Cardiovascular System Heart and Cardiac Output Ion channels within the conduction system of the heart determine the frequency of contractile cycles...

Cardiovascular System Heart and Cardiac Output

1. Ion channels within the conduction system of the heart determine the frequency of contractile cycles generated by the heart. Describe the autorhythmic properties of the heart, with particular emphasis on the ion channels involved in the pacemaker potentials.
2. Describe the conduction pathway of the heart and the results of that arrangement.
3. Briefly describe the events of the cardiac cycle.
4. Cardiac output is determined by the heart rate and stroke volume, describe the factors that involved in the determination of both.