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Anxiety and Country This study examined differences inanxiety level between an industrial country and a nonindustrial country.
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This study examined differences inanxiety level between an industrial country and a nonindustrial country.Anxiety is assessed three ways—cognitive, affective, and behavioral—with higherscores indicating higher levels of the anxiety dimensions.
Directions:
Using the SPSS data file for Module 5(located in Topic Materials), answer the following questions. NOTE: Helpfulhints are provided here for you to use while answering these questions.
1. What is the ONE independentvariable in this study? What are the dependent variables?
2. Why is a one-waybetween-subjects MANOVA appropriate to use for this research design?
HINT:
Consider the number of IVs and the numberof DVs for your answer.
3. Did you find any errors thatthe researcher made when setting up the SPSS data file (don’t forget to checkthe variable view)? If so, what did you find? How did you correct it?
HINT:
YES! The Measures (for scale ofmeasurement) is wrong for each of the 4 variables! You need to indicate whatwas wrong and what should be the correct measures.
4. Perform Initial Data Screening.What did you find regarding missing values, univariate outliers, multivariateoutliers, normality? Although you are not asked to make adjustments, whatshould you consider when you find these kinds of outcomes?
HINTS:
· For missing values, see CaseProcessing Summary
· Univariate outliers: inspectboxplots
· Multivariate outliers: Don’tforget to create the Case ID variable to do this analysis. Then, perform a regression analysis withCaseID as the DV and Country as the IV in order to compute the Mahalanobisdistance measures. Be sure to click Save when you are setting up the regressionso the regression scores will be saved to a new variable (automatically namedMAH_1). Then, Explore MAH_1 scores, remembering to check the “Outliers” boxthat is found with Plots. This will giveyou information about multivariate outliers.
· Normality:
§ Examine the skewness and kurtosis values for each dependentvariable:
§ Examining the histograms
§ Examine the Shapiro-Wilks’ results
5. Perform a one-waybetween-subjects MANOVA on the data. Before interpreting the results of the MANOVA, check outcomes that testother assumptions for this statistic: equality of covariance matrices (see Box’s Test) and sufficientcorrelation among the DVs (see Bartlett’s Test of Sphericity). Also check the results of the Levene’s Testof Equality of Error Variances to evaluate that assumption for the univariateANOVAs that are run and show in the Tests of Between-Subjects Effects output.What have you found about whether the data meet these additional assumptionsfor the MANOVA and followup ANOVAs?
HINTS:
· Be sure to read theinstructions very carefully in the textbook for what to check to get theseresults for these tests of assumptions (e.g., you have to check Residual SSCPmatrix within Options to get the results of the Bartlett’s Test of Sphericity).
· Be sure to review what astatistically significant outcome means for each test: in some cases, it meansa violation, but in others it means an assumption is met.
6. What is the outcome of the multivariate tests (which looks at theeffects of the IV on all three DVs at the same time)? Given results of your tests for homogeneityof variance-covariance matrices for the dependent variables, is it moreappropriate to use Wilks’ lambda or Pillai’s trace to interpret outcomes, ordoes it make a difference? Report either the Pillai’s Trace or Wilks’s Lambdafor your results, as well as the associated F value and its statisticalsignificance. Use the following formatfor notation: Pillai’s Trace OR Wilks’lambda = ____; F(df, df) = ____, p = ____, h2= _____. What does this information tell you aboutthe difference between the two countries on the linear combination (thevariate) of the dependent variables?
HINT:
Here, and ONLY for a one-wayMANOVA with only two groups for the IV, eta squared and partial eta squaredare the same value; you can use the value given for partial eta squared in theSPSS results of the Multivariate Tests to be eta squared, h2, and save the step of hand calculating h2 .)
7. Given the results of the multivariate tests, is it OK now to move on tointerpret the results of the Tests of Between-Subjects Tests? Why? Explain. If yes, what are the results and what do they mean? (Report each of theresults using the format of F(df, df)= _____, p = _____ , h2 = _____ for each DV. )
8. Citing the results of yourstatistical analyses, what is the conclusion you can draw (and support)regarding research question that was posed in this research (see problemstatement)?
HINT: Use the sample results write-upin the textbook to see what you should report and how to say it. Just substitute the correct language andvalues for the analyses you have done for this problem.
