According to Jim Cummins, social language (BICS) takes 1-3 years while academic language (CALPS) is more difficult and takes 5-8 years to develop. How can teachers help English language learners devel

According to Jim Cummins, social language (BICS) takes 1-3 years while academic language (CALPS) is more difficult and takes 5-8 years to develop. How can teachers help English language learners develop academic language? How can teachers reach out to students who are in the Silent Period?