1. What is the purpose of endospore formation? Why is it so common in soil organisms?2. Why can we use a "negative" stain to view capsules?3. a) Flagella are very difficult to view in a light

1.    What is the purpose of endospore formation? Why is it so common in soil organisms?

2.    Why can we use a "negative" stain to view capsules?

3.    a) Flagella are very difficult to view in a light microscope unless special staining is used.  Why is this the case?

4.    b) What methods can we employ to indirectly detect the presence of a flagella (ie. NOT a staining method), given that it is so hard to see?

5.    Why do organisms each exist in a narrow range of temperature and pH? Explain what is happening outside of their range during high and low temperature or high and low pH (consider each situation separately).

6.    Briefly describe the gas pak procedure (In your own words)

7.    What does it mean to "balance" a sample in the centrifuge? Why is this necessary?