Read the articles "Ideas & Trends: The Perfect Traffic Jam; Hurricane Floyd: Lessons in the Evacuation" and "Hurricane Floyd - A Night To Remember, A Day Of Evacuation Frustration To Forget".  Descri

 Read the articles "Ideas & Trends: The Perfect Traffic Jam; Hurricane Floyd: Lessons in the Evacuation" and "Hurricane Floyd - A Night To Remember, A Day Of Evacuation Frustration To Forget".  Describe the unanticipated consequences of evacuation orders issued in advance of Hurricane Floyd in 1999.  What assumptions do emergency officials make about citizen behavior?  What are the lessons learned? 

Human Behavior in Critical Incidents Part II (Warning and Evacuations)

Read or Review

• Module 2: Human Behavior in Critical Incidents: the following parts of the commentary:
  • Part II: Common Misconceptions about Critical Incident Behavior: The Myth: Warning, Evacuation and Sheltering Behavior
  • Part II: Common Misconceptions about Critical Incident Behavior: The Myth: Responders Will Fail to Report for Duty
  • Part III: Summary and Limitations
• O’Brien P.W. (2003). Risk Communication and Public Warning Response to the September 11th Attack on the World Trade Center, In Natural Hazards Research and Applications Information Center, Public Entity Risk Institute, and Institute for Civil Infrastructure Systems. http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download;jsessionid=9B05804AF7BBA70B5D23F9F6E5777512?doi=10.1.1.548.8133&rep=rep1&type=pdf
• Trainor, J. & Barsky, L. Reporting for duty?  A synthesis of research on role conflict, strain, and abandonment among emergency responders during disasters and catastrophes.  Disaster Research Center, University of Delaware. udspace.udel.edu/handle/19716/9885#files-area
• Lindell, M., Prater, C. Perry, R. (2006, July 15). Myths and realities of household disaster response.  From the Fundamentals of Emergency Management Course Federal Emergency Management Center, EMI, http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&ved=0CDwQFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Ftraining.fema.gov%2FEMIWeb%2Fedu%2Fdocs%2Ffem%2FChapter%25208%2520-%2520Myths%2520and%2520Realities%2520of%2520Household%2520Dis%2520Resp.doc&ei=7m7FUqyAFcaDkQeW1IHwDQ&usg=AFQjCNHWAPL1mjrOXvJ3B65Lc-oYkoQbjA&bvm=bv.58187178,d.eW0  (downloads a file)
• Quarantelli, E.L. (1990). The warning process and evacuation behavior: The research evidence preliminary paper #148. Newark, DE: University of Delaware - Disaster Research Center http://dspace.udel.edu:8080/dspace/bitstream/handle/19716/520/PP148.pdf?sequence=3
• Stallings, R. (1984). Evacuation behavior at Three Mile Island, International Journal of Mass Emergencies and Disasters, 2, 11-26.  http://www.ijmed.org/articles/448/download/
• Sheppard, B., Janoske, M., & Liu, B. (2012, May). Understanding risk communication theory: A guide for emergency managers and communicators. http://www.start.umd.edu/start/publications/UnderstandingRiskCommunicationTheory.pdf
• National Science and Technology Council Committee on Environment and Natural Resources. (2000). Effective Disaster Warnings. Washington, DC: GPO http://tap.gallaudet.edu/emergency/nov05conference/EmergencyReports/EffectiveDisasterWarnings.pdf  (p. 15-39)
• Read https://www.nytimes.com/1999/09/19/weekinreview/ideas-trends-the-perfect-traffic-jam-hurricane-floyd-lessons-in-the-evacuation.html
• Read https://www.fema.gov/news-release/2000/09/14/hurricane-floyd-night-remember-day-evacuation-frustration-forget