All else held constant, the book value of owners' equity will decrease when: the market value of inventory increases b. dividends exceed net income...

All else held constant, the book value of owners' equity will decrease when:

a. the market value of inventory increases

b. dividends exceed net income for a period

c. cash is used to pay accounts payable.

d. a long term debt is repaid

e. taxable income increases

Please explain