the following strategies are unique to feminist therapy except for:
encouraging clients to take social action.
gender-role analysis and intervention.
power analysis and intervention.
cognitive restructuring.
1 points
QUESTION 68
Empowerment and egalitarianism are the basis of the _______ therapeutic relationship.
Gestalt
feminist
psychoanalytic
existential
1 points
QUESTION 69
Adolescence is a time when existential issues
have not yet developed.
are found only in individuals who have been through trauma.
are real, death can no longer be denied.
are minimal because teens do not have many struggles.
1 points
QUESTION 70
Perls did not:
ask clients to focus on why they behaved in certain ways.
believe that human beings had the capacity and strength to grow, develop, and to become the persons that they desired.
believe that behavior is a result of mistaken beliefs.
have a passionate belief in the holistic nature of humankind.
1 points
QUESTION 71
Dialectical behavior theory is driven by three theories. Which of the following is not one of those?
behavior therapy
biosocial theory of borderline personality disorder
dialectics
Gestalt theory
1 points
QUESTION 72
____________ theory influenced the Association for Creativity in Counseling and creativity in counseling.
Reality
Gestalt
Psychoanalytic
Relational cultural
1 points
QUESTION 73
All of the following are goals of feminist therapy except for:
striving for gender equality.
freeing clients of gender role socialization.
confronting forms of institutional oppression.
resolving intrapsychic conflicts from early childhood
1 points
QUESTION 74
The founder of person-centered therapy is:
Natalie Rogers.
Carl Rogers.
Rollo May.
Frederick "Fritz" Perls.
1 points
QUESTION 75
Which of the following is used to conduct a lifestyle analysis?
Use of the miracle question
Questions about the family constellation
Uncovering unconscious thoughts
Asking the client about irrational thoughts
1 points
QUESTION 76
Self-efficacy refers to
a feeling of having respect for oneself.
a behavior therapy intervention.
gaining a better understanding of self.
a sense of personal competence or mastery.
1 points
QUESTION 77
When working with culturally diverse clients, narrative therapy can be used to help individuals from diverse backgrounds to do all of the following except
Decode systemic and macroaggressions
Combat discriminatory stories
Accept their social positioning
Deconstruct stereotypes
1 points
QUESTION 78
Regarding multicultural counseling, narrative therapy has been found to be particularly effective because:
it confronts mistaken beliefs.
it is brief.
it allows clients to tell their unique stories from their perspective and is founded in a sociocultural context.
the counselor teaches the client how to express feelings.
1 points
QUESTION 79
In practicing reality therapy, counselors and therapists focus on:
the interpersonal relationships of the client.
personal history.
family history.
insight into causes of behavior.
1 points
QUESTION 80
Overall, the onus is on the ____________ to be aware of his or her limits of practice as well as the limitations of transpersonal interventions with seriously mentally ill individuals.
counseling supervisor
state licensing board
transpersonal counselor
client
1 points
QUESTION 81
Currently, a major goal for feminist therapists is to
reenergize the consciousness-raising group movement
eliminate the use of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders diagnostic system in counseling
encourage more men to become feminist therapists
integrate multiculturalism and social justice into feminist therapy
1 points
QUESTION 82
Constructivist theorists posit that development is woven throughout the life span in a continuous process involving
self-love, self-respect, and self-identity.
self-definition, self-knowledge, and self-identity.
self-love, self-knowledge, and self-identity.
self-definition, self-knowledge, and self-respect.
1 points
QUESTION 83
Which of the following is not consistent with rational emotive behavior therapy?
Thinking, feeling, and behaving are interconnected.
Events or other people make us feel bad or good.
Emotional distress results from exaggeration, overgeneralization, and unvalidated assumptions.
Irrational beliefs emanate from environmental and genetic factors.
1 points
QUESTION 84
The term social interest does not refer to:
striving for a better future for all humans.
birth order
an individual's attitude in dealing with the social world.
a sense of identification and empathy with others.
1 points
QUESTION 85
The three people credited for the development of Gestalt therapy are:
Perls, Burber, and Nitche.
Perls, Kohler, and Koffka
Perls, Perls, and Goodman.
Rogers, Glassman, and Goodman.
1 points
QUESTION 86
Feminist theory is:
unified.
not a singular, unified counseling theory.
antimale.
profemale.
1 points
QUESTION 87
A key concept of Gestalt therapy is
externalizing conversations.
importance of the past.
unfinished business.
family of origin issues.
1 points
QUESTION 88
In the A-B-C model proposed by Ellis, the factor that creates the emotional and behavioral consequences is:
beliefs.
activating event.
consequences.
depression.
1 points
QUESTION 89
Which one of the following is not associated with the cognitive-behavioral action-oriented therapies?
reality therapy
rational emotive behavior therapy
existential therapy
cognitive therapy
1 points
QUESTION 90
Alfred Adler was the first to notice that the development of children within families was heavily influenced by:
birth order
rivalry among the children.
balance of control between parents.
the cultural context of the family.
1 points
QUESTION 91
The most common cognitive intervention in REBT therapy is
Helping the client identify unhealthy emotions
Disputation of irrational beliefs
Socratic questioning
Homework
1 points
QUESTION 92
Gestalt-therapy techniques are designed to help the client:
minimize depression and anxiety.
intensify feelings and expand awareness of the here-and-now.
analyze feelings.
free him or herself from specific behavioral symptoms.
1 points
QUESTION 93
A client tells the counselor that he is falling in love with the counselor. This is an example of:
Countertransference
Reaction formation
Resistance
Transference
1 points
QUESTION 94
Which of the following is not considered a necessary and sufficient condition for change in the person-centered framework?
accurate empathy
artistic expression
authenticity/genuineness
unconditional positive regard
1 points
QUESTION 95
Teasing out stressors poses a challenge for the family therapist because of the family's:
many stories.
severity of pain.
mistrust of therapy.
multigenerational issues.
1 points
QUESTION 96
Which of the following describes a strategy used to add depth and enhance the relationship?
avoiding any confrontation by the counselor or therapist
accurately diagnosing the client
attending to nonverbal behaviors of the client
informed consent
1 points
QUESTION 97
The creative counselor believes that pathologizing clients
reinforces the shame and stigma associated with mental illness
is helpful because it provides a starting point for treatment
is necessary to complete a treatment plan
should occur only after their assessment by a psychiatrist
1 points
QUESTION 98
Insoo Kim Berg referred to the unique position of the constructivist counselor during therapy as
All-knowing
Knowledge seeking
Non-knowing
Knowledge sharing
1 points
QUESTION 99
The founders of solution-focused brief therapy are
Frederick and Laura Perls.
Aaron Beck and Albert Ellis.
Michael White and David Epston.
Insoo Kim Berg and Steve de Shazer.
1 points
QUESTION 100
All of the following are techniques used in solution-focused therapy except for:
scaling questions
the miracle question
using a reflecting team
exception questions
1 points
QUESTION 101
To understand the impact of diversity on counseling and psychotherapy, which of the following is not essential?
the individual client's view of the world
the systems in which clients develop and live
the individual client's favorite foods
the impact of culture upon the client
1 points
QUESTION 102
Which of the following is not considered to be a traditional REBT intervention?
Spitting in the client's soup
Helping clients experience healthy negative emotions
Using humor, in the form of exaggeration, to help clients avoid taking themselves so seriously
Helping clients discriminate between rational and irrational beliefs
1 points
QUESTION 103
Dialectical behavior theory (DBT) was initially developed to treat:
histrionic personality disorder.
borderline personality disorder.
narcissistic personality disorder.
antisocial personality disorder.
1 points
QUESTION 104
The basic goal of psychoanalytic therapy is:
to analyze a client's lifestyle.
to make the unconscious conscious.
to examine irrational beliefs.
to solve a client's problems.
1 points
QUESTION 105
Heidegger's notions of choice, that each choice one makes represents the loss of an alternative, include all of the following except:
some choices are irrational and people need to train themselves not to make them with rewards and punishments.
future choices are limited due to past choices and the time remaining to fulfill them.
the past becomes important in terms of lost opportunities.
people have the freedom to choose but must balance this with responsibility.
1 points
QUESTION 106
People who respond to others by acting on the conditions of worth others place on them are most likely to lead productive, satisfying lives.
True
False
1 points
QUESTION 107
According to reality therapy, human beings change their behavior only if they change their level of perception.
True
False
1 points
QUESTION 108
A method in which the counselor or therapist leads the client through a number of questions to become aware of thoughts and distortions in thinking and to find and implement more adaptive replacements is called Socratic questioning.
True
False
1 points
QUESTION 109
Phenomenological perspective describes the concept that all persons view the world in a similar manner.
True
False
1 points
QUESTION 110
Immediacy is the ability of the counselor or therapist to deal with the relationship between past and present behaviors of the client.
True
False
1 points
QUESTION 111
The benefits of existential counseling are that it allows people to circumvent anxiety and escape thoughts of death and dying.
True
False
1 points
QUESTION 112
If a counselor is trained specifically in an expressive art technique, he or she does not need to integrate his or her approach with a theory.
True
False
1 points
QUESTION 113
One of the most attractive features of Gestalt theory is its attention to the holistic nature of humankind.
True
False
1 points
QUESTION 114
Existential counseling or psychotherapy provides an excellent context for addressing culture and diversity.
True
False
1 points
QUESTION 115
Rational emotive behavior therapy is based on the notion that what you feel is based on what you think.
True
False
1 points
QUESTION 116
Psychoanalytic theory suggests that behavior is largely determined by irrational forces, conscious motivations, and biological or instinctual drive.
True
False
1 points
QUESTION 117
The organized, realistic part of the psyche that mediates and seeks a balance between the other two is known as the superego.
True
False
1 points
QUESTION 118
Individuals are seen by Adlerians as wanting to contribute and cooperate for the betterment of self and others.
True
False
1 points
QUESTION 119
The counseling profession has fully adapted to the diversity of society.
True
False
1 points
QUESTION 120
In reality therapy, the environment or the counseling or psychotherapeutic atmosphere includes attending behaviors, doing the unexpected, and use of metaphors.
True
False
1 points
QUESTION 121
The increasing diversity of the U.S. population is often used as a rationale for paying closer attention to social and cultural differences in counseling.
True
False
1 points
QUESTION 122
The term transpersonal means beyond the personal, ego, or self.
True
False
1 points
QUESTION 123
The dialectical behavior theory model uses individual therapy, group therapy, and phone coaching.
True
False
1 points
QUESTION 124
Jung parted ways with Sigmund Freud over Freud's emphasis on biological drives and sexual urges as prime human motivating factors.
True
False
1 points
QUESTION 125
Murray Bowen is acknowledged by many as the pioneer in applying cybernetic systems thinking to human interaction.
True
False
1 points
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