After reading the Bloomberg article quot; Recession Generation Opts to Rent Not Buy Houses to Cars quot; use the five determinants of price

After reading the Bloomberg article "

Recession Generation Opts to Rent Not Buy Houses to Cars

" use the five determinants of price elasticity of demand (PED) to characterize the PED for new houses and

new cars. How does the new hourly car rental business affect the PED for cars? How has the recession

affected the PED for cars and houses—especially for young adults? Use a graph to illustrate one of your

answers (showing changes in PED for housing or cars).

Graphs can either be drawn using a program

(Word or Paint), or you can draw the graphs by hand and scan them into your computer. The article is shown below:

Recession Generation Opts to Rent Not Buy

Houses to Cars

By Caroline Fairchild | Bloomberg - 11 hours ago

The day Michael Anselmo signed a lease on his first apartment in

New York City, he lost his job

at Buck Consultants LLC. He spent about 10 months struggling to pay rent with unemployment

benefits. Two years later he's still hesitant to buy a home or even a road bike.

"Every decision that I have made since I lost my job has been colored by that insecurity I feel

about the future," said Anselmo, 28, who now rents an apartment in Austin, Texas, and works as

a consultant for UnitedHealth Group Inc. "Buying a house is just further out on the timeline for

me than it used to be."

Anselmo and many of his peers are wary about making large purchases after entering adulthood

in the deepest recession and weakest recovery since World War II. Confronting a jobless rate

above 8 percent since 2009 and student-loan debt hitting about $1 trillion, 20-to-34-year-olds are

renting apartments, cars and even clothing to save money and stay flexible.

As the Great Depression shaped the attitudes of a generation from 1929 until the early years of

World War II, so have the financial crisis and its aftermath affected the outlook of young

consumers like Anselmo, said Cliff Zukin, a professor of public policy and political science at

the Edward J. Bloustein School of Planning and Public Policy at Rutgers, the state university of

New Jersey.

Recession Effects

"This is a generation that is scared of commitment, wants to be light on their feet and needs to

adjust to whatever happens," said Zukin, who's researched the effects of the recession on recent

college graduates. "What once was seen as a solid investment, like a house or a car, is now seen

as a ball and chain with a lot of risk to it."

One key difference is that technology now allows companies to provide younger consumers

access to what they want, when they want it and at a reduced cost, said Paco Underhill, founder

of New York-based consumer-behavior research and consulting firm Envirosell.

"Renting is something that is in play that wasn't in play during the Great Depression," he said.

"To a modern generation, ownership isn't about having it forever, it is about having it when you

need to have it," said Underhill, who has studied shopper behavior.

Hourly Rental

Enterprise Holdings Inc. and Hertz Global Holdings Inc. (HTZ) are expanding in what the Santa

Monica, California-based research firm IBISWorld estimates to be the $1.8 billion hourly car-

rental business, a segment dominated by younger drivers and made popular by Zipcar Inc. (ZIP)

Startups such as Rent the Runway Inc. are supplying high-fashion apparel to satisfy those who

want to wear, not own. CORT, a unit of Warren Buffett's Berkshire Hathaway Inc. (BRK/A), is

increasing its furniture-rental marketing efforts to college students and fledgling households, said

Mark Koepsell, CORT's senior vice president.

"Renting makes a lot of sense," said

David Blanchflower, professor of economics at Dartmouth

College in New Hampshire and a Bloomberg Television contributing editor. "They have no

money and they are not buying fridges and they are not buying the things they normally buy

when they set up homes. Their incomes are a lot lower."

College graduates earned less coming out of the recession, according to a May study by the John

J. Heldrich Center for Workforce Development at Rutgers. Those graduating during 2009 to

2011 earned a median salary in their starting job $3,000 less than the $30,000 seen in 2007. The

majority of students owed $20,000 to pay off their education, and 40 percent of the 444 college

graduates surveyed said their loan debt is causing them to delay major purchases such as a house

or a car. The U.S. Consumer Financial Protection Bureau said in March it appeared

student loans

had reached $1 trillion "several months" earlier.

U.S. Economy

The U.S. economy shrank 4.7 percent from December 2007 to June 2009, making it the deepest

and longest slump in the post- war era. In the three years since the recession ended, the economy

has expanded 6.7 percent, the weakest recovery since World War II.

Even as the housing market shows some signs of revival, the slow pace of recovery is keeping

the younger generation fearful of investments rather than confident about building wealth for the

future, said Jeffrey Lubell, executive director for the Center for Housing Policy, based in

Washington. First-time home buyers in 2011 accounted for the smallest percentage of the total

since 2006, according to the National Association of Realtors. The vacancy rate of U.S. rental

properties is at its lowest level since 2002.

The shifting attitudes also pose a threat to retail sales, said Candace Corlett, president of New

York-based retail- strategy firm WSL Strategic Retail. Younger consumers are already

comfortable buying used items and borrowing from friends. Renting will only reinforce their

tendency not to buy new.

Post-Recession

"In a post-recession economy where retailers are trying to make every shopper count, it's the

wrong direction," she said. Retail sales fell in June for a third consecutive month, the longest

period of declines since 2008.

The by-the-hour segment accounts for about 6 percent of the $30.5 billion U.S. car-rental market,

a share that is forecast to rise to about 10 percent in five years, according to IBISWorld.

St. Louis-based Enterprise, the largest U.S. car-rental company, expanded in the segment in May

by acquiring Mint Cars On-Demand, an hourly car-rental firm with locations in

New York and

Boston. Half of Enterprise's customers in this segment are under 35, according to company

spokeswoman Laura Bryant.

Hertz, which began renting cars by the hour in 2008, plans to equip its entire 375,000-vehicle

U.S. fleet with the technology for hourly rental within about a year, said Richard Broome, senior

vice president of corporate affairs and communications for the Park Ridge, New Jersey-based

company.

Fuel Costs

"It made sense to reach the younger demographic to get involved in car sharing," Broome said.

Those 34 and younger make up 84 percent of Hertz's by-the-hour customer base, he said. "The

higher costs of insurance, the higher costs of fuel, the economics would lead someone to

conclude that it's a better decision to rent the car or do car sharing than it is to own a car."

Zipcar, the Cambridge, Massachusetts-based company that joined the market segment in 2000,

says it now has about 731,000 members and more than 11,000 vehicles worldwide. More than

half of Zipcar's customers are under 35, said Mark Norman, the company's president and chief

operating officer.

"Whether it's movies by the month, music by the song or formal wear by the occasion, all of

those are a smarter way to think about consumption, and Zipcar fits into that really well," he

said. Zipcar's shares have dropped 43 percent this year under the threat of the new competition.

New Cars

While sales of new cars are rebounding, 18-to-34-year-olds accounted for 11.8 percent of vehicle

registrations for new cars in the five months through May, compared with 16.5 percent in May

2007, according to data from R.L. Polk & Co., an auto- industry research company based in

Southfield, Michigan.

Jared Fruchtman, 25, said using Zipcar gives him about $600 more a month to spend on dinners

out, cab rides and trips on the weekends.

"It wasn't financially worthwhile to buy or lease a car right now," said Fruchtman, who is

studying to be a certified public accountant and lives with his girlfriend in a rented apartment in

San Francisco.

"I never considered buying," he said. "It didn't make sense to tie ourselves down right now."

High Fashion

That attitude extends to clothes. Rent the Runway, a website that offers high-fashion gowns and

other couture for around 10 percent of the purchase price, is also targeting younger consumers.

President Jennifer Fleiss, 28, said its business model is "almost recession proof." Since its start in

2009, the company has grown to about 3 million online members and is adding approximately

100,000 per month. In May 2011, the New York-based company raised $15 million in

venture

capital from outside investors, said Fleiss. Rent the Runway members typically range from 15 to

35 years old, she said.

Lindsay Abrams, 22, started working in 2009 as an on-campus representative at Vanderbilt

University in Nashville, Tennessee, one of 175 colleges with company-sponsored teams to drive

brand awareness.

"The recession has been an important part of Rent the Runway's popularity," said Abrams, who

has rented about 15 dresses and is now a customer communications associate for the company.

"For people my age, the new thing is renting versus buying. It is a great way to save money."

Furniture companies are also getting in on the act. Chantilly, Virginia-based CORT, the world's

largest provider of rental furniture, boosted its efforts in 2009 to reach college students and

younger customers.

Student Furniture

Koepsell, the senior vice president, said the company was "foolish" not to aim for the market

earlier. Last year, CORT provided furniture to about 15,000 students and predicts that number

will grow to 25,000 this year.

Among CORT's customers is Michael Ferraiolo, a 20-year-old senior at Virginia Tech, who pays

$198 monthly for everything from beds to a coffee table to furnish the rented townhouse he

shares with two roommates in Blacksburg, Virginia.

"With the job market such an uncertainty, none of us know where they are going to end up,"

Ferraiolo said. "Now, more than ever, you see people moving around in different job markets all

throughout their career. We just don't know what to expect."

Shifting attitudes about larger purchases aren't the only reason preventing young consumers from

buying. Stricter lending practices and higher requirements for down payments on houses and cars

are crowding out buyers, Blanchflower, the Dartmouth economist, said.

Build Wealth

For those who choose to rent not buy, there's a price to pay, said Lubell of the Center for

Housing Policy. By foregoing purchases of assets like homes, young people are giving up on a

chance to build wealth, he said.

"What you are seeing is a delay in all the kinds of decisions that require a long-term financially

stable future," Lubell said. "That's home purchases, that's marriage and that's having kids."