1Marks: 4With regard to biological or genetic differences between people, sociologists have found that:Choose one answer.a.Differences in IQ tests between...

1Marks: 4With regard to biological or genetic differences between people, sociologists have found that:Choose one answer.a. Differences in IQ tests between minorities and nonminorities likely result from genetic differences between groups. b. Stigmatized minorities in all countries have lower IQ scores, lower educational attainment, and lower occupational status, indicating that these minorities are biologically less able to succeed. c. Stigmatized minorities in all countries have lower IQ scores, lower educational attainment, and lower occupational status, indicating that social processes of stratification and stigmatization affect the life chances of these groups d. Differences in educational attainment between minorities and nonminorities are due to a combination of genetics and negative stereotyping  Question2Marks: 4The faith of Americans tends to be more broad than deep. This is evidenced by which of the following results from research?Choose one answer.a. People from 65 countries were asked to rate, on a scale of 1 to 10, the importance of God in their lives; 50% of Americans responded with a 10. b. 58% of Americans believe in the devil and 77% believe in heaven c. A little over 26% of Americans are white evangelical Protestants d. Of those Americans who agree that the Bible is the inspired word of God, only half can name the first book of the Bible  Question3Marks: 4The examples of more and more people bowling and eating alone are used to highlight which of the following?Choose one answer.a. how bowling is gaining popularity among widows and widowers b. the decrease in social capital c. how bowling is affecting young, single gay men d. the increase in social capital  Question4Marks: 4In which two early social movements were religious groups involved?Choose one answer.a. women’s rights and the right to life b. abolition and temperance c. voting rights and civil rights d. abortion and abolition  Question5Marks: 4Taking into account students’ family backgrounds, ____________ schools tend to outperform ____________ schools in preparing children academically.Choose one answer.a. Catholic; non-Catholic private b. public; Catholic c. non-Catholic private; Catholic d. less expensive private; very expensive private  Question6Marks: 4A society of commerce in which the maximization of profit is the primary incentive for employment.Answer:TrueFalse Question7Marks: 4Which of the following is Durkheim’s term meaning a sense of aimlessness or despair that arises when we can no longer reasonably expect life to be more or less predictable?Choose one answer.a. anomie b. mechanical solidarity c. collective conscience d. organic solidarity  Question8Marks: 4Tomas transfers to a new school when his family moves to a new district, and he is placed in a classroom with students who have slightly higher average math grades than he does. Tomas is concerned that he will fall behind. Based on the research, what is the most likely outcome?Choose one answer.a. Tomas will fall behind and should be moved into a classroom where he has the highest scores b. Tomas will make stronger academic gains if he is tracked into a class with lower-achieving students c. Tomas will become frustrated and decide to leave school before completing his degree. d. Tomas will succeed and make academic gains when he is in the classes with other high achievers  Question9Marks: 4Due to growing anti-Americanism in the Middle East, new diplomatic efforts have included all of the following EXCEPT:Choose one answer.a. organizing a Middle East book tour for popular American authors b. buying expensive television ads featuring Angelina Jolie and Brad Pitt c. broadcasting positive messages about the United States over the radio d. dropping leaflets over Iraq  Question10Marks: 4Which type of social solidarity is based upon the sameness of the individual parts and people in a society, according to Durkheim?Choose one answer.a. anomic b. organic solidarity c. egoistic d. mechanical solidarity  Question11Marks: 4For some followers of religion, embodied practices make the religious experience feel more authentic and real. Which of the following is NOT an embodied practice?Choose one answer.a. beliefs b. breathing c. dancing d. shaking hands  Question12Marks: 4In the 1960s, Peter Berger wrote that pluralism would cause a ____________ in which religion would lose its legitimacy, as the ____________ would come apart. The result would be psychological malaise and a loss of meaning to lifeChoose one answer.a. crisis of credibility; sacred canopy b. secularization of society; tenets of faith c. diversity of belief structures; society d. resurgence of faith; tenets of faith  Question13Marks: 4What percentage of Americans claim a religious affiliation?Choose one answer.a. 90% b. 40% c. 25% d. 75%  Question14Marks: 4When the Bureau of Indian Affairs attempted to “civilize” Native American children by taking them away from their homes to reduce the influence of their families, educating them in boarding schools, and forbidding them to speak languages other than English, it was attempting to ____________ the children to dominant American values.Choose one answer.a. diffuse b. convert c. steal d. assimilate  Question15Marks: 4A married couple and their firstborn child are a type of group known as:Choose one answer.a. a party b. a dyad c. a triad d. a small group  Question16Marks: 4According to Levitt and Donahue’s 2001 research, which factor “was one of the greatest crime-lowering factors in American history”?Choose one answer.a. the Internet b. legalized abortion c. tougher gun laws d. World War II  Question17Marks: 4The fact that relatively weak ties that are not reinforced through indirect paths often turn out to be the most valuable, especially in job searches, is known as:Choose one answer.a. the strength of weak ties b. networking c. embeddedness d. a structural hole  Question18Marks: 4A politically based system of stratification characterized by unlimted social mobility is a caste system.Answer:TrueFalse Question19Marks: 4Which theory explains how social context and social cues impact the way individuals act; specifically, whether or not local, informal norms allow acts such as vandalizing an abandoned car?Choose one answer.a. symbolic interactionist theory b. strain theory c. differential opportunity theory d. broken windows theory  Question20Marks: 4The idea that everyone should have an equal starting point is the equality of condition and not the equality of outcome.Answer:TrueFalse Question21Marks: 4Which of the following statements is FALSE?Choose one answer.a. Affirmative action programs at colleges and universities are designed to provide opportunities to historically underrepresented groups and to increase diversity on campuses b. Abolishing affirmative action programs would significantly increase white students’ chances of gaining admission to elite schools c. Admissions decisions to colleges and universities include preferential treatment for race, ethnicity, gender, and other characteristics such as unusual backgrounds, leadership experiences, or having grown up in a rural area d. When black and Hispanic students attend more selective colleges and universities, they have a greater chances of graduating  Question22Marks: 4Which fictional 1950s television family is highlighted at the beginning of Chapter 7?Choose one answer.a. the Munsters b. the Nelsons c. the Simpsons d. the Cleavers  Question23Marks: 4As discussed in Chapter 7, which group of women is least likely to get an abortion?Choose one answer.a. Asian women b. white women c. Latino women d. black women  Question24Marks: 4A set of stories that explain the content of a particular relationship are known as a:Choose one answer.a. connection b. dyad c. tie d. triad  Question25Marks: 4Marital rates among blacks in the United States have declined sinceChoose one answer.a. the twenty-first century began b. 1865 c. 1915 d. the 1960s