Chapter 57 1.

Chapter 57

1.Explain the glycosylated hemoglobin (hemoglobin A1c), what it reflects (in terms of blood chemistry),

and why it is an important adjunct to (total) blood glucose levels in monitoring the response of

diabetes to therapy.

2. Be able to discuss diabetic ketoacidiosis

3.  Identify the main groups of oral antidiabetic drugs (and a prototype in each). Compare and contrast

their main mechanisms of action, their main adverse responses, and drug-drug interactions

4. State three classic signs or symptoms of diabetes and identify the main pathophysiologic risks from

long-term, poorly controlled diabetes.

5. Describe the values and limitations of monitoring diabetes therapy based on urine testing and blood

testing for glucose and ketones.

6. Differentiate among the different insulins for therapeutic use in terms of their mechanisms of action,

pharmacokinetics, and administration routes. Also be able to identify the insulin's duration and when it is usually administered

7. Be able to discuss diabetes and pregnancy. What is gestational diabetes, how to successfully manage/monitor blood sugars, and what type of medications are given to manage diabetes during pregnancy?

Chapter 58

1.. Describe signs and symptoms typically associated with hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism.

2. .  Identify the main drugs to treat hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism (and a prototype in each). Compare and contrast

their main mechanisms of action, their main adverse responses, and drug-drug interactions

3. Describe the uses of and contraindications to radioactive iodine in terms of diagnosing or treating

thyroid disorders

4. Be able to discuss hypothyroidism during pregnancy and its effects on the fetus as well as how hypothyroidism is treated during pregnancy.

Chapter 59

1.Summarize the main consequences of growth hormone (GH) deficiency and excess, comparing and

contrasting likely clinical presentations depending on whether the dysfunction occurs before or after

puberty.

2. Be able to discuss Somatropin (human growth hormone) and administration (route, instructions)

3. Explain the main systemic effects of antidiuretic hormone (ADH), the expected effects of

hypersecretion and hyposecretion, and their management.

4. Be able to discuss prolactin hypersecretion and the effects it produces

5. Be able to discuss acromegaly and treatment for aromegaly (growth hormone excess)

Chapter 60

1.Compare and contrast glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids in terms of which substance or

substances and processes in the body they mainly regulate.

2. Be able to discuss stress and glucocorticoids and guidelines for supplemental dosing

3. Describe the signs and symptoms of adrenal insufficiency(Addison's disease) and excess(Cushing's syndrome)