All of the following characterized the "managed landscape" of western Europe as distinct (different) from the landscape of the Americas on the eve of...

1.    All of the following characterized the "managed landscape" of western Europe as distinct (different) from the landscape of the Americas on the eve of Old World/New World contact, EXCEPT:

a. Animals mostly domesticated

b. Land almost wholly cleared of forest and fenced

c. Agriculture

d. Hunting mostly limited to poaching or sport inside the "king's woods"

e. Declining wood and fish resources