chapter one Government 2306 Chapter 1 1. Which group primarily settled in the eastern part of what we now call Texas?

chapter one Government 2306 Chapter 1Which group primarily settled in the eastern part of what we now call Texas?CaddoCreolesComanchesKiowasWhich of the following tribes was among those that eventually became part of the great horse cultures in North America?CaddoCreolesComanchesKiowasThe first modern European nation to lay claim to the territory of Texas wasFrance.Spain.England.Portugal.Why did the French settlement attempted near Matagorda Bay fail?The expedition was under-supplied and poorly led.The Karankawa Indians were unexpectedly hostile toward the New Orleans settlement.The territory was too broad to be controlled or governed effectively.Sieur de La Salle was a poor leader who was eventually killed by Karankawa Indians.What is a presidio?a Catholic mission settlementa fortified settlementa “leader” in Spanisha defensible spit of landThe first area settled by the Tejanos waseastern Texas.the Gulf Coast.“Hill Country.”the Rio Grande Valley.Of the six flags flown over Texas, which represented republics?Texas and Mexicothe CSA and FranceSpain and FranceFrance and MexicoWho led the Army of the Gulf in a show of force designed to discourage French support of the Confederacy?Joseph “Black Jack” PershingUlysses S. GrantAlfred H. TerryNathaniel P. BanksWhich of the following is an example of “luck” that limited Texas’s exposure to the ravages of the Civil War?French support of the Confederacythe successful show of force by the Army of the GulfNative American occupation west of the Balcones EscarpmentMaximilian’s long reign in Mexico10. Name the two major ideological groups in Texas during the era of Reconstruction.Farmers Alliance and popular sovereigntistspopular sovereigntists and true southernerstrue southerners and Confederate sympathizersConfederate sympathizers and Republicans11. The “carpetbagger’s constitution” reversed which right of former slaves and whites who had participated in the Civil War?citizenshipsuffragehabeas corpusassembly12. Southern Democrats were able to regain control of state government with the election of ________.186418661874187613. Approximately how long did one-party Democratic rule last in Texas?10 years50 years100 years150 years14. Which of the following elements dominated the land-based economy of post-Reconstruction Texas and is/are still important today?cattlecotton and oiloil and cattleoil, cotton, and cattle15. Mexican governments provided generous land grants to any family willing to settle in the state. The sitio or legua each family could receive was how large?40 acres and a mule640 acres or a section1,500 acresmore than 4,000 acres16. What was the primary use of land in Texas from the 1820s to the 1860s?cattlecottonoilLand use in the period was about equally divided among these three.17. In the years following the Civil War, ________ became Texas’s economic mainstay.cattlecottonoilNone of these answers is correct.18. Between 1900 and 1950, what accelerated the demographic shift from a rural society to an urban society in Texas?oilthe Civil Rights movementWWI and WWIIthe automobile19. Today, what industry dominates the Texas economy, employing nearly 80 percent of the private sector workforce?oil and petrochemical processingthe service industryagriculture and cattlemanufacturing and the high tech industry20. Members of which of the following groups overwhelmingly identify themselves as Republican?evangelical ProtestantsProtestants of the black church traditionRoman Catholicsagnostics21. A belief that government is a positive instrument for change and a means for promoting the general welfare of all citizens defines which political subculture?traditionalisticindividualisticmoralisticneoconservative22. John believes that government’s primary purpose is to defend the country and build roads. Additionally, he believes in low pay and term limits for political offices. John is demonstrating the beliefs of which political subculture?traditionalisticindividualisticmoralisticneoconservative23. Which political subculture was a natural extension of the practice of slavery?traditionalisticindividualisticmoralisticneoconservative24. Which group was forced to adopt the traditionalistic political subculture because of their subservient role?AnglosAfrican AmericansMexicansGerman and Midwestern settlers25. Classical liberalism focuses on the protection ofgroup rights.large government.judicial activism.a generally free market economy.chapter twoChapter 2The notion that all individuals possess inalienable rights and willingly submit to government to protect those rights is embodied inthe traditionalistic subculture.social contract theory.the individualistic subculture.popular sovereignty.The theory of popular sovereignty holds that all powerwill ultimately be progressively distributed.is distributed by popular vote.is given to the people by divine right.rests with the people.Which of the following is NOT among the characteristics shared by all state constitutions?the requirement that citizens approve any changesa fear of strong executive authoritypopular sovereigntyseparation of powersArticle 6 of the U.S. Constitution contains the ________ clause establishing the U.S. Constitution as the law of the land that no federal or state law may violate.preemptiveestablishmentsupremacyprimacyWhich constitution was the first to govern Anglos in Texas?U.S. ConstitutionRepublic of Mexico’s constitutionRepublic of Texas ConstitutionReconstruction constitutionWhich constitution was pejoratively known as the “carpetbagger’s constitution”?U.S. ConstitutionRepublic of Mexico’s constitutionRepublic of Texas ConstitutionReconstruction constitutionThe current Texas Constitution was approved by voters in ________.1866187618861896The Spanish constitutions contributed what key element to the political climate of Texas?limited governmentproperty rights for womendecentralization of decision makingdecreased executive powerIn addition to a preamble and appendix, how many articles are contained in the Texas Constitution?10172777610. What does the Texas Constitution contain that the U.S. Constitution does not?Bill of Rightsseparation of powerslegislative member qualificationsequal rights amendment11. Why might the partisan election of judges be cause for concern?judicial decisions may be politicizedthe rule of law would be eliminatedcampaign fundraising could distract judgesNone of these answers is correct.12. Article 1 of the Texas Constitution covers thepowers of government.legislative department.executive department.Bill of Rights.13. Why does the Texas Constitution create a fragmented executive branch?to limit the power of the governorpoor writing that had the effect of fragmenting the executive, though this was not intendedto raise the status of the legislaturea requirement established by the U.S. Congress in order for Texas to be readmitted to the Union14. The articles of the Texas Constitution that define the creation and structure of counties in the state provide for a fairly ________ system that counties are required to abide by.flexibleinflexiblesimplecentralized15. Ideally, a constitution shouldbe detailed and specific.be frequently amended.be brief.limit the court’s power of judicial review.16. At 376,006 words, which state’s constitution is the longest?Alabama’sLouisiana’sMississippi’sTexas’s17. Except in the state of Delaware, two steps are involved in changing constitutions:a constitutional convention and citizen approval.voter initiative and legislative approval.legislative initiative and approval by constitutional convention.proposal of amendments and citizen approval.18. Why are state constitutions amended more frequently than the U.S. Constitution?The U.S. Constitution has built-in limits.State constitutions deal with a wider range of functions.Voter initiatives have a higher rate of approval than those amendments proposed by state legislatures.The legislature can approve state constitutional amendments.19. Between 1975 and 2011, the Texas legislature proposed 290 amendments for voter approval, and of these, voters accepted ________ percent.4465738520. Which of the following aspects of the process of amending the state constitution contributes to low voter turnout?odd-year electionslow interest in the issuesconfusing ballot wordingAll these answers are correct.21. Many reformers believe the Texas Constitution is in need of a comprehensive revision. Why is this unlikely to happen?strong distrust of governmenthigh levels of satisfaction with the existing processstrong distrust of reformers“Lone Star” pride in having the longest state constitution22. What was the result of a bill introduced in 1999 calling for a general revision of the Texas Constitution?It was defeated in a floor vote.It was not approved by the citizens.It died in committee.It was inadvertently placed on the wrong calendar and was ignored.23. The system that provides for a sharing of powers between the national government and the state governments is known asfederalism.unitarianism.confederation.separation of powers.24. Which amendment to the U.S. Constitution contains this statement? “The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people.”NinthTenthEleventhTwelfth25. By what authority did the U.S. Congress create a national bank in 1790?U.S. Supreme Court ruling in Marbury v. MadisonArticle 8 of the U.S. ConstitutionInterstate Commerce ClauseNecessary and Proper Clausechapter threeChapter 3The Texas LegislatureWhat percentage of the Texas Senate is elected during a presidential election year?In what way are Texas, Montana, Nevada, and North Dakota similar?What is the annual limit on special legislative sessions in the state of Texas?To be eligible to run for the Texas House you mustDimensions of a candidate such as race, ethnicity, religion, and national backgroundWhy was the Legislative Redistricting Board’s multimember plan invalidated by a federal court in 1971?Redistricting isMost campaign contributions come fromEach election year, about ________ of the House members face opposition in the general election.What are the powers of the speaker of the house in the Texas House of Representatives?The lieutenant governor is not formally a senator and cannot vote except in cases of a tie, yet he or she has great power over the senate. Why?In any given legislative session, most billsClosed riders are amendments to an appropriations bill that areA state senator that usually considers all the options and then chooses the one he or she believes is the best is demonstrating the ________ representational role.What are the two different calendars for minor bills in the Texas State House?Which of the following describes how major and minor bills submitted in the Texas legislature are similar?Define bicameral and biennial.What are the formal qualifications for a Texas House member?What are the formal qualifications for a Texas Senate member? chapter fourChapter 4The Executive Department and the Office of the Governor of TexasWhich of the following is NOT among the formal qualifications for the office of governor in Texas?Which of the following informal qualifications for governor is nearly universal in Texas?Which state pays its governor the lowest salary?The governor of Texas’s salary is ________ per year.In states without a lieutenant governor, who is usually next in succession to the governor’s office?The office of lieutenant governor is different from the office of the vice president in thatWhat former governor was President George H. W. Bush’s chief of staff?Prior to the election of George W. Bush to the presidency, when was the last time a Texas governor had gone on to higher elected office?In most instances, the adoption of articles of impeachment results inWhy is the Texas governor’s power exceptionally weak as compared to that of the governors of some other states?Most of the work of the attorney general involves ________ rather than ________.Which office created in 1876 functions as the chief fiscal and revenue forecasting office and is responsible for investing state funds?What tool is used to forecast state economic growth, keep track of business cycles, and generally provide information on the health of the economy of Texas?What office was created under the 1836 constitution to administer state-owned land?What is currently the Texas Railroad Commission’s primary function?Unlike most other statewide governing offices, what governing body has varied greatly in form and structure over the years?What is tenure of office?Which of the following best describes the effect the expansion of a governor’s ability to appoint and remove agency heads would have on executive authority?The chief record keeper and election official for the state of Texas is theIn the process known as ________, the governor must clear his or her appointments with the state senator from the appointee’s home district.The SOS publishes the ________, which is the source of official notices or rules, meetings, executive orders, and opinions of the attorney general that are required to be filed by state agencies.By recommending policy initiatives to state legislators and coordinating with state agencies that administer programs and implement policies, the governor is demonstrating his or her role asIn Texas the trend in recent years has been to expand the staff of the governor’s office. Who was the first Texas governor to use a professional staff of advisors?chapter fiveChapter 5Most court cases in Texas deal withcriminal complaints.policy questions.controversies between individuals.hypothetical complaints and other questions of law.Why does the U.S. have a dual court system?the existence of both Spanish law and English law from the colonial erathe federal system of governmentArticle I of the U.S. Constitutionthe legal principle of stare decisisWhat is the most important difference between trial and appellate courts?deciding points of fact versus points of lawthe level of citizen participationthe number of judgesjurisdictionJP courts in Texas can perform all of the following EXCEPTissue arrest warrants.serve as small claims courts.hear criminal misdemeanor cases.hear traffic ticket appeals.What are the two kinds of county courts?constitutional county courts and county courts at lawtrial courts and appellate courtsmisdemeanor courts and felony courtsprimary and secondary jurisdictionIn most states, which courts hear major criminal and civil cases?district courtsmajor trial courtssuperior courtsAll these answers are correct.In Texas, criminal appeals involving the death penalty are heard bythe Court of Appeals.superior courts.the Court of Criminal Appeals.All these answers are correct.What is the highest court for criminal cases in Texas?the Court of Appealsthe Texas Supreme Courtthe Court of Criminal Appealsboth the Texas Supreme Court and the Court of Criminal AppealsThe merit system used to identify and select judges is also known asthe Missouri system.retention election.the partisan election system.the gubernatorial appointment system.10. How are trial court judges selected in Texas?the Missouri systemretention electionpartisan electiongubernatorial appointment11. Most voters go to the election booth with scant knowledge about the qualifications of judicial candidates, and they often end up votingon advice from a trusted family friend.for the first name in a list of candidates.by name familiarity.only on issues that they are familiar with, skipping the judicial candidates.12. In 1984, many incumbent Democratic judges lost their seats in large urban counties to unknown Republican challengers because ofstraight ticket voting.the move toward two-party competitiveness.gerrymandering.the cyclical off-year election trend.13. How many elections must a judge win prior to being seated on the bench under the Texas partisan election system?012314. The ________ Amendment guarantees citizens in each state due process and equal protection of the law regardless of race, ethnicity, or gender.FirstFifthTwelfthFourteenth15. Of the following, which is most likely to be appointed to his or her initial seat on the court in Texas?a supreme court justicea district court judgethe justice of the peacea municipal court judge16. Which method of judicial selection is a system left over from colonial America?partisan electionelection by the legislatureappointment by the governornonpartisan election17. Which method for removing judges for misconduct is used by the fewest states?impeachmentrecall electionsremoval by the governor after a hearingremoval by the legislature18. Texas uses ________ to review the facts and decide whether enough evidence exists to try cases.Article 32 hearingsgrand juriesadministrative hearingsboth grand juries and administrative hearings19. The Texas Government Code allows jurisdictions to draw upon which source(s) for jury selection?registered voterslicensed driversjury pool volunteersboth registered voters and licensed drivers20. Why do political candidates often use the “tough on criminals” campaign strategy?Polls have indicated that crime is the number-one issue with voters.It offends few voters.They tend to take the “if it bleeds, it leads” approach.None of these answers is correct.21. What is the “age of majority” in Texas with regard to civil and criminal responsibility before the law?1617182122. Which state has the highest rate of incarceration?MissouriLouisianaAlabamaTexas23. In Texas as elsewhere, the criminal justice system should serve three broad purposes:rehabilitation, deterrence, and punishment.punishment, deterrence, and redemption.redemption, punishment, and rehabilitation.rehabilitation, reconciliation, and retribution.24. What U.S. Supreme Court case in 1972 outlawed the death penalty because it was unfairly applied to many crimes and because of the lack of safeguards in place in many states?Furman v. GeorgiaLawrence v. TexasGregg v. GeorgiaWilson v. Georgia25. Free or reduced-fee legal representation is known aspublic defense.pro bono.the Texas Bar Association’s Lawyers Giving Back program.the Texas indigent client program.chapter sixChapter 6________ is the political principle that assigns different functions to different levels of government.RepublicanismConstitutionalismSeparation of powersFederalismBexar County, Texas, is an example of which category of local government?limited-purposespecial-purposegeneral-purposemulti-jurisdictionalFor incorporation to proceed in Texas, first a minimum population of ________ citizens must be living within a two-square-mile area.2015011,0012,501San Antonio wants to expand and add new territory to the city and broaden its tax base by doing what with regard to the upscale subdivision that is in Bexar County and borders the city?declaring eminent domain over itannexing itinvoking extraterritorial jurisdiction upon itincorporating itIf you selected any city in Texas at random, what governmental form would you most likely find?commissionweak mayor-councilstrong mayor-councilcouncil-managerWhich of the following is one of the roles of the mayor in a council-manager form of government?administrativepresiding officer of the councilhead of government for the citythe vetoUnder the council-manager form of government, how is the city manager selected?partisan electionmayoral appointmentcity council appointmentnonpartisan electionWhich of the following is a weakness of the council-manager form of city government?full-time council members serving for too longcity manager being answerable to the voting publicabsence of political coalitionsability of the city manager to manipulate information and control council decisionsThe weak mayor’s formal powers most resemble those of which other government official in Texas?the mayor in the council-manager form of city governmentthe governorthe speaker of the Texas Housethe lieutenant governor10. If you selected any city in Texas at random, what governmental form would you LEAST likely find?commissionweak mayor-councilstrong mayor-councilcouncil-manager11. Tulsa, Oklahoma, which is one of the last, larger cities to use the commission form of city government, gave what powers to the mayor in an attempt to correct some of the form’s shortcomings?authority to call special sessionsbudget authorityremoval authorityappointment authority12. The commission form of city government served as a transition from theweak mayor form to the council-manager form.strong mayor form to the council-manager form.weak mayor form to the strong mayor form.council-manager form to the weak mayor form.13. All of the following are at-large election systems EXCEPTat-large by place.at-large by place with residence wards required.at-large no place.at-large multiple places.14. What change was noted when cities in Texas were forced to change to SMD for at least some city council seats?higher voter turnoutsubstantial increase in minority city council memberslower voter turnoutdramatic change in how city services were distributed15. What voting system is preferred by voting rights activists as a means of increasing minority representation?at-large votingsingle member districtspreferential votingcumulative voting16. San Antonio ran slates of candidates using a “nonpartisan organization” known as theGood Government League.Citizens Charter Association.Business and Professional Association.Chamber of Commerce17. Voter turnout in City of Austin municipal elections is usually about8 percent.10 percent.38 percent.62 percent.18. What is the oldest type of local government, adapted from a British unit of government, that is used in the United States?countyprovinceshirecity19. What is the composition of the county commissioner’s court?five county commissioners, with one member appointed county judgea three-judge panel and four county commissionersa district clerk and four county commissionersa county judge and four county commissioners20. In smaller counties, state law allows the sheriff to act asthe justice of the peace.the tax assessor/collector.constable and court officer.the medical examiner.21. County government was designed to meet the needs of and provide services to a(n) ________ population.urbanagrarianruralvaried22. What authority do state and city governments have that in counties is quite limited?disbursement of fundsinfrastructure maintenanceordinancelaw enforcement23. The primary source of revenue for counties issales tax.property tax.income tax.state block grants.24. One suggestion for reform of county government that has been frequently made over the past 70 years involvesprovincial incorporation.general law.the commission system.home rule.25. The authority to establish and maintain a free public school system is contained in which article of the Texas Constitution?Article 3Article 5Article 7Article 9