Complete 10 pages APA formatted article: Critical Review of 4 Papers about Education.

Complete 10 pages APA formatted article: Critical Review of 4 Papers about Education. The author argues in this article that the real problem between races in Great Britain goes beyond individuals that discriminate and hate one another base don race. He argues that institutional racism is a real problem. Part of the problem is that Citizenship Education has been touted as the cure for the nation’s racial strife. The author argues that Citizenship Education does little more than making people feel good because it looks like the government is doing something to address the problem. In reality, the author contends that Citizenship Education acts as a placebo. He argues that it is impossible for the institution to eliminate racism if the institution itself is racist.

Much of the author’s foundation for argument is based upon the findings of the Stephen Lawrence Inquiry. Stephen Lawrence was an 18-year-old black college student. He was murdered by a group of white youths that have never been convicted of the crime. The subsequent report identified failings, bias, and racial hatred not just in individuals but also in the institutions that should have brought Stephen Lawrence’s murderers to justice. The author then goes on to back this claim up with some powerful statistics. The white-black discrepancy in achievements in national standardized tests is discussed. AS are the shocking statistics that show white and black students begin their public educations in Great Britain scoring equal on standardized tests but from the preteen years onwards, black students begin to lag farther and farther behind. The author points to this as a clear indication of institutional racism. He then concludes his argument by showing the failings of Citizenship Education as something that ignores the institutional role in poor race relations. By focusing on interpersonal relationships, Citizenship Education fails to address the inherently unfair situation minority students encounter by being part of the public education system.