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QUESTION
Are the context-free languages closed under each of the following operations?
Are the context-free languages closed under each of the following operations? Prove your answer.a) chop(L) = {w : ∃x∈L (x = x1cx2 ∧ x1 ∈ ΣL* ∧ x2 ∈ ΣL* ∧ c ∈ ΣL ∧ |x1| = |x2| ∧ w = x1x2)}.b) Letter substitution
