can you answer extra true/false questions?

can you answer extra true/false questions?At its height, the city of Athens had more slaves than citizens.Answer True False .5 points Question 2 ThePelopponesian War demonstrated the positive effects of unity among the Greek cities, reduced class tensions and created an enhanced appreciation of both democracy and traditional elites.Answer True False .5 points Question 3 Freedom in Periclean Athens was based both upon individualism, as it is today in America, as well as an emphasis on achieving both social and economic equality.Answer True False .5 points Question 4 Empiricism, whose greatest champion was Aristotle, is a philosophy rooted in the physical observation of the natural world.Answer True False .5 points Question 5 During the Hellenistic period, the great city of Alexandria in Egypt became the cultural center for Greek art, science and scholarship in the known world.Answer True False .5 points Question 6 In confronting the advancing armies of Persia, Greek city states did not weigh their own local interests first, but were primarily motivated by patriotism and love of freedom.Answer True False .5 points Question 7 The Cynics (cynically) thought that materialism was the source of happiness and that by working hard and earning material things, that a responsible individual could achieve greater personal freedom and have more choices in life.Answer True False .5 points Question 8 Athenian imperialism made possible for Athens to become extremely wealthy and powerful. But this was accomplished at the cost of her allies, who were themselves denied the same political freedoms and rights and economically and militarily exploited by their democratic Athenian 'protector'.Answer True False .5 points Question 9 In terms of science, the Hellenistic period was a disappointment with few new ideas or inventions that may have enhanced our knowledge or appreciation of the natural world.Answer True False .5 points Question 10 The Athenian victory at Marathon confirmed that the hoplite phalanx was the finest infantry formation in the Mediterranean world.Answer True False .5 points Question 11 To Plato, it was best that philosophers rule over others in society because unlike common ignorant and deluded citizens, philosophers are the only ones capable of understanding reality.Answer True False .5 points Question 12 According to the Stoics, there is no divinely ordered universe, that people must deal with the reality of natural anarchy, and that evil is a consequence of people becoming locked into delusional concepts about 'their place in the 'divine plan'.p.79Answer True False .5 points Question 13 The real goal of the Epicureans was not so much the emphasis on seeking pleasure, but on reducing needless desires to just those that were simple and attainable.Answer True False .5 points Question 14 The reason why Xerxes retreated back to Persia after the Battle of Salamis was because his land army had been completely destroyed, he failed to attract any Greek allies, and his fighting techniques were not as effective as the Greek hoplite phalanx.Answer True False .5 points Question 15 Because Athenian democracy was pretty much run by amateurs, public life was dominated by the most effective speakers, the demagogues, who could sway crowds (and votes) with their rhetoric even though they held no elected office.Answer True False .5 points Question 16 Hellenism combined the eastern aspects of centralized governments ruled over by kings together with traditional Greek urban cultural life to produce a hybrid system with features of both civilizations.Answer True False .5 points Question 17 The life of a female in classical Greece resembled little the life of a woman in America today because females then were required to be under the constant protection of a male guardian and spend most of their social lives confined to restricted parts of the home.Answer True False .5 points Question 18 Alexander of Macedon, is remembered more as a conqueror than as a ruler probably because he died at the age of 32, after having proven just what a terrible ruler he was likely to be given his alcoholic binges, homosexual lifestyle and cruel and racist treatment of the Persians at all levels of society.Answer True False .5 points Question 19 The only people who could legally own land in Attica were the metoikoi, or metics.Answer True False .5 points Question 20 The first true history, because it sought to explain things such as motives and circumstances, was Herodotus' history: historia, about the origins and events surrounding the conflict between the Greeks and the Persians.Answer True False chap 3Question 1 Contributing greatly to Rome's initial success was a combination of ruthlessness in war combined with a relative generosity in victory towards the defeated peoples of the Italian Peninsula.Answer True False .5 points Question 2 The Roman Senate was much like the US Senate, an assembly of elected officials, mostly quite young, elected for limited terms by an enfranchised electorate.Answer True False .5 points Question 3 In the Roman republic, power was shared at every level by two or more equals who were elected for fixed terms, and at the top were two consuls each selected for one-year terms.Answer True False .5 points Question 4 Religion in Rome was about a personal relationship with the gods and was an essentially private activity carried out wherever the numina required worship.Answer True False .5 points Question 5 In the end, Rome won its wars over Carthage because they were able to bury class differences, retain the loyalty of most of their allies, and because they had gifted commanders such as Scipio Africanus.Answer True False .5 points Question 6 The Etruscan civilization began to weaken after they lost control of the sea, and on land were challenged by the growing populations of Celts to the North and Romans to the South.Answer True False .5 points Question 7 The two basic social classes in Roman society were the plebes and the equites.Answer True False .5 points Question 8 Sometime around 800 B.C. E. the Italic peoples were moving onto and settling the Italian Peninsula. At the same time, the Phoenicians began arriving and building their own cities on the coast of North Africa and on Sicily.Answer True False .5 points Question 9 The foundation for Roman republican government originated in Etruscan assemblies that had combined in order to prevent any one individual from taking power.Answer True False .5 points Question 10 Based upon Roman foundation myths, we know that Rome was actually settled by the twin brothers, Romulus and Remus, who became the clan fathers of all the Roman gentes.Answer True False .5 points Question 11 In Rome, to 'exercise the imperium' meant to deploy Roman forces beyond the traditional boundaries of the Roman state.Answer True False .5 points Question 12 "Greater Greece" refers to the collection of Greek colonies that populated the lower half of the Italian Peninsula and on the Island of Sicily.Answer True False .5 points Question 13 Because Etruscan women played, like Greek women, a very passive and hidden role in society, Greeks generally considered Etruscan women to be much more civilized that either Roman or Carthaginian women who they thought were rather lewd.Answer True False .5 points Question 14 Each of the Roman gentes was headed by a paterfamilias who had the authority of life or death over every member of the family.Answer True False .5 points Question 15 Rome won the First Punic War after 20 years of slugging it out with Carthage, mostly because they had already destroyed Greece and could do so without worrying about their eastern flank.Answer True False .5 points Question 16 For Romans, the ideal soldier was a farmer who served the state and then returned to work his farm.Answer True False .5 points Question 17 Roman mothers were never legally related to their children, and wives and mothers were not fully a part of their husband's families.Answer True False .5 points Question 18 The Etruscan civilization was the first to develop into a centralized empire on the Italian Peninsula, and it was this highly organized and tightly knit empire that was able to project its power to defeat Carthage.Answer True False .5 points Question 19 Carthage depended upon its vast land-based empire for protection of its commercial empire and because of their complete inability to compete at sea, was unable to become either stable or prosperous.Answer True False .5 points Question 20 In second century Rome, the corruption of extortion, bribe-taking and dishonest contractors symbolized the decline of Roman republican virtues.Answer True False chap 4Question 1 Romans, by and large, were generally more interested in human behavior and character than they were in the sciences, though they supported the work of the Greek scientists of Alexandria.Answer True False .5 points Question 2 Emperor Augustus felt that Rome's declining birth rate and corruption could be blamed on the bad influence of foreigners, especially the growing popularity of Greek homosexual practices.Answer True False .5 points Question 3 Octavian's power was supported by his huge wealth, the loyalty of the upper class and his control over the armies of Rome.Answer True False .5 points Question 4 By the end of the first century, Christian authority was claimed to derive from the bishops' status as miracle workers who roamed around converting pagans with numerous feats of unexplainable healing, bringing people back to life, and so on.Answer True False .5 points Question 5 About the the reign of the Antonines, it has been said that it was,'the period in the history of the world during which the human race was the most poor and miserable.'Answer True False .5 points Question 6 Romans considered Christians to be a dangerous and subversive cult because they worshiped a Jewish and therefore unpopular and suspicious foreign god p.125Answer True False .5 points Question 7 Roman emperors, acting in the role of tribunes to the people, brought them, free grain handouts, water-filled aqueducts, and theaters and Colosseum-style entertainments.Answer True False .5 points Question 8 As the Christian church grew and became more organized, women, were excluded from positions of authority as the Christian community came increasingly to resemble the Roman patriarchal household.Answer True False .5 points Question 9 The reason that Julius Caesar was assassinated was that he had previously killed the brother of Marcus Brutus who had spoken against his becoming pontifexmaximus.Answer True False .5 points Question 10 Among the Hasidim of Jewish society in occupied Judea, the Pharisees and Zealots disagreed strongly over whether or not they should fight the Roman occupation.Answer True False .5 points Question 11 When Caesar crossed the Rubicon, he set in motion a civil war against the Roman forces of Pompey that would end with Caesar taking power in Rome.Answer True False .5 points Question 12 The Roman imperial government was supported by a combination of taxes, rents, forced labor, military service, requisitions and outright extortion.Answer True False .5 points Question 13 Paul's theological message of the suffering of Jesus as a redemptive sacrifice for original sin offered salvation for those who believed, prayed and were baptized.Answer True False .5 points Question 14 Around the first century B.C.E. the slave population of Italy was negligible, probably only around 10% of the population, but they were treated so well, sometimes as family, that they never attempted to revolt against their owners.Answer True False .5 points Question 15 The Tribunes Tiberius Gracchus and Gaius Gracchus were murdered by the Senators of Rome because they attempted to undo the needed land reforms put in place by the Roman Senate.Answer True False .5 points Question 16 Augustus' long rule ushered in a period of conflict in the empire known as the Bellum Romana in which Rome was constantly at war with some neighbor or another, draining the imperial coffers of gold and raising the price of wheat throughout the empire.Answer True False .5 points Question 17 Christianity began as a small Jewish sect based upon the martyrdom of its leader Joshua ben Joseph at the hands of the local Roman procurator.Answer True False .5 points Question 18 Paul of Tarsus, a Roman citizen, saw Christianity as an entirely new Hellenistic, non-Jewish mystery religion that adapted well to Roman paternalism, and so denied that Christianity was in any sense a fulfillment of Judaism or of the Old Testament.Answer True False .5 points Question 19 Official Roman religious cults were challenged in the first century C.E. by mystery cults that promised eternal life and a personal relationship with a god.Answer True False .5 points Question 20 After the Roman conquests of the Mediterranean region, Roman wealth became concentrated in the hands of a few, the optimates.Answer True False chap 5Question 1 Monasticism began as a rejection of worldly civilization and a return to a life of religious contemplation.Answer True False .5 points Question 2 The wholesale settlement of barbarians in the empire as useful allies was not the major factor in the eventual transformation of the western Roman empire. The most important factor was the loss of pagan faith in their gods and the resulting loss of prosperity and Roman self-confidence and strength that came, as they believed, from their gods.Answer True False .5 points Question 3 Under the tetrarchy, Diocletian divided Rome into quarters, and each quarter was ruled by its own king serving under Diocletian, who then retired to his estate.Answer True False .5 points Question 4 The Goths were different from other Germanic tribes in the sense that their kings were military rather than religious leaders.Answer True False .5 points Question 5 According to Augustine, God granted salvation to an elect, and that salvation could not simply be earned by leading a virtuous life.Answer True False .5 points Question 6 Wergeld was a Germanic custom of payment by the offender to the victim which began because trials by combat and clan feuds were so destructive to life and limb.Answer True False .5 points Question 7 Over the centuries, the Christian religion was transformed from a persecuted minority into a privileged majority within the empire, and this discontinuity with the biblical call to poverty led many to become religious hermits and to join in the growing monastic movement.Answer True False .5 points Question 8 In the third century, the vast territory of the Roman Empire experienced a strain on both labor and resources, as capital for investment and existing levels of taxation failed to keep up with the reality that the empire was overextended.Answer True False .5 points Question 9 The origins of European serfdom began under the reforms of Diocletian in which the coloni became bound to their lands and could not leave the villages in which they were registered to pay taxes.Answer True False .5 points Question 10 Rome's huge military expenditures were expensive to support, but the rest of Roman society was able to shoulder the cost of empire because it was able to tax across a broad spectrum of Roman society and so managed to escape the spiraling inflation usually associated with bloated military-dominated states.Answer True False .5 points Question 11 The Great Persecution against the evolving Christian religion began in 303 when Christians were blamed for poisoning the water supply that ran by aqueducts into the center of Rome and filled all the baths and water fountains.Answer True False .5 points Question 12 It would be far more accurate to describe the western half of the Roman Empire as having been transformed rather than having fallen.Answer True False .5 points Question 13 At the Battle of Milvian Bridge, clearly pagans and Christians saw the same symbol of the Chi Rho that Constantine had painted on the soldiers' shields, and interpreted this symbol to mean the rise of Christianity and the defeat of paganism.Answer True False .5 points Question 14 The humiliores in Roman society were poorer than the rich honestiores class but they were not completely disadvantaged because tax collectors squeezed the wealthy more more efficiently than they did the poor.Answer True False .5 points Question 15 Theological controversies in the early centuries of the church were settled typically by calling an assembly (synod) of bishops, such as the one at Nicea in 325 C.E. and having the Pope come from Rome and educate the assembled bishops what the true doctrine of the church was going to be.Answer True False .5 points Question 16 The Gothic peoples and their leaders were distrusted by the orthodox Christian clergy, because, though they were tolerable allies, they never converted to Christianity.Answer True False .5 points Question 17 The Visigoths defeated Emperor Valens at Adrianople in 378 C.E. as a direct result of the Roman state having treated the tribe as brutally when they sought assistance as the Huns did in warring against them.Answer True False .5 points Question 18 The eastern Roman empire was able to survive the age of barbarian invasions by returning to its Hellenistic traditions, keeping its administration in civilian hands, and by reaffirming the strength of the imperial government. p. 151Answer True False .5 points Question 19 Christianity grew rapidly in the fourth century solely as a result of the many miracles and uplifting preaching of the early church fathers and their representatives.Answer True False .5 points Question 20 In the third through the fifth centuries, Christians argued, often violently, on the nature of Christ as either entirely human (Arians) or entirely god (Gnostics and Monarchians).Answer True False chap 6Muslims pray to and worship Muhammad who they consider the voice of Allah.Answer True False .5 points Question 2 According to Muslims, the Qur'an (Koran) is the final revelation from God to mankind and that Muhammad was the last and the greatest prophet.Answer True False .5 points Question 3 The Abbasid Caliphate attempted to govern according to the Islamic principles found in the Qur'an (Koran) and in the Hadith (which promulgated the Sunnah, the practices of the Prophet as preserved from oral tradition.Answer True False .5 points Question 4 In Byzantium, the Iconoclast Dispute revolved around the appropriateness of using painted images of saints, icons, as holy protective armor for Byzantine soldiers in combat against Islamic forces.Answer True False .5 points Question 5 A formal split between the churches of Rome and Constantinople was avoided in 1054 C.E. when the Legate of the former met with the Patriarch of the latter and they agreed that the Pope in Rome was infallible, but only when it concerned the doctrine, not the customs of the church.Answer True False .5 points Question 6 The term 'Byzantine Empire' is essentially used to describe the Eastern Roman Empire, a centralized Greek-speaking bureaucratic state but still ruled according to the principles of Roman law.Answer True False .5 points Question 7 The political and religious sect known as Shia Islam believes that the only legitimate leadership of the Umma and of Islam was someone who had to have been born of the Quraish tribe, within the holy city of Mecca, and during the holy month of Ramadan.Answer True False .5 points Question 8 By uniting the Mediterranean world with Arabia and India, the 'Abbasid Empire created the greatest trade network that had ever been seen.Answer True False .5 points Question 9 The Umayyad Caliphate, with its capital city in Damascus, failed because it tried to rule over the growing Islamic empire through the leftover model of the Byzantine secular government, and failed to base its rule on Islamic spirituality and principles.Answer True False .5 points Question 10 Most of Europe's legal systems today have as their foundation the Justinian Code which was a revised version of existing Roman legal traditions.Answer True False .5 points Question 11 The reason that eunuchs became so powerful at the Byzantine court was that the Byzantines believed that these men were purified of the sin of lust and so pure enough of thought to be in the company of God's representative on Earth, the Emperor of Byzantium.Answer True False .5 points Question 12 In Byzantium, soldiers were given a farm with which to support their families, and on the soldier/farmer's death, his military obligation was passed to his son.Answer True False .5 points Question 13 In the seventh century, the center of Orthodox Christianity was Rome because the Bishop of Rome (the Pope) had long been considered the senior bishop to his brother bishops in Alexandria, Jerusalem, Antioch and Constantinople, and so his word was considered infallible.Answer True False .5 points Question 14 Islamic scientists were not generally interested in the works of Plato and Aristotle because they had been pagans; they were however much interested in the advanced scholarship of European universities and in the literary output of Christian monasteries.Answer True False .5 points Question 15 In 1453, the Ottoman Turks conquered Constantinople, but not before this great city, the largest Christian city in the world, had been pillaged by Christian crusaders in 1204 in the Fourth Crusade.Answer True False .5 points Question 16 After the Hijra in 620 B.C., the Umma grew in power in Medina, finally capturing Mecca in 629 C.E., and then grew to become a 'supertribe' open to all people who would submit to Allah (God) and accept the words of His prophet.Answer True False .5 points Question 17 Byzantium was undivided and was centrally governed by an efficient bureaucracy. Without anything resembling provinces, military districts were governed by satraps, subordinate local kings, as was the case with the Persian Empire.Answer True False .5 points Question 18 The basic element of the Byzantine imperial system were the thousands of villages throughout the empire. These handled legal affairs and taxation, and the villages dealt directly with the imperial bureaucracy.Answer True False .5 points Question 19 It could be fairly be said that the entire eastern Roman empire was more divided than unified by its Christianity.Answer True False .5 points Question 20 Under Muhammad, females saw their status in society decreased, as they now had to wear 'modest' clothing such as Arab women still wear today, nor could they own property, enter into contracts, divorce their husbands or save their children from the still-allowed infanticide.Answer True False .chap 7In the sixth and seventh centuries, a plague killed as much as one-third of Europe's population.Answer True False .5 points Question 2 By the ninth century, the basic unit of Western economy was the large Roman latifundia that dotted the European landscape, surrounded by walls and overpopulated by immense numbers of the descendants of slaves, and ruled over by armed comes and their armed and violent retinue of tonsured monastics.Answer True False .5 points Question 3 France and England are both named after Germanic tribes: Franks and Angles.Answer True False .5 points Question 4 Emperor Charlemagne wanted to replace pagan art forms with Christian representational art so that he could use the images to frighten and terrorize pagans into converting.Answer True False .5 points Question 5 The last Merovingian king was deposed by Pippin III in a conspiracy with Pope Zacharias who legitimized the overthrow of the last of the anointed kings of the Merovingian Dynasty, marking the first union of royal legitimacy and ecclesiastical sanction in European history.Answer True False .5 points Question 6 During the late ninth and tenth centuries, all the powers of government, the courts and military force became the private possession of the Catholic Church that now had absolute spiritual and physical coercive power over all levels of society, especially kings who ruled with the permission and blessing of the Pope.Answer True False .5 points Question 7 The Synod of Whitby in 664 was called in order to iron-out the differences in the way that pagans would be treated by the church in its conversion doctrines. The Romans converted by the sword, giving potential converts the choice of conversion or decapitation, while the Celtic church followed a policy of peaceful conversions.The Synod of Whitby mandated that peaceful methods be followed up if necessary by methods such as slow boiling or the popular 'water torture'.Answer True False .5 points Question 8 The real power in the Frankish kingdom was held by regional strongmen called dukes.Answer True False .5 points Question 9 In the early Middle Ages the peasantry of Europe gradually became Christian, as bishops founded parish churches in the villages of large estates and the faith gradually radiated into the countryside.Answer True False .5 points Question 10 England was transformed into Britain, the 'land of the Britons' by an invasion of Celtic tribes from Brittany, and so the Roman traditional urban life of exploitation and brutality was replaced by the values of peace, quietude and Irish monastic Christianity.Answer True False .5 points Question 11 The main goal of members of the Frankish aristocracy was wealth and power.Answer True False .5 points Question 12 Cluniac monks thought of themselves as God's spiritual 'shock troops' and so they fought against evil, with their prayers as their armed cousins did with their swords.Answer True False .5 points Question 13 Pope Gregory the Great (590-604) was unable to fill the power vacuum left by receding Byzantine forces, was unable to feed the desperately hungry Roman population during periods of famine or to comfort them through the dark years of plague and warfare as most were still pagan, and so laid the foundations for a very weak and pusillanimous medieval papacy.Answer True False .5 points Question 14 Clovis the leader of the tribe of Salian Franks, converted to Christianity in the hopes that God would help him smite his enemies, and also with the expectation that the local Gallo-Roman aristocracy would support him, which they did.Answer True False .5 points Question 15 In 613, in Visigothic Spain, all Jews were commanded either to accept Christian baptism or leave the kingdom, and Jews were often happy in 711 when Muslims conquered the Visigothic kingdom and brought some measure of religious toleration.Answer True False .5 points Question 16 Was it really possible to crown Charlemagne emperor in the year 800 because Byzantium was being ruled by a mere female?Answer True False .5 points Question 17 The aristocratic lifestyle of the early Middle Ages focussed on study of the classics, sartorial display, romantic intrigue and riding to the hounds.Answer True False .5 points Question 18 The kingdom of the Franks was the ancestor of both France and Germany.Answer True False .5 points Question 19 Aristocrats during the early Middle Ages considered themselves more as partners rather than the subjects of their kings.Answer True False .5 points Question 20 In the early Middle Ages, kings were considered the absolute source of law, which was no longer tribal tradition or custom, but was based entirely upon the sometimes cruel whims of each tribal chieftain.Answer True False .chap 8In the 11th century most people were serfs but in spite of their low economic status, they led secure and peaceful lives, working on their lords' estates, and receiving a free, basic education at the local parish school run by the local parish priest.Answer True False .5 points Question 2 Thomas Aquinas's major contribution to theology was his division of Christian doctrine from Aristotelian philosophy, in which he argued that reason and faith could never be reconciled as each one was derived from a different way of knowing the world.Answer True False .5 points Question 3 The typical peasant's diet in the Middle Ages, was composed of: wild boar, wild turkey, potatoes, tomatoes, corn and beans. p. 202Answer True False .5 points Question 4 In the eleventh century, Flanders, dealing with a population explosion as well as a lack of grazing land, opted to invest in the production of wagon wheels and metal tools of all varieties, and soon this became Europe's first major industry.Answer True False .5 points Question 5 Duke William of Normandy sailed with an army in 1066 from France to conquer England because he needed 'lebensraum' for the exploding French population and needed more land to accommodate the demands of a growing military elite.Answer True False .5 points Question 6 It was during the pontificate of Pope Innocent III that the papacy reached the low mark of its power, with corrupt popes having mistresses, illegitimate children, homosexual affairs, and owned slave galleys and led military forces as if they were common princes. Slowly, the papacy would regain power until the sixteenth century when popes no longer displayed the bourgeois materialism of their predecessors..Answer True False .5 points Question 7 The warrior aristocracy justified its privileges in society through its training as a Latin-educated elite, that could not only fight but compose poetry, sing ballads, write legal documents and peacefully resolve disputes.Answer True False .5 points Question 8 The crusades were religious wars of conquest authorized by popes and generally directed primarily against Europe's Muslim enemies.Answer True False .5 points Question 9 By the twelfth century, commerce was considered by everyone to be a completely dishonorable occupation, these 'bourgeois' as they were called because they lived in the 'bourgs' or towns, were thought to be men driven by profit over either honor or faith. Churchmen condemned their greed; nobles condemned their cowardice.Answer True False .5 points Question 10 The rise of centralized monarchies and the decline of the age of independent warriors whose violence was seen as wasteful and futile, led to a decline in the brutal and vicious holy crusades against Muslims and 'heretical' Christians.Answer True False .5 points Question 11 A 'youth' in medieval aristocracy was a young noble who had received his sword of knighthood, yet had not married, nor acquired lands.Answer True False .5 points Question 12 The institution of the English Parliament may have come from the custom under King Edward I, of seeking consensus (and funds) by summoning his barons, bishops and representatives of the towns and shires to participate in a "parley".Answer True False .5 points Question 13 The great significance of the Magna Carta, in demanding royal respect for the rights of vassals and of London burghers, was that the pope, speaking through his Archbishop and assembled noble supporters, was more important than the king.Answer True False .5 points Question 14 The church disliked lay investiture because it considered that it had the right to determine who was chosen as bishop and not some local king or even the emperor.Answer True False .5 points Question 15 A woman's domestic tasks in the Middle Ages might include: wool carding, spinning, weaving, gardening, watching children and brewing beer.Answer True False .5 points Question 16 In only 300 years, from the 11th to the 14th century, the population of Europe actually almost doubled from 38 to 74 million people.Answer True False .5 points Question 17 King John of England lost his lands to Phillip II, King of France, because he failed to appear when summoned, as required by feudal custom, as he was a vassal of the King of France for the lands of Normandy, Anjou, Maine and Touraine.Answer True False .5 points Question 18 The titanic battles begun between Emperor Henry IV of the Holy Roman Empire, and Pope Gregory VII, eventually resulted without any kind of compromise between the empire and the church and this rift eventually ended with a complete separation of church and state and banishment of the Pope from the Holy Roman Empire.Answer True False .5 points Question 19 Because of the Frankish custom of dividing up land between the surviving males, in medieval days, noble women were expected to have a small number of children, and often women used traditional and effective, though dangerous, methods of birth control bought from 'wise women' to avoid being constantly pregnant.Answer True False .5 points Question 20 A fief, complete with serfs, was something that a vassal might expect from his lordin exchange for fealty.Answer True False .chap 10Question 1 The sale of indulgences by the church was a lucrative source of revenues as people bought a reduction of time that their souls would have to spend in purgatory.Answer True False .5 points Question 2 The church was finally reunified during the Great Schism, but Western Christendom remained a bit confused at having two popes. This confusion was finally cleared up with the Council of Pisa when they went back to just the one pope.Answer True False .5 points Question 3 The Hundred Years' War that plagued the 14th century, began over property rights in Gascony, was prolonged by disputes in Flanders as well as by a succession dispute over the French crown between France and England.Answer True False .5 points Question 4 In the 14th and 15th centuries, politics centered on the ambitions of powerful nations and what really mattered was natural resources, agrarian productivity and economic activity.Answer True False .5 points Question 5 Clearly, even though there are no good statistics on this point, the deadly Black Plague still managed to kill off far fewer people than the horrendously destructive wars and numerous heartbreaking famines of this already luckless 14th century.Answer True False .5 points Question 6 In the later Middle Ages, the veneration of the Eucharist and particularly the communion wafer, involved the belief that the wafer was the actual body of Christ.Answer True False .5 points Question 7 Unfortunately for John Hus, he was to be the 'entertainment event' at the Council of Constance where he was tried for heresy and burned at the stake for having attacked church wealth and morals.Answer True False .5 points Question 8 By the end of the thirteenth century, peasants were living on the edge of disaster where even a late frost, a bad harvest or the devastation of a band of hungry mercenaries, could mean famine and population decline.Answer True False .5 points Question 9 Joan of Arc's role in turning the tide of the Hundred Years' War may be attributed to this powerful woman's great military skills as the general commanding the army that saved the city of Orleans.Answer True False .5 points Question 10 The Golden Bull of 1356 emphasized the subordination of German rulers and set up a system of elections for the imperial crown wherein the emperor would be elected by seven princes of the empire but only after they had received a papal blessing for the candidate.Answer True False .5 points Question 11 The major cause of the numerous social insurrections after the plague, was the crushing of rising popular expectations for a better future.Answer True False .5 points Question 12 The chivalric traditions of warfare were destroyed first by the use of archers and pikemen, then by the use of gunpowder and cannon at the Battle of Formigny in 1450.Answer True False .5 points Question 13 During the fourteenth century, magic was believed to exist in a wide variety of forms, but those that practiced magic were automatically considered to be evil, in league with the Devil, and so hunted down by religious authorities for torture and burning alive. Things would improve in the 15th century after the publication of 'Witches' Hammer'.Answer True False .5 points Question 14 The ultimate cause of the Hundred Years' War was the code of chivalry that trapped leaders into pursuing honorable but destructively violent policies.Answer True False .5 points Question 15 The Jacquerie was a bourgeois conspiracy directed against the nobility and their allies the clergy by French merchants in the city of Paris, led by Etienne Marcel who resented their brutal exploitations. These revolts were ended by a compromise between the parties in which the bourgeois of Paris would be represented in a French 'parlement'.Answer True False .5 points Question 16 The Black death was all the more terrifying because although people knew how it was caused and how it was transmitted, everyone believed that it was a punishment from God for their sins.Answer True False .5 points Question 17 One of the effects of the Hundred years' War in England is that it created powerful aristocratic families with their own armies.Answer True False .5 points Question 18 The multiple popes of the Great Schism opposed consiliarism because it suggested that an assembly of the church could actually and correctly determine the true doctrine of the church and of God's will, when popes knew that only they could determine God's will free from error. It was not about supreme authority or power.Answer True False .5 points Question 19 William of Ockham was an English Franciscan monk who promoted secular governments deriving their legitimacy from the people, and who also exposed Christian Aristotelianism as nothing more that a linguistic exercise. His criticism of abstract speculation as a source of knowledge empowered the development of scientific observation of individual phenomena.Answer True False .5 points Question 20 John Wycliffe seems to have been protected from being burned as a heretic by the fact that his message against church wealth and luxury resonated with the English monarchy and nobility.Answer True False .